2022年中考英语定宾状三大从句课件(共38张PPT)

1、 2022年中考英语状宾定三大从句复习 （冲刺版） 2022. 5.25 三大从句考点概览辽宁2019-2021 宾语从句考情概览语序时态(3次)；语序引导词(2021.9)；语序主语单复数；引导词和语序(2020.10)和完形填空中考查宾语从句的引导词(2020.19)。 宾从在句中位置熟记例动词常接宾语从句的动词agree, explain, know, suggest建议, believe, feel, say, think, complain抱怨, decide, doubt, find, guess, hear, hope, know, point out指出, realize意识到

2、, remember, show, suppose假设, suspect怀疑, tell Can you imagine how much he paid for that?I expect that the weather will be fine. 动词+介词 Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?动词短语keep in mind, make sure, make up ones mindMake sure that you get here before noon.Keep in mind that you sho

3、uld turn off the light when you leave.keep in mind, make sure, make up ones mind 形式宾语itbelieve, consider, find, feel, make, think后接宾语从句，用it做形式宾语I think it necessary that we read some books every day.1 feel it a pity that I havent been to the party. 介词一般wh-从句besides, but, except可以接that从句They are talk

4、ing about what happened yesterday.I dont know what he looks like, except that hes very tall. 形容词 sorry,sure,afraid,glad,happy,pleased, satisfied, surprised, certainI am glad that all of you have arrived at the place on time.Its too late. I am afraid that cant catch the train.宾语从句的语序宾语从句用陈述语序：主语在前，谓语

5、在后Do you know where he lives?Can you tell me how I can get to the underground station?当特殊疑问词充当宾从主语时，不需要改变语序。I just want to know who did it. 宾语从句为whats wrong/the matter/the trouble/the problem, 语序不变I didnt know what was the matter.宾语从句的时态主句一般过去时从句时态用相应的过去时态Tom told me (that) Peter had gone to the air

6、port.I heard (that) he Would give us a talk.I was pleased that my father helped those people.主句一般现在时或一般将来时从句时态无需改变I dont know that Tom has been here for two days.I will take back what I said.Im sorry (that) I will trouble you.宾语从句是客观真理或规律时，用一般现在时，不受主句影响Our teacher said that January_(be) the first mo

7、nth of the year.Tom told me that the earth _(go)around the sun.宾语从句的连接词从属连词that宾语从句为陈述句，that可省略，语法词，没有实际意义He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.I am sure (that) he will succeed.I believe (that) you have done your best.连词if/whether宾语从句为一般疑问句，“是否”I want to know if/whether he lives there.He asked me

8、 if/whether I could help him.只用whether不用ifwhetheror notI dont know whether he will come or not.介词+whetherWe are talking about whether we will go there tomorrow.whether to doWe havent decided whether to go there tomorrow.whether从句位于句首Whether they will attend the meeting, I dont care.连接代词who, whom, wh

9、ose, what， which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whosever, whatever, whicheverDo you know whom they are playing with?He asked me whose English was the best in our class.He asked who could do it by himself.Do you know what they are doing there?连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever, whereverCan you tell m

10、e where the nearest supermarket is?Do you know when the train leaves?宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think, expect, believe, guess, imagine, suppose等从句否定要转移到主句I dont believe he will come here on time.（）I believe he wont come here on time.（）宾语从句的简化及特殊情况宾从和主句主语一致主句谓语为agree, decide, hope, wishWe have decided that we

11、will go there by air.We have decided_I hope that I will hear from you soon.I hope_forget, know, learn, rememberI forget which bus I should take.I forget which bus _seemIt seems that he is a very nice person.He _ a very nice person.宾语从句简化成名词或短语I dont believe what he told me.=I dont believe _.suggest：

12、建议 suggest doing接宾语从句(should)+动词原形We suggest (that) he (should) go on a diet.辽宁2019-2021 状语从句考情概览引导时间状语从句的连词：while(2019.12)，before(2019.15)；引导条件状语从句的连词：unless(2021.9)；引导原因状语从句的连词：because(2020.24)引导让步状语从句的连词although(2020.8)。时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon

13、as连词来引导。It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示

14、将来的动作或状态。Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?Dont leave the building unless I tell you to.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状

15、态。Ill help you with your English if I am free tomorrow.He wont be late unless he is ill.(3)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。 Study hard and you will pass the exam. = If you study hard, you will pass the exam.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as引导。He didnt come to school because he was ill

16、.As it is raining, we shall not go the zoo.Since you cant answer the question, Ill ask someone else.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。Why arent going there? -Because I dont want to.As he has no car, he cant get there

17、 easily.Since we have no money, we cant buy it.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由sothat, suchthat, so that引导。He is so poor that he cant buy a bike for his son.She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.(2)sothat语such.that可以互换。在由so.that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “.so + 形容词（副词）+ that

18、 + 从句”。例如：The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.在由suchthat引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.（天花板）有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。It was s

19、uch a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.=The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again.(3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses.He has so little time that he cant go to the cinema（去看电影） w

