翻译资格一级笔译汉译英练习 2

1、如果让电脑来设计一个完美的联合国秘书长，他/她应该是这样的：出生在 非洲在欧洲和美国接受教育;在联合国工作十年以上;配偶是欧洲人;出现混乱局 面时能保持冷静、富有领导魅力的权威人士。1996年联合国找到了这样一个人来恢复它的方向感和目的性，这简直就是 个奇迹。联合国在波斯尼亚、索马里和卢旺达的行动失败后，科菲.安南却脱颖 而出。身为国际公务员的他对参与了这一系列的空难性行动，幸存下来，并且从 中学到很多东西。现在，安南的第二任期已过一半。然而，他的任务还没有圆满完成，联合国 离其理想状态还很远。但安南已经体验到了他这份工作的局限性一一因为联合国 体制对他的限制，他不能利用言语力量，然而他却比他

2、的前任们积累了更多的权 威性。他与美国政府的复杂关系鲜为人知，当安南在公众面前的表现不能取悦布什 政府的时候，美国就会攻击他。反过来，当美国政府官员发现他们的政策在伊拉 克举步维艰的时候，他们却向联合国寻求帮助。有些观察家建议安南不要帮助美 国摆脱困境，但是安南明白，自己最大责任是促成伊拉克局势的稳定。他开始朝 6月30号这个决定性的日子努力，美国将会在这天向伊拉克政府移交政权，这将千万动乱局面。不管是安南瓦还是其他任何人，在伊拉克问题上的成功与否都traditional Chinese culture. The research field coversChina7 s political,

3、 historical and social conditions, including leading figuresin China7 s modern history.中国学的第二代，始于1989年，在后冷战时代的意识 形态狂热中诞生。这一时期的研究，陷入自由民主或专制独 裁的意识形态两元对立。在研究取向上，强调政治立场先行 和意识形态挂帅，目的只有一个，即证明中国的政治制度必 然崩溃。可惜，这一代流派的研究一再被中国成功开展的事 实证伪，备受质疑。The second generation was born in 1989 amid thepost Cold War ideologic

4、al fever. The studies in this period were characterized bythe ideological dichotomy between liberal democracy and authoritarianism. The expectationof studies carried a political and ideological agenda - to prove the Chinesepolitical system will be doomed to failure.However, these studies were underq

5、uestion as they were against the fact of Chinas successful development againand again.第三代中国学发端于新的形势背景下，研究方法和取向 都不同以往。这一代流派的演进，将推动中国学从基础结构 上发生转型，并使世界对中国的认知产生决定性影响。最近 几十年来，中国全方位快 速崛起，全球政治、历史、经济 研究的顶尖人士，纷纷聚焦中国，希望探究这一历史重大 事件的深远含义。这个群体不再像前两代那样限于中国通， 而是来自各个领域。The third generation of Chinese studiesorigina

6、ted in a new situation, with a new research method and orientation. Theevolution of this school will fundamentally transform Chinese studies and exert a decisive influence on the worlds perception of China. With China7 s rapidrise over the past decades, leaders in politics, history, and economicrese

7、arches across the world shifted their attention to China, trying to explorethe far-reaching meaning of this historic event. This group, not confined toChina hands as before, comes from various fields.另一个趋向可以称为实证派，即以收集客观数据为基本 研究方法，客观分析中国的治理模式。Another trend can be categorized under empiricalschool who

8、se basic research method is gathering objective data in order toanalyzes Chinas governance fairly.最近，国家发布了关于减轻中小学教师负担进一步营 造教育教学良好环境的假设干意见（以下简称意见营 造教育教学良好环境，让教师全身心投入教书育人工作，落 实好立德树人根本任务，是各级政府的职责所在，是全社会 尊师重教的基本表达。国家高度重视教师工作，在倡导全社 会尊师重教、推进教师管理体制机制改革、落实教师待遇保 障等方面采取了一系列政策举措，取得显著成效。Recently, Guidelines on

9、Reducing the Burden on Primary and Secondary School Teachers to Futher Ensure a Sound Environment for Education and Teaching (or Guidelines) has been issued. We must create a better environment for education and teaching to facilitate teachers whole-hearted commitment to teaching and full implementa

10、tion of their fundamental task of cultivating virtues in people. It is the duty of governments at all levels to embody a society-wide respect for teachers and education. We attach great importance to the work of teachers, and have taken a series of policies and measures in advocating the nationwide

