《英语翻译》课件9 科技英语翻译

1、日常英语用词与科技英语文体比较People get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid, which is called latex乳胶.Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid known as latex.1They mix it with acid, and dry it, and then they send it to countries all over the world. As the rubber i

2、ndustry grew, people needed more and more rubber.This is treated with acid and dried before being dispatched to countries all over the world. As the rubber industry developed, more and more rubber was required.2They started rubber plantations in countries with hot, wet weather conditions, but these

3、still could not give enough raw rubber to meet the needs of growing industry.Rubber plantations were established in countries with a hot, humid climate, but these still could not supply sufficient raw rubber to satisfy the requirements of developing countries.34科技语域的类别专用科技文体普通科技文体56比 较 Food is diges

4、ted as it passes along the long tube which begins at the mouth and ends at the anus. The process of digestion begins in the mouth where the food is crushed by the teeth and made wet by the juices in the mouth. After it is swallowed, it passes down the gullet, a tube having muscles and going to the s

5、tomach.Food is digested as it passes along the alimentary canal. The process of digestion begins in the mouth where the food is chewed and moistened by the saliva. After being swallowed, it passes down the gullet, a muscular tube leading to the stomach.7科技文体的句法特点及翻译方法名词化结构被动语态非谓语动词形式介词短语省略结构长句子891.

6、名词化结构为使行文简洁、表达客观，科技英语中多用名词化结构。如：the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 通过无线电波来发射和接收活动物体的图像在翻译此类结构时，可以使用以下方法：科技文体的句法特点及翻译方法9 科技英语翻译句法特征及翻译方法101.1 将名词词组转换成汉语句子，如：1) The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。2) The s

7、uccess of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. 这种疗法要想获得成功在很大程度上似乎取决于病人和医生之间的关系。9：科技英语翻译句法特征及翻译方法111.2 将名词词组转换成动宾结构Recent developments in the utilization of salinity power by reverse electrodialysis and other methods are discussed. 本文讨论采用逆电流法和别的

8、方法来利用盐动力的最新进展。2) The change from single crop farming to a mixed crop system would be one important step. 重要的一步是把种植单一作物改为多种作物混合耕种。9：科技英语翻译句法特征及翻译方法122.被动语态科技文章常使用被动态，因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观，而被动语态可以使叙述显得比较客观，使读者的注意力集中于所叙述的事物。如： As oil is found deep in the ground, its presence cannot be determined by a study

9、 of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock must be carried out. 石油埋藏于地层深处。因此，仅仅靠研究地层表面，无法确定有无石油，必须对地下的岩石结构进行地质勘测。9：科技英语翻译句法特征及翻译方法132.1 在翻译被动语态时，使用表示被动含义的介词“被、叫、受、为”等，如：1) Besides voltage, resistance and capacitance, an alternating current is also influenced by induct

10、ance. 除了电压、电阻和电容之外，交流电流还受电感的影响。2) In Europe and in North America, tons of fruit and dairy products are thrown away every year.在欧洲和北美每年都有成吨成吨的水果和奶制品被扔掉。9：科技英语翻译句法特征及翻译方法142.2 在科技文章中，许多使用被动语态的句子不需要或者无法讲出动作的发出者，可译成汉语的无主句，而把原句中的主语译成宾语，如：Among other things, the levels of the metals in food, human tissues

11、 and body fluids must be monitored. 9：科技英语翻译句法特征及翻译方法此外还必须监测在食物、人体组织和体液中金属的量。Such a small experiment was designed merely to establish whether the approach was safe.设计这种小型实验只是为了证实这一方向是否安全152.3 判断句有些描述事物的过程、性质和状态的英语被动句，可以译成“是的”结构。如： The power supply of this motor plant is provided by an atomic generat

12、or. 9：科技英语翻译句法特征及翻译方法这个汽车制造厂的动力是一台原子能发电机提供的。163. 使用非谓语动词形式英语中非谓语动词形式，有现在分词、过去分词和不定式三种形式，通常与主句保持着时间、条件、因果、方式等语义方面的联系，在科技英语中广泛使用，使行文简洁，结构紧凑。翻译时，主要有以下方法：9：科技英语翻译句法特征及翻译方法17A copper atom has 29 electrons, arranged in four different orbits around its nucleus.For two forces to cancel, they must act on the

13、 same object.Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best.铜原子有29个电子，它们排列在原子核周围四条不同的轨道上。为了使两个力能相互抵消，它们必须作用在同一物体上。几乎说有的金属都是良导体，而银的导电性最强。184. 介词词组The action of air on an airplane in flight at low altitude is greater than that at high altitude.空气对于低空飞行飞机的作用力大于高空飞行的飞机。195. 省略结构的应用The spee