20、ith you.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由asas, 比较级 + than等连词引导。Tom runs faster than John does.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that（为了，以便）引导。We started early so that we could catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)s

21、o that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though(尽管，虽然）等连词引导。Though he is young, he knows a lot.Al

22、though I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。并且句子中不能再用but。我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining hard, he still went out.或者：It was raining hard, but he still went out.（二者单独用，但是汉语翻译的时候，可以把but的含义“但是”翻译出来）地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Whe

23、re there is a will, there is a way.总结时间状语从句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once（一旦）地点状语从句where, wherever 原因状语从句because, since, as, for, now that（既然，由于）目的状语从句in order that(为了，以便), so that结果状语从句sothat, so that, suchthat, that条件状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as让步状语从句though, although,

24、 even if, even though, however, whatever比较状语从句asas, soas, than 方式状语从句as, as if, as though辽宁2019-2021 定语从句考情概览 沈阳近3年中考真题虽未考查过定语从句，但它是课标要求学生理解的内容。定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定

25、语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。关系词及分类关系词用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.（that作主语）The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如

26、：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.（作主语）The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. （作宾语）3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.（作主语）Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to

27、？（作宾语） 注意（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是

28、你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。注意（4）. 关系词只能用that的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， no

29、ne， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。注意d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：I can remember well the per

30、sons and some pictures that I saw in the room.e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：Wha

31、ts that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。关系副词用法关系副词：在句中作状语 关系副词=介词+关系代词 why=for which where=in/ at/ on/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) when=during/

32、 on/ in/ . which (介词同先行词搭配) （1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。三大从句真题练习1. (2019重庆)-Dear

33、friends, do you still remember _three years ago? -To realize our dreams.A.why you came here B. why did you come hereC.how you came here D. how did you come here2.(2019南京)-I wonder_ -Someone who can make a better person.A. when you often meet your friends B. how you make your friends happyC. who you

34、want to make friends with D. where you spend weekends with friends3.(2019成都)-Could you please tell me_? -Sure. On Friday afternoon.A. where the book sale is B.when the book sale is C.what the book sale is about D. that the book sale is4. (2020青岛)-Could you tell me _tomorrow? -It will be sunny.A. wha

35、t will the weather be like B. what the weather will be likeC.When will the weather be sunny D. when the weather will be sunny5.(2019黄冈)-I dont know _during the summer vacation. Do you have any advice? -How about visiting Beijing International Horticultural Expo?A. what should I do B. when should I g

36、o C.what I should do D.when I should go6. (2019北京)-Did you notice_in her office? -Yes. She was going over our writing.A. what was Miss Lin doing B. what Miss Lin was doingC.what does Miss Lin do D. what Miss Lin does7. (2019天津)-Could you tell me _for the fruit? -By paying over the Internet.A. how mu

37、ch will I pay B. how much I will payC.how will I pay D. how I will pay8. (2020广东)Have you decided _the Expo 2019 Beijing? This summer holiday.A. how are you going to B. how you are going to C.when are you going to D.when you are going to9.(2019山西)-Some schools have used smart uniforms. I wonder _. -

38、They can tell parents where their children are.A. who invented them B. what they are used for C.when students wear them D. that they used for10.(2019福建)We dont know_, but it tells us the importance of the friendship.A. what the story is about B. whether the story is true C. when did the story take p

39、lace D. where it take place11.(2019扬州)-Kate, do you know_? -Im not sure. Maybe a Bird-watching Society worker.A. where can I watch birds B. what is the man with a camera.C.where I can watch birds D. what the man with a camera is12. (2020泰州)-Next Friday is my mothers birthday. Im thinking about _. -G

40、ood boy! And please give my best wishes to her.A. what present I gave her B. how I can give her a surpriseC. if I planned a party for her D. where will my family have a big deal13. (2021宿迁)-What did Mr. Wang ask you just now? -He asked me _yesterday afternoon.A. why I am absent from school B.why I w

41、as absent from schoolC.why am I absent from school D.why was I absent from school14(2019临沂).Are babies carefree?A new study from the US says that 2-year-old babies care about_.A. how others saw them B.how do others see themC.how others see them D. what others see them15. (2019滨州)-Could you tell me _

42、? -Sure. Go down the streets, you can find it at the second crossing.A. where is the supermarket B.where the supermarket isB. when does the supermarket open D. when the supermarket opens ACBBC BDDBB DBBCB 1. (2019广东)Not all children _watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become inte

43、rested in science.A. whom B. which C. who D. whose2. (2020河南)-Do you know the boy over there? -The one _is holding a ball? Oh, thats my neighbor Phil.A. what B. which C. who D. whose3. (2021福建)Du Fuguo is a hero _is known to millions of Chinese people.A. who B. which C. what D. whose4. (2019成都)-The

44、boy _lost is crying there. -How do you know he gets lost?A. whose B. who C. whos D. what5. (2019长沙)China is getting better at making hi-tech products _can be bought in all parts of the world.A. who B. which C. what D. whose6. (2019黄冈)-Tomorrow is Fathers Day. Whats your surprise for your father? -The first thi