高考英语精选备考题库系列含详解阅读理解一

1、2012高考英语精选备考题库系列（含详解）阅读理解（一） 备战2012高考，精选阅读200篇，适合高三上学期使用，希望对大家有帮助。（2011年8月）Do American children still learn handwriting in school? In the age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessonsare on the way out. 90% of teachers say they are required to teach handwriting. But studies have

2、 yet to answer the question of how well they are teaching it. One study published this year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. Some teachers are teaching handwriting by providing instruction for 1015 minutes a day, and then other teacher

3、s who basically teachit for 60 to 70 minutes a day which really for handwriting is pretty much.Many adults remember learning that way by copying letters over and over again. Today s thinking is that short periods of practice are better. Many experts also think handwriting should not be taught by its

4、elf. Instead, they say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas. After all, that is why we write.Handwriting involves two skills. One is legibility, which means forming the letters so they can be read. The other is fluency writing without having to think about it. Fluency continue

5、s to develop up until high school.But not everyone masters these skills. Teachers commonly report that about one fourth of their kids have poor handwriting. Some people might think handwriting is not important any more because of computers and voice recognition programs.But Steve Graham at Vanderbil

6、t says word processing is rarely done in elementary school, especially in the early years. American children traditionally first learn to print, and then to write in cursive, which connects the letters. But guess what we learned from a spokeswoman for the College Board, which administers the SAT col

7、lege admission test. More than 75 percent of students choose to print their essay on the test rather than write in cursive.语篇解读文章介绍了在键盘普及的年代美国的书法教学情况。We can learn from Paragraph 1.teaching handwriting is a basic requirement in teaching jobmost teachers prefer to teach handwritingteachers spend littl

8、e time in teaching handwritinga keyboard has taken the place of the handwriting entirely解析推理判断题。根据第一段中“90% of teachers say they are required to teachhandwriting司知书法教学是基本的教学要求，A项为正确推论。根据 Onestudy publishedthis year found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach h

9、andwriting司知，很多老师不愿意教书法课，B项错误；根据第一段末句可知 C项错误；根据全段判断，只是说键盘普及使一些人认为书法渐渐过时了，D项错误。答案AWhich of the following is WRONG for traditional handwriting in the USA?The students are taught by practicing a long period.The letters are repeated many times.Handwriting includes two skills.To write in cursive is taugh

10、t first.解析细节认定题。根据第二段可知，传统的书法教学重复很多遍并且持续时间长，因 此A、B两项内容正确。根据第三段第一句可知C项内容正确；根据最后一段第二句可知D项内容错误。答案DThe underlined word a legibility in Paragraph 3 means.A. easy to readB. complexC. unexpectedD. unreadable解析 推测词义题。根据下文 “which means forming the letters so they can be read可推 测画线词的意思是精楚，易读答案AThe best title

11、for the passage is.How to improve handwriting in schoolRight or wrong: the death of handwritingHandwriting involves two skillsHandwriting lessons are on the way out解析标题归纳题。作者对美国书法教学的现状作了叙述，没有自己的主观评论，故选 择Bo A项没有涉及，C项只是其中一部分内容，D项只是一部分人的观点。答案BThe author s attitude towards whether still to learn handwri

12、ting in school isA. negativeB. objectiveC. criticalD. optimistic解析态度判断题。根据全文的叙述，作者只是将美国书法教学的现状和不同人的观点呈现出来，并没有发表自己的见解，因此作者持客观的态度。答案B长难句解读 One study published this year found that about three out of every fourteachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. 今年公布的 项研究发现，大约每四 个教师中就有三个说他们不准备教书法了。

13、published this year为过去分词短语作后置定语, found后面为宾语从句，其中又含有一个宾语从句 they are not prepared to teach handwriting 。BSaturday, October 7th, was a marathon of sad tasks for Anna Politkovskaya. Twoweeks earlier, her father, a retired official in the department of foreign affairs, had diedof a heart attack as he eme

14、rged from the Moscow Metro while on his way to visit Politkovskaya s mother, RaisaMazepa,in the hospital. She had justbeendiagnosed（ 诊断）with cancer and was too weak even to attend her husband s funeral.“Your father will forgive me, because he knows that I have always loved him, shetold Anna and her

15、sister, Elena Kudimova, the day he was buried. A week later, shehad an operation and since then Anna and Elena had been taking turns helping her deal with her grief.Politkovskaya was supposed to spend the day at the hospital, but her twenty-six-year- old daughter, who was pregnant, had just moved in