11、respect for teachers and their work, promoting the reform of teacher management system and mechanism, and ensuring teachers7 welfares. Our relevant endeavors have delivered remarkable results.由于一些历史的和体制机制方面的原因，目前教师特别是中小学教师还存在负担较重的问题，主要表现是：各种督 查检查评比考核等事项名目多、频率高;各类调研、统计、信 息采集等活动交叉重复，有的布置随意;一些地方和部门在落 实

12、平安稳定、扫黑除恶、创优评先等工作时，经常向学校和教师摊派任务。这极大地干扰了学校正常的教育教学秩序,给教师增加了额外负担。对此，必须牢给教师增加了额外负担。对此，必须牢树立教师的天职是教书育人的理念，切实减少对中小学校和教师不必要的干扰，把宁静还给学校，把时间还给教师。Due to some institutional issues left over fromhistory, teachers, especially primary and secondary school teachers, still shoulder heavy burdens in various forms as

13、 follows. Multiple and frequent programs like supervision, inspection, evaluation and review flood into the school. Besides, overlapping activities like survey, data and information collection are casually assigned. Moreover, some local authorities and departments often apportion tasks to schools an

14、d teachers when implementing the work of promoting safety and stability, cracking down on organized crimes, and organizing excellence evaluations. This actually interferes with the normal order of school education and teaching, and increases the extra burden on teachers. To respond, we must hold dea

15、r the principle that teachers7 holy duty is bound to teach and educate people, thus effectively reducing redundant interference to them. By doing so, schools can regain peace and teachers their time.我们必须精遵循教育教学规律，聚焦教师立德树人。大 幅精简各类报表填写，减少调研、统计等活动;提升数据采集 信息化水平，充分利用现代信息技术特别是人工智能技术。 不要随意安排学校停课或让教师参与社区建设活

16、动。切实减 少中小学校教师不应负责的事项，要减少督查、检查、评比、 考核等事项;要减少社会事务进校园。切实减轻中小学教师负 担，进一步营造宽松、宁静的教育教学环境和校园气氛，确 保中小学教师潜心教书、静心育人。We must follow the scientific approach of education and teaching, focusing on morality and ability cultivation. We will take the following measures. First, simplify the filling of various reports

17、, and reduce the activities of survey and data collecting. To realize this goal, we must make full use of modern information technology, especially artificial intelligence. Also, we must prevent the random arrangement of school closures or teachers1 compulsory participation in community building act

18、ivities. Last, we must cut down on the projects that primary and secondary school teachers should not be held accountable for such tasks as supervision, inspection, evaluation and review. In other words, we should shelter schools from irrelevant social affairs. By reducing the burden on primary and

19、secondary school teachers, and further creating a relaxed and peaceful teaching environment on campus, teachers can be empowered to settle down to fulfill their bounden duty of teaching and cultivating talents.当前推进城镇化的主要任务是:推进农民工等农业转移 人口市民化;提高城镇建设用地利用效率，防止城镇化大量圈 占土地、低效利用;建立多元可持续的城镇化资金保障机制， 改变过度依赖土地财

20、政的局面;优化城镇化布局和形态，改善 人居环境;提高城镇化水平，实事求是定位，科学务实规划； 加强对城镇化的管理。城镇建设要表达尊重自然、顺应自然、天人合一的理念, 依托现有山水脉络等独特风光，让城市融入大自然，让居 民望得见山、看得见水、记得住乡愁。At present, the main tasks for urbanization are togrant urban residency to more rural migrant workers and other rural people who have moved to cities;make more efficient use

21、of urban land for construction purposes and prevent too much land from being expropriated for urbanization and used inefficiently; establish a diversified and sustainable mechanism for funding urbanization; put an end to China, s over reliance on land-based finance; improve the structure and form of

22、 urbanization and the living environment; raise the level of urbanization, realistically define what a city should be like and make proper plans for its development; and improve the management of urbanization.In pursuing urbanization, China needs to respect and be in tune with nature and ensure unit

23、y between man and nature.Making use of current mountains, waters and other unique landscapes, China needs to integrate cities into nature so urban dwellers can enjoy the viewof mountains and waters and are reminded of their hometowns.经济建设取得重大成就。坚定不移贯彻新开展理念，坚 决端正开展观念、转变开展方式，开展质量和效益不断提升。 经济保持中高速增长，在世界

24、主要国家中名列前茅，国内生 产总值从五十四万亿元增长到八十万亿元，稳居世界第二， 对世界经济增长贡献率超过百分之三十。供给侧结构性改革 深入推进，经济结构不断优化，数字经济等新兴产业蓬勃发 展，高铁、公路、桥梁、港口、机场等基础设施建设快速 推进。农业现代化稳步推进，粮食生产能力到达一万二千亿 斤。城镇化率年均提高一点二个百分点，八千多万农业转移 人口成为城镇居民。区域开展协调性增强，一带一路建 设、京津冀协同开展、长江经济带开展成效显著。We have made major achievements in economic development. We have remained comm

