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1、daxue第一章daxuezhidaozai大学之道,在mingmingdezaixinminzaizhTyuzhi明明德,在亲民,在止于至shanzhizhierhouyou善。知止而后有dingdingerXE/aEhou后nengjingjingerhou能静,静而后nengananerhouneng能安宏而后能虑虑而luluerhouneng能dewuyoubenmo得。物有shiyouzhongshTzhisud事有终始,知所xianhou先后,则近道矣。zejindaoyTzhi:厶guzhiyuming古之欲明ming明deyutianxiazhexianzhiqi德于天下者,先
2、治其guoyu国;欲qiguozhexian其国者,先qijiayuqiqijiazhexianxiuqiqi齐其家;欲齐其家者,先修其shenyuxiuqishen身;欲修其身zhexianzhengqixinyuzhengqixlnzhexian者,先正其心;欲正其心者,先chengqiyiyuchengqiyizhexianzhiqizhizhizhizaigewu诚其意歛诚其意者,先致其知教知在格物。wugeer物格而houzhizhizhizhier后知至,知至而houyichengyichengerhouxin意诚,意诚而后心zhQngxin正,心zhengerhoushenxiu
3、正而后身修,shen身xiuer修而houjiaqijiaqi后家齐,家齐 erhougu6zhiguozhierhocitianxiaping而后国:厶g/国治而后天下平%ZItianZlyTzhiyushurenyishijieyixiushenwei天子以至于庶人吉是皆以修身为benqibeniluanermozhizhefouyiqisudhouzhebo本o其本乱/而末:厶,口者,否矣。M所厚者薄,erqisudb6zh(bhouweizhiyouyye而其所薄者厚,未之有也!第二章k6ng康gao诰yuekemingde日:“克明德。Vjiayue大甲日:taigushi“顾謹ti
4、anzhiming天之明didianyueming命。”帝典日:keming“克明Jiejunde峻德。”皆、Zlming明ye也。第三章xin新。tang汤zhi之kang”康panming盘铭gaoyue诰日:yuegou日:“苟zudxinminrixinri新,日shiyue“作新民。”诗日rixin日新,zhouXJIU虽旧suibangqfmingweixlnshigujunzTwusudbuyongqiji邦,其命惟新。”是故君子无所不用其极。第四章shiyunbangjiqianliweiminsudzhTshi诗云:“邦畿干里,惟民所止。”诗yunmianmanhuangni
5、aozhTyuqiuyuzTyueyuzhT云:“缗蛮黄鸟,止于丘隅。”子日:“于止,zhiqisudzhTkeyTrenerburuniaohushiyunmu知其所止,可以人而不如鸟乎!”诗云:“穆muwenwangwujixijingzhTweirenjunzhTyuren穆文王,於缉熙敬止!”为人君,止于仁;wei6nchenzhTyujingwei6nzTzhTyuxiaoweirenfuzhT为人臣,止于敬;为人子,止于孝;为人父,止yuciyu于慈;与gu6renjiaozhTyuxinshiyunzhanbTqiyu人交,止于信。诗云:“瞻彼淇澳,luzhuyi箓竹猗猗。yiy
6、oufeijunzTruqierucuoruzhuo有斐君子,如切如磋,如琢rumo如磨。sexixianxi瑟兮倘兮満兮喧兮。有斐君子,终不可證xi兮!zhe者zihexixuanxiyoufeijunzTzhongburuqierucud如切如磋者,道学也;如琢kexuanzhedaoxueyeruzhuorusexixianximo如磨xiuye修也;瑟兮倘兮J恂慄也;赫兮喧yehexixuanzheweiyiyeyoufeijunzTzhongbukexuanxixi兮”者,威仪也;有斐君子,终不可證兮”zhedao者道shengdezhi盛德至shanminzhibu善,民之不nen
7、gwang能忘yeshiyun也。诗云:wuhu“於戏qian!前wdng王zTxianqibuwangjun不忘。”君子贤其xianerqlnqi贤而亲其qinxiao亲f小renleqileershibuwangye人乐其乐而利其利,此以没世不忘也。qtcTyTmo第五章zTyuetingsongwuyourenyebiyeshiwus&nghu子日:“听讼,吾犹人也必也使无讼乎卩wuqingzhebudejinqicidaweiminzhicTweizhiben无情者不得尽其辞,大畏民志,此谓知本。弟八早sudweizhizhizaigewuzheyanyuzhiwuzhizhizaij