16、to Politkovskaya sapartment, on Lesnaya Street, while her own place was being prepared for the baby.“Anna had so much on her mind, Elena Kudimova told me when we met in London, before Christmas.And she was trying to finish her article. Politkovskaya was aspecial reporter for the small newspaper Nova

17、ya Gazeta, and, like most of her work, the piece focused on the terror that can be seen all over the southern republicofChechnya. This time, she had been trying to report repeatedcruel acts done bypeople faithful to the Prime Minister, Ramzan Kadyrov, who are in favour of Russia. In the past seven y

18、ears, Politkovskaya had written dozens of accounts of life during wartime; many had been collected in her book “A Small Corner of Hell: reports fromChechnya. Politkovskaya was far more likely to spend time in a hospital than on a battlefield, and her writing bore frequent witness to robbery, and the

19、 uncontrolled cruelty of life in a place that few other Russians and almost no other reporters - cared to think about.Politkovskaya s father died of.A. tirednessB. a heart diseaseC. an attackD. an accident【答案与解析】答案 Bo从第2句中的“had died of a heart attack可知B选项是正确答案。C选项attack是 攻击”的意思，而文中出现的是 heart attack

20、,心脏病”，因此C选 项偷换了概念；其他选项与文中相关的表述不相干。From the text we know that Raisa Mazepa.didn t love her husbanddidn t attend her husband s funeralwas having an operation the day her husband was buriedwas too sad to attend her husband s funeral【答案与解析】答案 B。从3、4、5三句可知B选项是正确选项，其他三个选项与文中的表述 不一致。The underlined word “em

21、erged most likely means.A. came outB. went intoC. disappearedD. left for【答案与解析】答案A。介词from”表示动作的出处、来源，而后面的介词宾语是“the MoscowMetro,可知Moscow Metro 是emerged”这一动作的起源地，因此，A选项符合原文的意思。How many family members of Anna are mentioned in the passage?A. Three.B. FourC. FiveD. Six【答案与解析】4.答案Co文中提到Politkovskaya姐妹俩，以及

22、她的父母、女儿。Which of the following words can best describe Politkovskaya s character?A. CuriousB. easy-going C. carelessD. responsible【答案与解析】 答案 Do 从 Politkovskaya was a special reporter for the small newspaper Novaya Gazeta ，”一直到文章的结尾，作者简述了Politkovskaya 敢于直面社会的不良现象的正值性格，而这是其他记者所不屑的，因此D选项是正确答案。A Southam

23、pton University team found that people who were vegetarians by 30 had recorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10. Researchers said it could explain why people with a higher IQ were healthier as a vegetarian diet was linked to lower heart disease and obesity rates. The study of 8,179

24、people was reported in the British MedicalJournal.Twenty years after the IQ tests were carried out in 1970, 366 of the participants said they were vegetarians although more than 100 reported eating either fish or chicken.Men who were vegetarians had an IQ score of 106, compared with 101 for non-vege

25、tarians; while female vegetarians averaged 104, compared with 99 for non-vegetarians. There was no difference in the IQ scores, between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.Researchers said the findings were partly related to better educatio

26、n and higher class, but it remained statistically significant after adjusting for these factors.Vegetarians were more likely to be female, to be of higher social class and to have higher academic or vocational qualifications than non-vegetarians. However, these differences were not reflected in thei

27、r annual income, which was similar to that of non-vegetarians.Lead researcher Catharine Gale said,“ The findings that children with greater intelligenceare more likely to report being vegetarians as adults, together with the evidence on the potential benefits of a vegetarian diet on heart health, ma

28、y help to explain why a higher IQ in childhood or adolescence is linked with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease in adult life.But Dr Frankie Phillips of the British Dietetic Association said ,佗 is like the chicken -and egg. Do people become vegetarians because they have a very high IQ or is it

29、 just that they are clever enough to be more aware of health issues?语篇解读研究表明，素食和高智商有一定的关系。What s the result of the research mentioned in the text?Intelligent children are more likely to become vegetarians later in life.Children with a higher IQ are less likely to have heart disease later in life.Int

30、elligent children tend to belong to higher social class later in life.Children with a healthier heart tend to have a higher IQ later in life.解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的people who were vegetarians by 30 had recordedfive IQ points higher on average at the age of 10 可知 A 项正确。根据 it could explain why. ” 可知这一结果可帮助解释

31、B项中的现象，但 B项并非这次研究的结果。故本题选Ao答案AIt was found in the research that.most of the participants became vegetarians 20 years after the IQ tests were carried outvegetarians who ate fish or chicken were of similar intelligence with strict vegetariansfemale vegetarians were more likely to have higher annual in