25、itted to the new development philosophy, adopted a right approach to development, and endeavored to不会取决于他个人的控制能力。但是，安南注定要处理这些棘手的问题，而这些 问题是由别人的失败造成的。所有熟悉安南的人都知道他将带着他一贯的勇气、 自我控制能力、谦恭和乐观来介入这一难题。【参考译文】If a computer were to design the perfect U.N. Secretary-General, he or she would look sonething like th

26、is: African born; European and American educated, with decades of service in the U.N. system; married to a European; and possessing a quiet charisma and calm authority as chaos arises.That the U.N. in 1996 found such a person to restore its sense of direction and purpose was a near miracle. But out

27、of the U.N.s failures in Bosnia, Somalia and Rwanda came Kopi Annan, the career international civil servant who had participated in these disasters yet somehow survived and learned from them.Today Annan is in the middle of his second term. His task is not finished, and the U.N. is still far from wha

28、t it should be. But Annan has tested the limits of the job, accumulating more authority-one cannot use the word power, given the constraints the U.N. system places on him-than any of his predecessors. transform the growth model. The result has been a constant improvement in the quality and effect of

29、 development. The economy has maintained a medium-high growth rate, making China a leader among the major economies. With the gross domestic product rising from 54 trillion to 80 trillion yuan, China has maintained its position as the worlds second largest economy and contributed more than 30 percen

30、t of global economic growth. Supply-demand structural reform has made further headway, bringing a steady improvement in the economic structure. Emerging industries like the digital economy are thriving; the construction of high-speed railways, highways, bridges, ports, airports, and other types of i

31、nfrastructure has picked up pace. Agricultural modernization has steadily advanced, with annual grain production reaching 600 million metric tons. Thelevel of urbanization has risen by an annual average of 1.2 degrees, and more than 80 million people who have moved from rural to urban areas have gai

32、ned permanent urban residency. Regional development has become more balanced; the Belt and Road Initiative, the coordinated development of north China, and the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt have all made notable progress.创新驱动开展战略大力实施，创新型国家建设成果丰 硕，天宫、蛟龙、天眼、悟空、墨子、大飞机等重大科技成 果相继问世。南海岛礁建设积极推进。

33、开放型经济新体制逐 步健全，对外贸易、对外投资、外汇储藏稳居世界前列。Through devoting great energy to implementing the innovation-driven development strategy, we have seen much accomplishment toward making China a country of innovators, with major advances made in science and technology, including the successful launch of Tiangong-2

34、 space lab, the commissioning of the deep-sea manned submersible Jiaolong and of the five-hundred-meter aperture spherical telescope (FAST) Tianyan, the launch of the dark matter probe satellite Wukong and the quantum science satellite Mozi, and the test flight of the airliner C919.Construction on H

35、enan islands in the South China Sea has seen steady progress. The new institutions of the open economy have been steadily improved. China led the world in trade, outbound investment, and foreign exchange reserves.全面深化改革取得重大突破。蹄疾步稳推进全面深化改革，坚决破除各方面体制机制弊端。改革全面发力、多点 突破、纵深推进，着力增强改革系统性、整体性、协同性, 压荏拓展改革广度和深

36、度，推出一千五百多项改革举措，重 要领域和关键环节改革取得突破性进展，主要领域改革主 体框架基本确立。中国特色社会主义制度更加完善,国家治理体系和治理能力现代化水平明显提高，全社会开展活力和 创新活力明显增强。We have made major breakthroughs in deepening reform. We have taken comprehensive steps to deepen reform quickly but steadily, and worked with resolve to remove institutional barriers in all area

37、s. We have taken moves across the board, achieving breakthroughs in many areas, and made deeper progress in reform. We have pursued reform in a more systematic, holistic, and coordinated way, increasing its coverage and depth. Thanks to the launch of over 1,500 reform measures, breakthroughs have be

38、en made in key areas, and general bodies for reform have been established in major fields. The system of socialism with Chinese characteristics has been further improved, with notable progress made in modernizing Chinas system and capacity for governance.Throughout society, development is full of vi

39、tality and is driven by greater creation.Crime control is a pretty complex question, the first step, of course, is deterrence to stop people from committing crime in the first place. That involves the economy. Are there enough jobs for everyone? There should be. And social structure, are there enoug