8、i所谓致知在格物者,言欲致吾之知,在即wuerqiongqiITyegairenxinzhilingmobuyouzhiertian物而穷具理也。盖人心之灵,莫不有知;而天xiazhiwumobuyouITweiyuITyouweiqi6ngguqizhi下之物,莫不有理。惟于理有未穷,故具知youbujinyeshiyTdaxueshTjiaobishTxuezhejifantian有不尽也。是以大学始教,必始学者即凡天xiazhiwumobubiyinjTzhizhiITeryiqiongzhiyTqiu下之物,莫不必因己知之理而益穷之,以求zhihuqijizhiyu至乎其极。至于yon
9、g用lizhijiueryidan力之久,而一旦hudranguan豁然贯tongyanze通焉,则zhong众wu物之zhibiao表里.iing精daoerwuxlnzhitTdacuwubu粗无不到,而吾quan全体大y6ngwubu用无不ming明y矣。clweiwugecTwei此谓物格,此谓zhiye知之至也。zhizhi第七章yizhewuziqlyeruwuechouruhaosudweichengqi所谓诚其意者:毋自欺也如恶恶臭如好feigan肺肝ranzeheyi然,则何益yyi矣。Cl此weicheng谓yuzhong于中,xing形waigujOnzibi故君子必sh
10、enqi其duye也。zengZIyue日shimusudshishishousudzhTqiyanhu“十目所视,十手所指,其严乎de!”富润屋,德furunwuhaoseclzhiweiXZIqiegujunzibishenqiduyeXIQO好色,此之谓谦,故君子必慎其独也!小renxianjuweibu:shanWUsudbuzhijianjunzTerhouyan人闲居为不善,无所不至,见君子而后厌ranyanqibushanerzhuqfshanrenzhishiZXjirujianqi然,掩其不善而著其善。人之视己,如见其runshenxlnguangtTpangujunzTbi
11、chengqiyi润身,心广体胖,故君子必诚其意。第八章SUOweixiushenXzaizhengqfxinzhezheshenyousudfen所谓修身在正其心者,者身有所忿zhizebudeqizhlengyousudkongXJUzebudeqizheng11,则不得其正;有所恐惧,则不得其正;yousudhaolezebudeqizhengyousudyouhuanzebude有所好乐,则不得其正;有所忧患,则不得qizhengxinbuzaiyanshierbujiantingerbuw6nshier其正。心不在焉,视而不见,听而不闻,食而buzhiqiweicTweixiushe
12、nzaizhengqixin不知具味。此谓修身在正其心。第九章sudweiqiqijiazaixiuqishenzherenzhiqisudqln所谓齐其家在修其身者,人,之其所亲aierpiyanzhiqisudjianwuerpiyanzhiqisudweijing爱而辟焉,之其所贱恶而辟焉,之其所畏敬erpiyanzhiqisudaijinerpiyanzhiqisudaoduder而辟焉,之其所哀矜而辟焉,之其所敖惰而piyanguhaoerzhiqiewuerzhiqimeizhetianxia辟焉。故好而知其恶,恶而知其美者,天下xianyiguyan鲜矣!故谚youzhiyuem
13、ozhiqizTzhiemozhi有之日:“人莫知其子之恶,莫知qimiaozhishud其苗之硕。cTweishenbuxiubukeyTqiqijia”此谓身不修不可以齐其家。第十章sudwei所谓zhiguobixianqiqijiazheqijiabuke治国必先齐其家者具家不可jiaoer教,而neng能zhewuzhigujunzTbuchujiaerchengjiaoren教人者,无之。故君子不出家而成jiaoyu教于xiaozhesudyTshijunyetizhesudyTshizhangyeguo国:孝者,所以事君也;弟者,所以事长也;cizhesudyTshTzhongy
14、e慈者,所以使众也。kanggao康诰qiuzhisui求之,虽yuerubaochizTxincheng日:“如保赤子心诚buzhongbuyuanyiweiyouxueyangzTerhoujiazheyye不中不远矣。未有学养子而后嫁者也!yijiarenyiguoxlngrenyijiarangyiguoxingrangyi家仁,一兴仁;国兴让;6ntdnli人贪戾,yiguozudluan一国作乱。zVruciZ-qiji其机如此。cTweiyi此谓一yan言shiyirenf6n债事,一人dingguoyaoshunshuaitianxia定国。尧舜率天下以仁,而minzhoush
15、uaitianxiayTbaoermincongcongzhijie从之;桀.纣率天下以暴,而民从zhiqi之;其sud所sudhaoerminbulingfanqi令反其所好,而民不c6ngshigujunzT从。是故君子you有zhu诸erhouqiuzhurenwuzhuJI己而后求诸人,无诸zierhoufeizhurensudcdng己而后非诸人。所hushen身bushuer不恕,而6nzheweizhiyouyegunengyuzhu能喻诸人者,未之有也。故zhi込,口guo国%zaizzqiqijia在齐其家。shi诗yun云:zhenzhiyZlyotdozhiyaoyaoq
