短文改错形容词副词解析及练习上课讲义

1、短文改错专题（一）形容词和副词、考点聚焦1、形容词、副词的语法作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。视觉成像以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；（1）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。aIanguagedifficulttomaster,aleaningtowerabout180feethigh（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleepawakealive等）作定语，定语后置。如amanalive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill

2、只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词oneno、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。（5）enough修饰名词前置，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置（6）形容词变副词：规则例外：不规则变化（9个）goodgoodmanysuchearlyenoughnofastrightpretty（7）特殊形容词副词下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：li

3、vely、Ionely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。表愿意（无-ly）和引申意（有-ly）的副词：deep深wide宽广high高low位置低deeply深入地1widely广泛地highly高度地Llowly地位卑微有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对bedeadasleepdeadly非常bedeadlytiredpretty相当beprettycertainthatprettily漂亮地beprettilydressedclose近Dontsitclose.closely密切地Watch

4、closely!late晚、迟arrivelate,comelatelately最近Ihaventseenhimlately(recently).hardhardly3、形容词和副词的比较等级原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级形容词/副词+as的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“notso(as)原级形容词/副词+as的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用倍数+as+原级形容词/副词+as的结构。如：XiaoWangisastallasXiaoYu.Thisbuildinglooksnotso(as)highasthato

5、ne.MissXuspeaksEnglishasfluentlyasyou.Thisroomisthreetimesaslargeasthatone.比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。比较级的用法。对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用比较级+than的结构表示。如:Thispictureismorebeautifulthanthatone.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级+than的结构表示。如：Thisroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.比较级构成视觉成像表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表

6、示程度的状语，如even、alot、abit、alittle、still、much、far、yet、byfar等修饰。修饰比较级如：Heworksevenharderthanbefore.Hefoundhegot2cmhigherthanoneyearbeforewhenhemeasuredhimselfyesterday.Marykeptweighingherselftoseehowmuchshewasgetting.注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可有更”。女口：Sheisbetterthanshewasyesterda

7、yPleasecomeearliertomorrow.比较级的特殊结构另注意：byfar通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the。如：Heistallerbyfarthanhisbrother.Heisbyfarthetallerofthetwobrothers.表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the+比较级（主语+谓语），the+比较级（主语+谓语）”的结构（意为越越”）。如：Theharderheworks,thehappierhefeels.不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用比较级+and+比较级”的结构。如：Theweathe

8、risgettingcolderandcolder.Thegirlbecomesmoreandmorebeautiful.某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用to代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。HeissuperiortoMr.Zhanginchemistry.在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that（those）one（ones代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只能代替可数名词

9、。Thebookonthetableismoreinterestingthantha或theone）onthedesk.Aboxmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.倍数表达法。Aisthree(four,etcjtimesthesize(height,length,depth,width,size,weightetcjofB.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)。Thenewbuildingisfourtimesthesize(theheight)oftheoldone这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍(高三倍)。Aisthree(four,etc.)timesas

10、big(high,long,etc.)asB.AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope亚洲比欧洲大三倍。Aisthree(four,etc.)timesbigger(higher,longer,etc.)thanB.Yourschoolisthreetimesbiggerthanours你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.比较级与否定词连用表示最高级意义tseensuchabetteronebefore.tseensuchabetteronebefore.D.better-Whatdoyouthinkofhe

11、rperformanee-Shecouldntbehavebetter./Ihaven-Howdoyoulikethemovie?-Itcan最高级的用法。三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.Howmuchdidthesecondmostexpensivehatcost?Heisthetallest(boy)inhisclass.最咼级完整结构：(7)重要的词语辨析ago、before,ago表示以

12、现在为起点的以前”before指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的以前”泛指以前”用before而不用ago。already、yet、still,already表示某事已经发生；yet表示期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。too、also、either,too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示身体状况好”也作副词修饰动词。本次课重点视觉成像课堂练习真题演练MyfriendNicktoldmeastoryabouthisexperieneeba

13、ckintheUS,whichwasveryinterested.（10全国）IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.（12全国）Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.（2012陕西）WheneverIthinkoftheolddays,Ifeelveryhappily.（2012重庆）Thefruitsaresmallinsize,butjuicyandtaste.（2014全国）Wearegrowingwonderfullytomatoesatnocost

14、!（2014全国）Soreallyfriendshipshouldbeabletostandallsortsoftests.（2014国大纲）Myunclesimmediatejumpedupandshottheirarrowsatthebird.（2014陕西）Lotsofstudieshaveshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaseriouslyproblem.（2015全国）Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.（2015全国I）DadandIwereterribleworried.（2015全国II）ItsbeenthreeSa