40、h support system? And so on. When people are convicted, and put in prison, then the goal should be to have reform programs inside prisons. So they want person comes out, they don t return to a life of crime. If the education program and drug treatment program have been cut, convicted criminals are n

41、ot being reformed.译文：如何控制犯罪率是一个十分复杂的问题。首先， 当然要防止犯罪行为的发生。包括从经济方面来说，是否有 足够的工作提供给所有人?这个是应该要保证的;从社会机构 来说，是否有足够的社会保障体系?等等。而一旦人们犯了 罪，被关进监狱了，那么监狱里就需要有改造计划，可以让 这些人出狱之后，不再回到犯罪生涯。如果停掉教育计划和 毒品治疗方案，那就无法对这些犯人就行改造了。评析:本篇段落翻译选自2008年春季高口的听力原文, 这就暗示了广大口译考生，历年的听力原文等材料是平时训 练的重要资源，平时多积累，考试的时候方可胸有成竹。本篇段落关注的是一个常见的社会问题如何控

42、制 犯罪率。段落给出了两点建议，一个是要防患未然;二是在对 犯人实施改造计划。内容对考生来说应该并不陌生，语速也 较为平缓，作为两段翻译的的第二段，在难度上是可以接受 的。本段词汇较为常见。注意deterrence ,意是威慑，制 止，这里考生也可将名词转译为动词，译为防止犯罪行 为的发生；另外，convict这个单词意为判有罪，convicted criminals 指囚犯，犯人。段落的句子结构较为简单。考生只需注意这个长句:When people are convicted, and put into prison, the goal should be to have reform pr

43、ograms inside prisons, so that when the person comes out, they dont return to a life of crime.这个句子虽长，但只要理 解语义，理清分句之间的逻辑关系，如when引导的是从句, the goal后面的内容是主句,s。that作的是目的状语。划 分好结构，再按句子本身的语序进行翻译就可以了。如果让电脑来设计一个完美的联合国秘书长，他/她应该 是这样的：出生在非洲;在欧洲和美国接受教育;在联合国工 作十年以上酒己偶是欧洲人;出现混乱局面时能保持冷静、富 有领导魅力的权威人士。1996年联合国找到了这样一个人

44、来恢复它的方向感和 目的性，这简直就是个奇迹。联合国在波斯尼亚、索马里和 卢旺达的行动失败后，科菲.安南却脱颖而出。身为国际公务 员的他对参与了这一系列的空难性行动，幸存下来，并且从 中学到很多东西。现在，安南的第二任期已过一半。然而，他的任务还没 有圆满完成，联合国离其理想状态还很远。但安南已经体验 到了他这份工作的局限性因为联合国体制对他的限制， 他不能利用言语力量，然而他却比他的前任们积累了更多的 权威性。他与美国政府的复杂关系鲜为人知，当安南在公众面前的表现不能取悦布什政府的时候，美国就会攻击他。反过来, 当美国政府官员发现他们的政策在伊拉克举步维艰的时候, 他们却向联合国寻求帮助。有

45、些观察家建议安南不要帮助美 国摆脱困境，但是安南明白，自己最大责任是促成伊拉克局 势的稳定。他开始朝6月30号这个决定性的日子努力，美 国将会在这天向伊拉克政府移交政权，这将千万动乱局面。不管是安南瓦还是其他任何人，在伊拉克问题上的成功与否 都不会取决于他个人的控制能力。但是，安南注定要处理这 些棘手的问题，而这些问题是由别人的失败造成的。所有熟悉安南的人都知道他将带着他一贯的勇气、自我控制能力、 谦恭和乐观来介入这一难题。【参考译文】If a computer were to design the perfect U.N. Secretary-General, he or she would

46、 look sonething like this: African born; European and American educated, with decades of service in the UN system; married to a European; and possessing a quiet charisma and calm authority as chaos arises.That the U.N. in 1996 found such a person to restore its sense of direction and purpose was a n

47、ear miracle. But out of the U.N/ s failures in Bosnia, Somalia and Rwanda came Kopi Annan, the career international civil servant who had participated in these disasters yet somehow survived and learned from them.Today Annan is in the middle of his second term. His task is not finished, and the U.N.