32、come than non-vegetariansvegetarians were more likely to have higher annual income than non-vegetarians解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的There was no difference in the IQ scores betweenstrict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken可知答案。答案BCatharine Gale talked about“ b

33、eing vegetarians “ in a(n)way.A. doubtfulB. favorableC. negativeD. objective解析推理判断题。根据第六段可知Catharine Gale只是客观地讲述研究结果，并没有 表示自己的立场。故选 D项。答案DWhat does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?Intelligence is linked to not just being a vegetarian but to many factors.The rate of getting heart d

34、isease is linked to your lifestyle.The link between a high IQ and being a vegetarian is still uncertain.The link between a healthy heart and diet remains to be proved.解析推理判断题。文章最后一句的意思是：人们成为素食者是因为他们智商高还是因 为他们足够聪明而更注意健康问题？由此可见 Dr Frankie Phillips认为素食和高智商的因果 关系尚未明确，就像弄不清楚是因为有蛋才有鸡，还是因为有鸡才有蛋一样。故C项正确。答案C

35、What s the best title for the text?Get more IQ points!Be a vegetarian, please!Vegetarian diet cuts heart riskA high IQ is linked to being a vegetarian解析标题概括题。本文介绍了一项研究结果：素食与高智商有关，故 D项正确。作 者并未提出建议，所以A、B两项错误；文章中虽然提到了心脏病，但不是文章的主旨，故 C项错误。答案D长难句解读(1) A Southampton University team found that people who we

36、re vegetarians by 30 had recorded five IQ points higher on average at the age of 10.本句是含有定语从句的复合句。who were vegetarians by 30是定语从句，修饰先行词people。(2)There was no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken.There was

37、no difference in the IQ scores between strict vegetarians and those 是主句, who said they were vegetarians but reported eating fish or chicken 是定语从句, 修饰先行词those4)Most mornings, the line begins to form at dawn: scores of silent women with babies on their backs, buckets balanced on their heads, and in ea

38、ch hand a bright-blue plastic jug. On good days, they will wait less than an hour before a water tanker goes across the dirt path that serves as a road in Kesum Purbahari, a slum on the southern edge of New Delhi. On bad days, when there is no electricity for the pumps, the tankers don come at all.

39、Thatwater kills people, “ a young mother named Shoba said one recent Saturday morning, pointing to a row of pails filled with thick, caramel (焦糖)-colored liquid. Whoever drinks it will die. The water was from a pipe shared by thousands of people in the poor neibourhood. Women often use it to wash cl

40、othes and bathe their children, but nobody is desperate enough to drink it.There is no standard for how much water a person needs each day, but experts usually put the minimum at fifty litres. The government of India promises (but rarely provides) forty. Most people drink two or three litres less th

41、an it takes to wash a toilet. The rest is typically used for cooking and bathing. Americans consume between four hundred and six hundred litres of water each day, more than any other people on earth. Most Europeans use less than half that. The women of Kesum Purbahari each hoped to drag away a hundr

42、ed litres that daytwo or three buckets worth. Shoba has a husband and five children, and that much water doesn t go far in a family of seven, particularly when the temperature reaches a hundred and ten degrees before noon. She often makes up the difference with bottled water, which costs more than w

43、ater delivered any other way. Sometimes she just buys milk; it s cheaper. Like thepoorest people everywhere, the people of New Delhi s slums spend a far greater percentage of their incomes on water than anyone lucky enough to live in a house connected to a system of pipes.The underlined word slum mo

44、st likely means.A. a village B. a small town C. an area of a town with badly-built, over-crowded buildingsD. the part of a town that lacks water badly【答案与解析】答案 Co A、B、D可以指贫穷地区，也可以指富裕地区，但根据第的第2句及第2段的最后一句可以知道slum指的更可能是贫穷地区，C选项比较接近这个意思，因此应该是最佳答案。Sometimes the water tanker doesn t come because.the weath

45、er is badthere is no electricitythere is no waterpeople don t want the dirty water【答案与解析】 答案 B。根据第 1 段的 On bad days, when there is no electricity for the pumps, the tankers don t come at all.可以知道 B选项是正确答案。A person needs at least litres of water a day.A. a hundredB. four hundredC. fortyD. fifty【答案与解析

46、】 答案 D。根据第 2 段的“but experts usually put the minimum at fifty litres下T以知道D选项是正确答案。Which of the following statements is wrong?a hundred litres of water a day is enough for Shoba s familyAmericans uses the largest amount of water each dayin Kesum Purbahari milk is cheaper than bottled waterShoba has a