15、turdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.（2四15）Icouldeasyseethefootballfield.（2015浙江）Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld.SoIdecidetoaskherforhelp.（15陕西）Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.（2015陕西）Interesting,ithadaconnectionwiththeBritishporcelainindustry.（2013全国II）Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.（2013全国I）Wh

16、entheteacherasksusverydifficultyquestions,Ithinkquicklydndlstandtoanswer.（2013全国）NangisaspeciallykindofcakeinXinjiang.（2011全国卷1）20.Ifyoudliketomakeatriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbebetterthanhappytobeyourguide.（2011全国卷2）Instead,hehopesthathisbusinesswillgrowsteady（.2016全国卷1）Atonetime,Ievenfeltmyparentsco

17、uldntunderstandmesoIhopedIcouldbefreelyfromthem.（2016全国卷3）Theywerealsothebestandworseyearsinmylife.（2016全国卷3）能力提升1.Foronereason,whatyouarestudyingisbadneedednowadaysinourcountry.Ihadtotryhardlynottolaughathershockedface!It,ofcourse,willbebeneficiallytoyourunderstandingoftheChineselanguage.Whenshedro

18、ppedmeoff,Ipulledoutthetoyslowandgaveitback.Sincehisfamilywasrichthanmine,hehadmoretoysthanIdid.Unfortunate,theproblemwasthejourneyhome.Theassistantwasclearlyasembarrassingasmysister,butIjustthoughtitwasfunny!Somepeopleareagainsttheplan,butmuchmoresupportit.Bettystoodcloselytoherteacherandwatchedclo

19、selywhathewasdoing.10.Illalsodoplentyofexercise,whichwontdomeanyharmtoo.WheneverIthinkoftheolddays,Ifeelveryhappily.Youwontbeabletogetanyfartherinformationuntiltomorrow.WhenIcamebackintothehouse,itwasrainingmoreharderandharder.14.Ifallthepeopledrivesuchcarsinthefuture,therewillbefewerpollutioninthea

20、ir.HeknewsuchlittleFrenchthathecouldntmakehimselfunderstood.Somepeopleonlineshoppingismoreconvenientandthegoodsarecheap.Johnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyesopening.Everyonetriedtheirbesttoreachthetopofthehillasfasterastheycould.ThismorningonmywaytoschoolIwasdeepmovedbywhatIsawoutsideabank.The

21、oldmancountedthemoneyagainandfoundthatnotasinglebillwasmissed.Somestudentsmaywonderwhy,astheythinkbeingateacherishardwhilethepayislittle.22.Insize,NewZealandisbiggerthanGuangdongProvince,yethasamuchsmallpopulation.Inaddition,havingaglimpseofthevividpicturesandlivingvideosontheInternetcontributestore

22、gainingmyenergy.Itisabeautifulcar,butitisnotworthythepricethatIpaidforit.ThatwhyanAmericangetsuneasywhenalistenerissileneeandshownochangeofexpression.Heispossibletocometohelpusifhedoesnthavetoattendthemeeting.MaybeIfeelcomfortableandrelaxedintotallydarkness.Roadsafetyhasarousedthewidelyattentionofth

23、epublic.Itiswhatwehaveexperieneedalongthewaytosuccessthatwetreasureandenjoymostly.Theinternetalsohasbadeffectsonpeople,speciallyonteenagers.课后作业：语法填空练习十Enoughsleepisimportanttohealth.Theamountofsleepneeded1ontheageofthepersonandtheconditionsin2sleeptakesplace.Theyoungmayneedmoresleepthan3old,butusua

24、llyeighthoursareenoughforthehealthofgrown-ups.Somecandowith4thanthisamount,butothersmayneedmore.Everypersonknowshisownneed.5isthenamatterofgoodjudgmenttosatisfyhisneed.Sleep6alwaysbeenoughtomakeonebringbackhis7(strong)andgetreadyforadayswork.Freshairisnecessarytosoundsleep.Soitisnotwithoutreasonfors

25、omepeople8thinkthatitispracticabletosleepintheopenair.Abathatbedtime,9hotnorcoolbutofbodytemperature,maybehelpfultosleep.Sleepproducingdrug帮助睡眠的药物)shouldneverbetakenexceptwhen10(suggest)byadoctor.语法填空练习一Iaskedmyuncle,whoplays1pianowell,2hewouldassess评定）thetoneofasecond-handpianoIwashopingtobuy.Wearr