48、 is still far from what it should be. But Annan has tested the limits of the job, accumulating more authority-one cannot use the word power, given the constraints the U.N. system places on him-than any of his predecessors.His complex relationship with the U.S. government is little understood. When A

49、nnan takes positions in public that are displeasing to the bush administration, it unleashes its attack dogs. Yet when administration officials found their policies in Iraq floundering, they asked the U.N. for help. Some observers told Annan that he should responsibility was to the cause of stabiliz

50、ing Iraq. He began to work toward the decisive date of June 30, when the u.s. will hand over control to Iraqi authorities and an uncertain situation will prevail determined by factors way beyond his, or anyone else s, ability to control. But it is Annan s destiny to be handed the very worst problems

51、 after they have been unsuccessfullyHis complex relationship with the U.S. government is little understood. WhenAnnan takes positions in public that are displeasing to the bush administration, it unleashes its attack dogs. Yet when administration officials found their policies in Iraq floundering, t

52、hey asked the U.N. for help. Some observers told Annan that he should responsibility was to the cause of stabilizing Iraq. He began to work toward the decisive date of June 30, when the u.s. will hand over control to Iraqi authorities and an uncertain situation will prevail determined by factors way

53、 beyond his, or anyone elses, ability to control. But it is Annans destiny to be handed the very worst problems after they have been unsuccessfully addressed by others. Anyone who knows him knows he wades into such problems with his usual blend of courage, self-control, modesty and optimism.当前推进城镇化的

54、主要任务是：推进农民工等农业转移 人口市民化;提高城镇建设用地利用效率，防止城镇化大量圈 占土地、低效利用;建立多元可持续的城镇化资金保障机制，改变过度依赖土地财政的局面;优化城镇化布局和形态，改善 addressed by others. Anyone who knows him knows he wades into such problems with his usual blend of courage, self-control, modesty and optimism.故事的详情围绕在1954年六月29日出生于密西西比, 科修斯科山的一个女婴。那时，对于像Oprah Winfre

55、y （奥 普来.温弗里）这样日常开销负担特别繁重的单亲家庭来说， 她的出身并不是那么让人期待。她所在的国家，已经有适当 的法律等候着将她列为不受欢迎的对象，阻击她参加其它合 理的社交活动，让她背负上了奴隶制度剩余产物的枷锁，还 有以往其它一些不公平的待遇。简单的事实就是她的祖母、 曾祖母以及更早的一代之前，在政府纵恿的种族镇压法令 下，从未经历过一天生命的自由。之后的迹象说明，她的出生似乎平淡无奇。但是，在她 三年的时候，便开始在教堂的讲道坛背诵演说，在发现了书 籍的之后，她便钻研上面写过的句子，每周向她的父亲作一 次书籍汇报。即使在那个动乱不安的年代，也从不浪费一刻 功夫。种子正在播种灌溉。

56、在1964年4月13日,她已成长为一个青少年，在她母亲那间无电梯的公寓的油布地毯 上，电视里的一些东西深深地触动了她。那时她正在看奥斯 卡奖项的现场直播，一位年青的美国黑人演员被授予了电影 行业中的最高荣誉。在提供那个神圣的时刻之后，她告诉了 我所有这一切都在暗暗地促使她轻声地告诉自己他能做 到，难道我就做不到吗?道路已经被铺平了，Oprah Winfrey开始了她的旅程。 从婴儿到小孩、到青少年、再到年轻女士万事俱备，使 得她在服务于自然界与人类家庭上迸发出一种惊人的能力。 从1954年起，毫无疑问，世界已经以一种积极的方式发生 着改变。Oprah和她的脱口秀是其中的很多改变动力。她影 响深

57、远的脱口秀、对非洲乃至其它地方的小孩博爰举动、广 受欢迎的书籍杂志俱乐部、激动人心的演说辞、以身作那么为 改善种族关系所作的贡献。这一切都讲给人类家庭，触动了 他们的内心，每个人都深受鼓舞。密西西比也受到了潮流的影响，比1954年看起来适意 得多。其中的局部也许同样归功于Oprah Winfrey的非常独特的精神力量一个勇敢、有趣、富有同情心、见识 广博、闪耀着知识光芒的人，是我所知的人中最脚踏实地、 让人钟爰的一个。【参考译文】The circumstances surrounding the birth of a female infant in Kosciusko, Mississipp

58、i, on Jan.29, 1954,were not promising present was the usual mix that had so often accumulated into a burden too heavy for a single-parent household like the one Oprah Winfrey grew up in. The state in which she was born had laws in place waiting to characterize her as unwelcome, to bar her participat

59、ion in otherwise accebtable social activities, to shackle her to the residue of slavery and other injustices of the past The simple truth is that her grandmother, her great-grandmother and all the great-great-grandmothers before them never experienced one day of life free from the harsh decrees of s

60、tate-sponsored racial repression.In hindsight, it appears that her birth was an uneventful one. But at age three she was reciting speeches from church pulpits. Upon discovering books, the child delved into the written word, turning out weekly book reports for her father. Even during turbulent times,