2022年16种英语时态总结归纳

1、16 种英语时态总结归纳 时态（ Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式；因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的 是相应时态下的动词形式；英语时态分为 16 种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进 行时；现在一般进行完成完成进行时一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行 时现在将来一般现在将来时现在将来进行时现在将来完成时现在将来完成进行过去将来一般过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成 时过去将来完成进行时时态和语态助动词 将来： willwould/shallshould+do 完成

2、： havehas, had+done 进行： be is, am, are, was, were, been, being+doing 被动： be is, am, are, was, were, been, being+done 现在完成进行时：他在这儿住了 5 年了；（） He has been living here for 5 years. 5 年了；（） He has lived here for 5 years. 现在完成时：他在这儿住了 现在完成时：我的作业已经完成；（） My homework has been finished. 现在进行时：他的作业正在做；（） His h

3、omework is being done. 一般现在时：他的作业常常在放学后就完成了；一般现在时：他常常在放学后就完成他的作业；His homework is often finished after school. He often finishes his homework after school. 1. 一般现在时：主要表示常常发生的动作或存在的状态 1 用法：表示现在、常常、习惯性发生的动作、情形、状态和特点或反复存在的状态；说明现在的情形；表示常常性、习惯性动作；例： He always helps others. （他总是帮忙别人； ）表示客观事实、普遍真理、科学事实、格言等不

4、受时间限制的客观存在；（仅限于某些表示“ 来、去、动、停、开头、终止、连续” 等 表示一个按规定、方案或支配要发生的动作,的动词）可以与表示将来时间的状语搭配使用；常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通 方式；例： The next train leaves at 3 oclock this afternoon . （下一趟火车今日下午 3 点开车；）How often does this shuttle bus run. （这班车多久一趟？）在时间和条件状语从句里常常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情；例： When you have finished the r

5、eport, I will have waited for about 3 hours. 等了将近 3 个小时了；）表示知觉、态度、情感等I want your help. 我需要你的帮忙；（等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经2）时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week day, year, month , once a week day, year, month , on Sundays on Mondays 2. 现在进行时 be doing sth/be being done 1）用法：表示现 阶段 或说话时正在进行的动作及行为

6、；How are you feeling today. 你今日感觉如何？He is doing well in his lessons. 在课上他表现得很好；They are playing football now. 与 always ,forever ,continually ,constantly , perpetually永久地,不断地等副词连用时表示重复的动作经常的习惯 ,但含有 兴奋、中意、埋怨、厌恶等感情颜色；1 e.g. She is perpetually interfering in my affairs. 她老是干预我的事；（不满）The students are mak

7、ing progress constantly.同学们在不断进步；（中意）He is always helping us.他总是帮我们； （感谢）You are always asking us to do such things.你老是叫我们做这类事情；（厌恶）并不是全部动词都有进行时,一些动词一般在句中不能用现在进行时态,而应用一般现在时；这些动词往 往是等表示 情感状态、知觉熟悉、愿望或短暂性 的动词；例如： see（明白）,know（知道；明白） ,want（需要；想要） ,like （喜爱）,hear,have（有）,think （想；认为）,hope（期望）,hate （恨,厌恶）

8、等；表将来时态（见一般现在将来时）I m going to visit London next week. He is coming here. He is leaving for Paris next month. 2）时间状语： just now, at this time, for the time being, today, this week year, month Look ,Listen,Cant you see. 等示意词 上下文的示意,句子的谓语动词可能应用现在进行时； Where is Mr Wang. 王先生在哪儿？ Oh, he is reading a newspap

9、er in the office. 噢,他正在办公室看报；（问句询问王先生在哪儿,应说明他现在在哪儿,故答句应说明他现在正在做的事,用现在进行时；） Is that boy Jack. 那个男孩是杰克吗？ No, Jack is doing his homework in the classroom. 不是,杰克正在教室做作业呢；（答句中说明的杰克做作业的情形应发生在现在,应用现在进行时；）3. 现在完成时 have done sth/have been done 1）用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,此时用非连续性动词（瞬时动词）；例： I bought a new

10、house, but I _ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. a. didnt sell b. sold c. havent sold d. would sell 答案是 C havent sold ；John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿； ）表示从过去某时刻开头,连续到现在的动作或情形,并且有可能会连续连续下去；此时常常用连续性动词；例： Great as Newton was, many of his ideas _ today and are being modified by

11、the work of scientists of our time. a. are to challenge b. have been challenged c. may be challenged d. are challenging 全句的意思是： “ 虽然牛顿是个宏大的人物,但他的很多见解直到今日仍在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工 作所修正；” challenge 是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态；其动作连续到今日,所以要用现在完成时态；可见 答案是 b. have been challenged；2 句型 have been to sp.表去过某处 与 have gone to s