16、iyezhen“桃之夭夭,其叶藁蕖;之子于guiyi归,宜qf其yiqijiarenerhoukeyTjiaoguorenshi诗yun云jiaren家人宜其家人,而后可以教国人。xiongyidi兄宜弟”宣yixiong兄yidierhoukeyT宜弟,而后可以%jiao教renguo国人。shiyunqiyibu云:“其仪不zhengshi正是siguo四国。”weifuzTqi其为父子xiong兄弟Jiaguozaiqiqi国在齐其家。dizufaerhouminfazhiyecTweizhi足法,而后民法之也。此谓治第十章 sudweipingtianxiazaizhiqi所谓平天下在
17、治其guo国zheshanglao者:上老Idoermin老而民xingxiaoshangzhangzhangermin兴孝,上长而民xingshangxuguerti弟,上恤孤而minbubei民不倍,shiyTjunzT是以君子you有xiejuzhi絮矩之dao道ye也。sudwuyushangwuyT所恶于上,毋以shTxia使下;xiawuyTshishangsudwuyuqianwuyTxianhoujiao交sudwuyu所恶于下,毋以事上;所恶于前,毋以sudwuyu;所恶于yuzudsudwu于左;所恶VJU矩之道。zhidaoshi诗haohaozhihouwuyTcong
18、qian后,毋以从前sudwuyuyouwuyT;所恶于右,毋以yuzud于左,毋以交于右:wuyTjiaoyuyouclzhiweixie絮lezhijunzTminzhTfumuyun云:“乐只君子,民之父母。minzhisudwuwuzhicTzhiweiminsud好好之,民之所恶恶之,此之谓shiyunJiebTnanshanweishiyanyan诗云:“节彼南山,维石岩岩。minzhi”民之所zhifumu民之父母。heheshiyYn赫赫师尹,youguozhebukeyTbushenpizeweitianminjuerzhan民具尔瞻。”有国者不可以不慎孵则为天shiyuny
19、TnzhiweixialuyT下够矣。诗云:“殷之未sangshikepei丧师,克配shangdiyf上帝。仪junjianyuyin监于殷,峻mingbuyi命不易。dao道de得zhong众/ze则得deguoshi国;失zhong众,zeshiguo国。shigujun是故君子Zlxian先shenhu慎de乎德。decTyou有德此yourenyouren有人,有人cTyou此有tuyoucTyecaiyou土,有土此有caicTyouyongdezhebencaiyou财,有财此有用。德者,本zhemoyewaibQnneimozhengmfnshiduoshigucai也;财者,
20、末也。外本内末,争民施夺。是故财宝,惟善以为宝。”舅犯日:“亡人无以为juzeminsancaisanzeminjijshiguyanbeierchuzheyi聚则民散,财散则民聚。是故言悖而出者,亦beierruhudbeierruzheyibeierchu悖而入;反悖而入者,亦悖而出。kdnggaoyueweimingbuyuchangdaoshanzede康诰日:“傕命不于常!”道善则得zhibusharizeshizhiyichushuyuechuguc)wuyTwei之,不善则失之矣。楚书日:“楚国无以为baoweishan、/Tweibao%JIUfanyuewdng6nwuyTw
21、eibaorenqinyTweibaoqinshiyuerudyouyige宝,仁亲以为宝秦誓日:“若有一个chenduanduanxlwujiqixlnxiuxiuyanqiruyourong容yanrenzhiyoujirud焉。人之有技,若xzJI己youzhirenzhiyanshengqixin有之;人之彦圣其心haozhibuchirudziqi之,不啻若自其kouchushinengrongzhiyTnengbao出埋能容之,以能保wo我youlizairenzhiyoujimaozTsunliminshangyi子孙黎民,尚亦有利哉!人之有技,娼ZXZjiyi疾以恶wuzhi之
22、;人之zhiyanshengerweizhibTbutongshibu彦圣,而违之俾不通,龛不nengrong能容,yTbuneng以不能baowozTsunliminyiyuedaizai保我子孙黎民,亦日殆哉!”weirenren唯仁人fangliuzhi放renbingzhusi流之,逬诸!1!yibuyut6ngzhongguo夷,不与同中国ciweiweio此谓唯weineng为能diren爰人,nengwujianxianerbunengju能恶人见贤而不能举,VJU举而erbun6ng不能xianming先/命yejianbushanerbunengtuituier也;见不善而不能退,退而臣,断断兮无他技,其心休休焉,其如有bunengyuanguoyehaorenzhisudwuwurenzhisudhaoshi不能远,过也。好人之所恶忌人之所好,是weifurenzhixing之性zaibidaifushen螯必逮夫身。shigujunzi是故君子yo
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