26、ived3thehouseandUncleFranklookedthepianoover,then（sit）downandplayedamixtureofhonky-tonknumbersandclassicalpieces.Whenhefinished,wetoldthefamilythatwewouldcallin15minutes.Outside,UncleFranksaidthat6thewoodwasbatterec坏掉的）,thesoundwasgoodandweshouldbuyit.WhenIphonedthewomanback,shesoundedasifshewascryi

27、ng.Concerned,Iasked,“Whatsthe7?”“Wedidntknowthepiano8playlikethat,”shereplied.pianowasnt9sale,and10daughterhadtoresdim新开始）takingpianolessons.语法填空练习十二lateand3gethomeuntil7or8oclockatnight.MostNorthAmericanfamiliesdonthavetimetoprepareameal.Thatis4fastfoodissopopularinNorthAmerica.People5about40%ofthe

28、irdollarsonfastfood.Peopleusuallybuyfastfoodfromrestaurantchains6theycanenjoypizza,sandwichesandsoon.Fastfoodsavesworkandtime,butitisnot7(nutrition).Americanfast-foodcompaniesnowhaverestaurantsallovertheworld.Butnot8ishappyaboutthespread展tliketheideaofmorefastfoodchains10(open)restaurantsintheircoun

29、try.短文改错【2012全国新课标】IlearnedearlyinlifethatIhadtobemorepatientandlittleaggressive.FromthetimeIwasaboutfouruntilIwasaboutsix,Idestroyedeachofmytoy.Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingsdidwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit.Forawhileparentsboughtmenewtoys.Butbeforelongtheybegantoseewhichwashappening.WhenItear

30、apartmyfifthbirthdaytoytrain,myfathersaid,Thatsit.Nomoretoystoyou.Mypunishmentlastedayear.Meanwhile,IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImustmakemytoystolast.Myattitudechangedfromthenon.【2012陕西卷】MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenwevisitBeijinglastmonth.Itisinthedowntownarea,butitiseasytogoto

31、anywherefromthehotelbypublictransport.Welivedinacomfortablydouble-roomwithabigbath.WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectionintheroom.Icheckedmyemailmessageseveryday.IalsosharedformyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.Itis

32、suchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhoisgoingtoBeijing.【2012浙江卷】Twoyearsbefore,ItraveledtoBrazilandIrentedforacar.Unfortunate,Ihadanaccidentandhitanothercar,andIneededtostayinahospitalforatleasttwoweek.1calledmyparents,soIdidnottellthemwhathadhappened.Iknewthattheywillbeworriedaboutmy

33、selfbecauseIwassofartheraway,andthatmymotherwouldnotsleepifsheknew.Therefore,ItoldtheminterestedstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazilAsaresult,nobodyknewtruth.Istillthinkthatitwastherightthingtodo.形容词副词答案2.little-ess2.little-ess真题演练1.interested-nterestingcomfortably-comfortablehappilyappytaste-astywonderf

34、ully-vonderfulreally-realimmediate-immediatelyseriously-seriousMuch-Manyspeciallyspecialsteadysteadilyworseworst能力提升bad-badlyhardly-hardbeneficially-beneficialslow-slowlyrich-richerUnfortunate-Unfortunatelyembarrassing-embarrassedmuch-many17.opening-openfaster-fastdeep-deeplymissed-missing21.little-

35、lowsmall-smaller23.living-liveworthy-worthsilence-silentpossible-likelytotally-totalwidely-widemostly-mostspecially-especiallyterrible-terriblymany-mucheasy-easilybetter-bestwell-good16.Interesting-Interestinglymuch-welldifficulty-difficultbetter-more22.freelyfreeclosely-closetoo-eitherhappily-happy

36、farther-furthermore删掉fewer-lesssuch-socheap-cheaper语法填空练习九1it2wasgiven3ages4no5how6a7than8especially9with10more语法填空练习十1depends2which3the4less5It6should7strength8to9neither10suggested语法填空练习十一1the2whether/if3at4sat5them6though/although7matter/trouble8could/should9for10her语法填空练习十二1a2after3don4twhy5spend6where/and7nutritious8everyone/everybody9against10opening【答案】little-less【解析】根据文意：我不得不多一些耐心而少一些挑衅性。此处less修饰形容词。【考点定位】考查副词的用法。【答案】toytoys【解析】根据eachof可知，应该是我的玩具中的每一个，故用复数形式toys。【考点定位】考查名词的单复数形式。【答案】didwent或者did后加go【解析】考查