12、p.表去了某处,仍未回来 a. -Where is Jack. -He has gone to London. b. -Where have you been. -I have been to Shanghai. This It is the first/ second/ third time that 这时第 次 . e.g. This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition. （这是我公司产品其次次参与国际展览会；） It is/

13、has been+段时间 +since e.g. It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.（从我上次见到他以来已经 10 年了；）【留意】 It is 3 days since he was at Jingguan.He left Jingguan 3 days ago. 他离开静观 3 天了；It is 3 days since he came to Jingguan. He has been at Jingguan for 3 days. 他来静观 3 天了；2 3 时间状语: yet, already, just, never, eve

14、r, so far, by, since+过去的时间点,ever since, recently, lately, induring/overthe past/last+ 一段时间 , for + 段时间, before, etc. 留意事项 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带；现在完成时和过去时的区分在于：现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响；过去时只表示过去的某个详细时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系；例： He worked in that hospital for 8 years.（他曾经在那家医院工作了8 年；这只是叙述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医

15、院了； ）He has worked in that hospital for 8 years. （他已经在那家医院里工作了 到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作；）8 年；表示他从过去开头工作,始终工作由于含有for 加一段时间或since 加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和连续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬时动词；e.g. My sister has got married for 5 years. 错 My sister has been married for 5 years.（过去分词做表语表示状态,可以连续）My sister has married. Dont distur

16、b her. （终端动词）注：动词是瞬时动词时,如要使用段时间状语,就必需将瞬时动词改为连续性动词,方法有三：a. 改用 be He has joined the army for 3 years. 错 He has been in the army for 3 years./ He has been a soldier for 3 years. b.改用具有相同含义的连续性动词 I have borrowed this book for almost two weeks. 错I have kept this book for almost two weeks. c.依据含义从新组织 He h

17、as opened the door for 2 hours. 错The door has been open for 2 hours. 拓展：瞬时动词如用现在完成进行时,表动作反复在执行,可与段时间状语连用This month he has been coming here for lunch. I have been borrowing this book for almost two weeks.如在图书馆每天都借同一本书 -Why are you so tired. -I _ the wall all the morning. A. painted B. is painting C.

18、has painted D. has been painting 【留意】否定句可与段时间状语连用I haven t heard from him for 3 years. 在 before 、prior to （在 之前） 等句型中,主句要求用完成时；例： I havent met that professor prior to today.（以前我从未见过那位教授；）I ve never seen such a man before.以前我从来没见过这样一个人； 时态替换：当现在完成时表示状态时,可用一般现在时替之；He has been prepared for the test.=He

19、 is prepared for the test.他做好考试的预备了；4. 现在完成进行时 have been doing sth/have been being done 1）用法：表示某一动作开头于过去某一时间,连续或重复地显现至今,或将连续连续至将来；例：We have been working on this project for over a month now. （到目前为止,我们始终在处理那个项目,已经花 了一个多月时间了； ）I ve been painting the wall all the morning. 整个早上我都在漆墙；留意事项： 与现在完成时相比,现在完成进

20、行时更强调：在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态始终连续或一 直反复显现；例： It seems oil _ from this pipe for some time. Well have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. had leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking 从此题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是：“ 看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障；” 其次句表示将要实行的措施；第一句动作发生在其次句之前,并且连续到现在为止仍在连续；因此,空格中需用现在

21、完成时或现在完成进行时；D. has been leaking 是现在完成进行时,因此是此题的答案；有 11%的考生误选了 B. is leaking ；由于本句有时间状语for some time ,表示谓语动作连续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必需用和完成 3 时有关的时态；有些考生误选了 C. leaked 或 A.had leaked；是由于他们没有留意到此题其次句是一般将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时；2）时间状语： since+时间点, for+ 段时间5. 一般过去时1）用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情形；He found a pen yesterday.昨天他捡了

22、一支钢笔；表示过去习惯性动作；特殊是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的就是过去时；例：The old man often sat on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to any

23、body. （老人过去常常坐在安静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈； ）He visited his mother once a week. He used to visit his mother once a week.= He would visit his mother once a week.（他以前总是每周探望一次他的母亲；）He always sat under the tree waiting for his son to come back from school before. He would sit under the t

24、ree waiting for his son to come back from school before.以前他常坐在树下等他的儿子放学回家；有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种动听、客气、礼貌、商议的语气；例： I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car.（我想向您借车用一用,可以吗？）Would you mind my sitting here. （您介意我坐在这里吗？）2）时间状语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week year, night, month , in 19