47、family of seven people【答案与解析】 答案A。根据第2段的Shoba has a husband and five children, and that much water doesn t go far in a family of seven, particularly when the temperaturereaches a hundred and ten degrees before noon.可以判断 A 选项不符合文意，而其他选项均可在文中找到支持信息。The passage mainly tells us.how women in Kesum Purbah

48、ari gets their waterhow much water a day a person deedsthat India lacks water badlyhow India government manages to solve the problem of water【答案与解析】答案 Co该题是判断主旨大意题。第 2段第2句是该文的主题句，C选 项与主题句的意思一致，因此是正确选项。A、B选项是细节信息，用于村托印度缺水的现象；D选项则完全与文章的意思相反，因此均可排除。We bet that on cold wintry days, many of you love to s

49、tay in your warm home and, every now and then , come out into the kitchen for a snack. Unfortunately, plenty of creepy-crawly critters （爬行生物）like to do the same thing!Winter is the time when bugs （ 虫子）invade your house without an invitation. The season can be tough for such creatures. In winter the

50、air is cold, the ground is hard and many trees have no leaves. So bugs do what they have to do to survive.Monarch butterflies head south to warmer climates. Ants crowd in deep underground colonies and eat food they have been storing all year. Many insects go into a deep sleep called diapauses. There

51、 re different kinds of diapauses, but all are similar to hibernation, a time when bigger animals become inactive in the cold. Insects go into an inactive period, too, but it often isn t when the tempure drops.They rely on more dependable signals in the environment. For example, many insects can tell

52、 how much sunlight there s each day. They use that to tell themselves when to shut down. Bugs are cold-blooded, meaning that their inside temperature is the same as the outside. They can t move much when it gets below 40 degrees Fahrenheit. So they search for any warm place.They re looking for prote

53、ction. These guys have been doing this for 300 million years, so they don t really know they g retcoyKiiiuir house. The home is a recent event in terms of their evolutionary behavior. They enter through tiny cracks or come in unnoticed on yourclothes or shoes. Remember that they may be invading your

54、 homes for warmth and food, butthey dont care abohumans.语篇解读本文主要介绍的是：为什么虫子在冬天会入侵人类住所。What is the purpose of the first paragraph?To point out that humans like to stay at home in winter.To mean that humans and bugs have the same living habits.To mean that bugs will invade humans housewiotetti eiTo put

55、 forward the idea that bugs are not welcome in winter.解析推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，虫子和人类一样，也会喜欢待在温暖的屋里, 再结合文章的后面几段可知，本段暗示虫子在冬天会入侵人类住所。答案CAccording to the text, what is diapauses?It is the same as the animals hibernation.It often appears in warm areas all the year.It is done to keep bugs active in winter.It is

56、a deep sleep similar to hibernation.解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段可知答案为Do答案DWhat often decides bugs diapauses?The lower local temperature.The amount of sunlight.Kinds of environmental signals.The insects inside temperature.解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的Theyrely on more dependable signals in theenvironment可知，虫子的diapauses由多种环境可依

57、赖性因素决定的，不一定全靠温度或者光照。答案CAccording to the text, bugs invade humans homes to_attack humanslook for enough foodseek for protectionshow their evolutionary results解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，虫子进屋是为了寻求保护，把自己置身于 安全形势之下，而不仅仅是为了寻求食物。答案CWhat would be the best title for the text?Bugs life on cold wintry daysWhy do bugs

58、invade your home in winter?Good relations between humans and bugsWhat does diapauses mean?解析标题概括题。整篇文章主要告诉读者的是：在冬天里，为什么虫子会入侵人类的 住所。答案B长难句解读(1)There reifferent kinds of diapauses, but all are similar to hibernation ， a time when bigger animals become inactive in the cold.此句是but连接的并列复合句，but后的部分中a time

59、 hibernation的同位语，而且后面接了 when引导的定语从句。(2)Bugs are cold-blooded, meaning that their inside temperature is the same as the outside.句中的 meaning相当于 which means; meaning后接that引导的宾语从句，在此宾语从句中含有 the same as结构。One day last September, as Britney Spears was about to board a flight to LosAngeles from London, a b

60、lue bottle fell out of her purse. She quickly put it back in, but not before the camera recorded the event. Neither Spears nor her spokesman was willing to comment on the contents of the bottle, but the next morning London s DailyExpress published a page of pictures under the headline “EXCLUSIVE: PO