14、d against the wind is 20 miles per hour and with the wind 80 miles. T will represent temperature alone in this book unless otherwise stated.顶风时速度为每小时20英里，顺风时速度为每小时80英里。在本书T将只表示温度，除非另有说明。20As described above 如上所述As indicated/shown in Fig./Table X如图X所示As noted later如后所述，从下文可以看出As previously mentioned如

15、前文所述，前已提及21If any/convenient/necessary/possible /required/so/notWhen in use/necessary/neededWhere feasible在实际可行的场合Where possible在可能的情况下226. 长句子As the lights dim in parts of the nation because of an energy shortage, the model for supplying clean and abundant electricity in the 21st century can be fou

16、nd at a Portland sewage plant where methane collected from decomposing waste provides hydrogen to power a commercial fuel cell that transforms the volatile gas into enough electricity to light more than 100 homes for a year.23最近由于能源短缺，美国部分地区电力供应不足。与此同时，在波特兰的一座污水工厂里却找到一种新的发电方式，能在21世纪提供清洁且丰富的电能。该工厂将污水

17、分解后所产生的甲烷收集起来，产生氢气，充入商用燃料蓄电池。这种蓄电池能够把这种不稳定的气体转化为电能，足以提供100个家庭一年的照明所需。24翻译练习1. Over five centuries have passed and only now has technology caught up with da Vincis dream by the development of advanced helicopter.2. Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies.3.

18、Our products, if maintained properly and regularly, can at least see twenty years service.25翻译练习1. 5个多世纪过去了，直到现在，我们研发了先进的直升机后，工艺技术水平才赶上了达芬奇的设想。2. 阿基米德最先发现固体排水的原理。3. 我们的产品如果适当地定期检修，至少可以使用20年.26汉译英1. 第一个计划将需要至少108周，而第二个计划将只需72周。2. 拉力性能的改善取决于热处理过程，如图5所示。3. 人们认为计算机有许多神奇的功能。4. 可以把计算机定义为一种高速运作的电子设备。5. 近几年

19、来，工业界在利用无损探伤技术方面取得了惊人的进展。6. 从固态变为液态需要热能。27汉译英1. 第一个计划将需要至少108周，而第二个计划将只需72周。The first program would require a minimum of 108 weeks, the second only 72 weeks.2. 拉力性能的改善取决于热处理过程，如图5所示。The improvement of tensile properties depends on the procedures of heat treatment, as shown in Fig. 5.3. 人们认为计算机有许多神奇的

20、功能。Computers are thought to have many remarkable powers.4. 可以把计算机定义为一种高速运作的电子设备。Computers can be defined as very-high-speed electronic devices.285. 近几年来，工业界在利用无损探伤技术方面取得了惊人的进展。During the past few years the industrial world has witnessed amazing growth in the use of nondestructive testing methods and

21、 techniques.6. 从固态变为液态需要热能。A change of state from a solid to a liquid form requires heat energy.译文的得体词的得体词组的得体句子的得体语段的得体29词的得体例：配料：面粉、薯粉、玉米淀粉、棕榈油、调味料、白砂糖、鲜虾粉。Ingredients: Wheat Flour, Potato Starch, Corn Starch, Palm Oil, Seasonings, Sugar, Shrimp Powder.30原文：Although all petroleum is composed essen

22、tially of a number of hydrocarbons, they are present in varying proportions in each deposit and the properties of each deposit have to be evaluated.译文：虽然石油主要由各种碳氢化合物组成，但是这些碳氢化合物以不同的比例存在于各种矿床中，因此必须对各种矿床的特点作出评价。对液态石油而言，deposit应为“油层”或“储油层”，而非矿床31词组的得体例：chain reaction 连锁反应nuclear power plant 核电站fuel rod

23、 燃料棒32convert wastes into useful materials 废物利用without loss of time 不失时机in the long run 归根到底原文：把药品放在远离阳光直射的阴凉干爽的地方。译文1：Medicines are displayed or stored in a cool dry place away from direct sunlight.译文2：Medicines are displayed or stored in the place which is cool and dry, away from the direct sunshi

24、ne.33句子的得体原文：Vehicles steering in the conventional manner lacked the rapid response, short running radius, and ease of handling.译文：传统的转向结构反应迟钝，转弯半径大，操作不便。34原文：可以预言，钛材在飞机或各种飞行器上的应用将会与日俱增，并且在其他工业中的应用也会扩大。译文1：It can be prophesied that titanium material in aeroplanes or sundry flying objects will be increasingly applied and its use will also be increased in other industries.译文2：It can be prophesied that titanium materials will be used increasingly in aerospace and in other industrial products.35语段的得体原文：如果没有不断地创造，宇宙就会向静止发展，万物就会凝聚成无数的死星。只用不断地发展，宇宙才有无限的未来，万物的特征得以长存。译文：Without continuous creation t