25、89, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 留意事项： 留意 时间状语 的搭配；一般过去时的时间状语应当是表示过去某个时间的词或词组,如：yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago 等,确定不行与 recently, in the past 10 years, this month 等连用,由于这样的时间状语都与现在 有关系,应当用现在完成时或一般现在时；used to do 的否定形式和疑问形式很特殊：你怎么写都正确；以否定形式为例：u

26、sed not to do, didnt use to do 都对；used to do 常常与be used to doing sth/ sth 结构进行对比；前者表示过去常常或过去曾经,要求加动词原形；后者表示 习惯于 ,要求加名词或动名词；He is used to getting up early. 他习惯于早起；He used to get up early.以前他起来得早； （含有现在起来的晚的意思） used to 后可接行为动词和状态类动词,would 后只能接行为动词；He used to be shy. He used to get up early.= He would

27、get up early. 6. 过去完成时 had done 1）用法：表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态；就是我们常说的：表示 过去的过去 的动作或状态 ；Until then, his family _ from him for six months. a. didnt hear b. hasnt been hearing c. hasnt heard d. hadnt heard 全句的意思是： “ 到那时为止,他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了；” 由此可以看出,谓语动词的动作连续到过去的某一时刻才完成,因此谓语要用过去完成时；答案是 d.；其它选项中： a

28、. didnt hear,由于一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态,所以不能与时间状语for six months 连用； b. hasnt been hearing,现在完成进行时表示过去某时刻连续到现在或现在仍在进行的动作,与题意不符；c. hasnt heard,现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻到现在为止发生的动作；而题中的 then 只表示过去的某一时刻,不能表示现在时间；By yesterday he had lived here for 5 years. 到昨天为止,他已经在这儿住了五年了；He said he had finished his homework. 他说他已经完成

29、了他的作业；留意事项：“ 过去的过去” 这种规律关系常通过上下文表达出来,而不肯定受某个时间状语的限制；例： There had been someone in our room just now, because I noticed a burning cigarette end on the floor when we 4 opened the front door. （刚才有人在我们的房间里,由于我们打开前门进来时,我留意到地板上有一支仍在燃烧的香 烟；）分析：虽然时间状语是just now,好像应当使用一般过去时,但是“ 在房间里” 这个状态是在开门 和留意 这两个过去的动作之前就存在

30、的,所以应当用过去完成时；用于虚拟语气中指过去发生的动作；How I wish he had finished his work last night. 我好期望他昨天晚上就完成了他的工作；If he had come here last night, he would have seen Jack.要是他昨晚来这儿,他就会见到杰克；2）时间状语： before, by yesterday, by the end of last year term, month , etc. 7. 一般过去将来时 would/ should do 1）用法：表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事；例： I sai

31、d on Thursday I should see my friend the next day. （我星期四说我将于其次天拜望我的伴侣；）留意事项：由于过去将来时是由过去时和将来时组合而成的,所以其留意事项可以参考过去时和将来时的相关留意事项；2）时间状语： the next day morning, year , the following month week ect. 8. 过去进行时 was/ were doing 1 用法：表示在过去一个比较详细的时间正在发生的动作；例： Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.（10 分

32、钟前,玛丽正在听轻音乐；）表示过去某段时间正在发生的动作；He was helping his friend last month. 上个月,他在帮他的伴侣；假如 when, while 这样的时间状语引导词所引导的主从句之一是一般过去时,就主句常用过去进行时；例： I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door. （你敲前门时我正在洗头发；）表示过去将来时a. He said he was leaving for London the next month. 他说他下月要去伦敦；（位移动词：go, come, leave, s

33、tart, begin .）b. He told me that he was going to visit his uncle. 他告知我他要去看他的叔叔；2）时间状语： at this time yesterday, at that time, etc. 9. 一般现在将来时 1）用法：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态；He will come to help us. 他要来帮我们；He will be in great trouble. 他将会遇到大麻烦；表示将来的准备、方案或预备做的事；They are going to have a competition with us in stu

34、dies. 在学习上他们要和我们竞赛；It is going to rain. 天将下雨；2）时间状语： tomorrow, next day week, month, year ., soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, etc. 3）一般现在将来时的表达 基本结构是 will / shall do ；例： We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品,作为给她 的生日礼物； ）有些动词,如：arrive, be clos

35、e, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay 等,用于一般 进行时,并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用,可以表示将来时；例： My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我,并会呆到5月；）表示“ 准备去 ,要 ” 时,可用 be going to do；例： This is just what I am going to say. （这正是我想说的； ）5 表示“ 即

36、将、刚要” 时,可用 be about to do；强调近期内或立刻要做的事；例： Dont worry, I am about to make a close examination on you. （别担忧,我立刻就给你做一次认真的检查；）be to do的 5 种用法：a 表示“ 按方案、支配即将发生某事或准备做某事”；例： She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在试验室见到她；）b 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to ）,表示一种命令、规劝性语气；例： You are to

37、 go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes. （孩子们,你们必需 上床睡觉,不准吵闹；我们的客人 5 分钟之内就要到了； ）c 能或不能发生的事情（接近 can, may）例： How am I to pay such a debt. （我怎么可能仍得起这么大的一笔债呢？）d 不行防止将要发生的事情,后来将要发生的事情；例： I assure you that the matter _ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience.

38、 A. will be attended B. will be attended to C. is attended D. is attended to will be attended to 关键的一点是：attend 表示“ 处理,解决” 时是不及物动词,必需与 to 连用；另外,从上下文看,事情明显尚未解决,所以应当用将来时的被动语态；答案是 B；e 用于条件从句“ 假如 想,设想”（接近 if want to,或 if should）例： Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food s

39、hortage _ avoided. A. is to be B. can be C. will be D. has been 答案是 A. is to be ；全句的意思是： “ 假如要防止食品短缺,就必需作出更大努力来增加农业产量；”同样可以表示“ 刚要、将要” 的意思的句型是be on the point of doing=be about to do ；例： The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points. （教练想要舍弃这场竞赛了,由于对方已经射进了 7

40、 个球；）留意事项：在以 if, when, as long as, as soon as, after, before, in case, until, unless 等连词以及具有连词作用的副词（immediately, the moment, directly ）等引导的状语从句,一般用现在时代替将来时；强调连续性或动态时,可用完成时；例： I hope his health will have improved by the time you come back next year.（我期望到明年你回来的时候,他的身体已经好多了； ）10. 将来进行时 will be doing 1）

41、用法：强调在将来的某个详细时间正在发生的动作或事情；例：Dont worry, you wont miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.（别担忧, 你不会认不出她的；她到时会穿一件红色的 T 恤衫和一条白色的短裙；）This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时候,他们正坐在电影院；He won t be coming to the party. 他不去参与聚会了；留意事项：由于本时态是由将来时和进行时融合在

42、一起的,所以关于本时态的留意事项,可参考 一般将来时 和现在进行时 的有关留意事项；2）时间状语： soon, tomorrow, this evening, On Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening, 11. 将来完成时 will have done 1）用法：表示从将来的某一时间开头、连续到另一个将来时间的动作或状态,或是发生在某个将来时间,但对其后的另一个将来时间有影响的动作或状态；就好象把现在完成时平移到时间轴的将来时时段一样；其用法从和过去及现在有关,变成了和将来及将来的将来有关；By the time you ge

43、t back, great changes will have taken place in this area. 到你回来的时候,就将发生庞大的变化；The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A must have lasted B will have lasted C would last D has lasted 此题考核谓语动词的时态；全句的意思是：“ 会议从开头到终止将连续整整一个星期；” 句中 by the time it ends表示动作要连续到将来某一时刻,因此要用将来完成时；答案是 B will have lasted

44、 ；假如选 A ,由于情态动词 must6 后面接动词不定式的完成时形式表示对已经发生的事情的一种确定估计,而本句的时间状语是 by the time it ends 而非 by the time it ended ,所以犯了时态不呼应的错误；Would 虽可以表示估计或可能性,但 would last 不能表示连续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以 C would last 错误；由于 D has lasted 是现在完成时,表示到现在为止已经完成的动作,不能表示连续到将来某一时刻的动作,所以也不正确；留意事项： 由于本时态是由将来时和完成时融合在一起的,所以关于本时态的留意事项,可以参考“ 一般将

45、来时” 和“ 现在完成时” 的有关留意事项；2）by the time of, by the end of+ 时间短语（将来）,by the time+ 从句（将来）12. 将来完成进行时：shall have been doing ,will have been doing 1）用法：表示动作从某一时间开头始终连续到将来某一时间,是否连续下去,要视上下文而定；I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year. 到今年年底, 我将在这个工厂工作 20 年了；If we d

46、on t hurry up, the store will have been closing before we get there. 就会关了；咱们如不快一点儿,等我们到那儿,店门By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years. （到下个月底为止,这项工程就已经不停地进行了 3 年了；）（被动语态）2）时间状语： by the time of, by the end of+ 时间短语（将来）13. 过去完成进行时：had been doing ,by the time+ 从句（将来）1）用法：表示某个过去正在进行的动作或状态,连续到过去某个时刻,仍未完成,始终连续到之后的当前才终止；例： The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.（我回到家之前, 我 10 岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了；）（此处强调 “ 拆