高中英语高考巧解单选略题方法

1、高考英语巧解单选省略题方法省略是指在不影响句子意思明了、清楚的前提下，将句子中的某些成分省略掉，从而使所表达的内容更加紧凑和简洁。近年来，许多高考试题为增加其灵活性和考查考生综合运用 语言的能力，经常利用省略这一手段来编制试题，或考查考生对省略句的判断和理解，或借 省略为干扰考查其他相关知识点，并因此出现了不少同学们望而生畏的难题，本文拟就如何 应对这类试题作一分析，并介绍五种攻克省略难题的方法。一、整句还原法所谓整句还原法，即指通过分析题干所提供的情景或句子结构，将命题者省略的部分补充完整，然后再根据完整的句子进行分析和答题。如：“Whatwere you trying to prove t

2、o the police? ” I was last night. ”A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. What分析：此题应选C,其余三项均有可能误选。做对此题的关键是要明确答语部分为省略句，若将其补充完整，即为： I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night.其 中where引导的是一个宾语从句。请再看以下类似试题：“Whatmade her so happy?”herson passed the college entrance examinations. A. ThatB.不填C. SinceD. F

3、or此题选 A,若将其补充完整，即为： That her son passed the college entrance examinatio ns made her so happy.“Whatmade you so upset? ” my wallet. ”A. LostB. Losing C. Having lostD. Being lost此题选 B,若将其补充完整，即为： Losing my wallet made me so upset.“Whatdid she tell you?” she would be late ”A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. Wheth

4、er此题选 A,若将其补充完整，即为： She told me that she would be late.I want to improve my English, but I don know . What can you suggest?A. whenB. howC. whyD. where分析：此题应选B,其余三项均有可能误选，其实此句为省略句，若将此句补充完整，即为： but I don tknow how to improve my English.请看以下类彳以试题：I think the door is locked, but I better go and make sur

5、e it .A. doesB. hasC. wasD. is答案选 D,为 and make sure it is locked之省略。Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can remember.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. that答案选 C,为 I can tremember which city he comes from 之省略。He didn stell half as many computers as he thought he.A. hadB. wasC. wouldD. sold答案选

6、C,为 He didn tsell half as many computers as he thought he would sell 之省略。二、常识语境法常识语境法指的是，同学们在补充省略成分时要充分考虑句子本身的语境，有时还要结 合一定的生活常识和学科常识，即补充完整的句子不仅要符合语法，而且要符合情理。如：“ Ilike you more than her, my dear. ” Youmean more than love her or more t han she loves ?”A. you, meB. she, youC. I, meD. I, you分析：做对此题的关键是要

7、弄清填空句是个省略句，补充完整为 You mean that you love memore than you love her or that you love me more than she loves me?句意为 你是说你爱我胜过你爱她，还是说你爱我胜过她爱我？，所以答案应选 Ao若选其他答案，从语法上也是对的，但不合情理。Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has IQ.A. a highB. a higher C. the higherD. the highest分析：此题答案为 B 此句实

8、为 Boris has brains.In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class h as a higher IQ than him之省略。省略than him后不仅句意仍然清楚，而且显得更为简洁。 句意为“我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”，即 我认为他可能是班上智商最高的请再看以下类似的题目(分析理由同上，答案均选A):How beautifully she sings! I have never heard voice.A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the best I never found

9、job. ” Congratulations. ”A. a better B. a bestC. the better D. the best“Whatdo you think of the service here? Oh,wonderful. We couldn htavefound place.”A. a better B. a best C. the better D. the bestHow cold it is! Wd venever had day this winter.A. a colder B. a cold C. the coldestD. the colder三、一致验

10、证法所谓一致验证法，即指在补充省略成分时，要注意考虑句子结构的前后一致性，此法尤 其适合于做因承前省略而拟编的试题。如：I think I can fix it tomorrow. If , you lhave to wait till Friday.A. notB. can tC. don tD. won t分析：答案应选 A。if not 为 if I can fix it tomorrow 之省略。其中的 if I can fix it tomorrow与前面的I can fix it tomorrow 一致。注意，此题不能选B,因为句子已省略了主语。下面请再看一个类似的例子：If th

11、e weather is fine, we llgo. If , .A. not, notB. no, noC. not, noD. no, not此题应选 A。If not, not.为 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go.全句意为 如 果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同，只是前句为肯定，后句为否定，为了简洁起见，于是将后句与前句相同部分省略， 只保留否定词 not。They are different in form but in meaning.A. not B. noC. aren

12、t D. don t分析：答案选 A , but not in meaning 为 but they are not different in meaning 之省略。 又如： In the accident the child was hurt, but the mother .A. killingB. to killC. killedD. kill答案选 C, but the mother killed 为 but the mother was killed 之省略。) The apartment fine for two people, but .A. no moreB. no anyC

13、. not more D. not any答案选 C, but not more 为 but it is not fine for more than two people 之省略。四、语法分析法英语中有些省略是由特定的语法现象造成的，同学们在做题时首先要确定句子的省略涉 及什么语法结构或语法现象等，然后再根据相应的语法知识来分析作答。如：“Whohas eaten all the cake, Jim?” Oh, must your two pet dogs.”A. it B. they C. that D. which分析：许多同学可能认为此题应选B ,因为其后的your two pet d

14、ogs为复数。但实际上，此题的最佳答案就是 A,不仅涉及强调句型这一考点，而且是其省略形式，此句若补充完整， 即为：It must be your pet dogs that have eaten all the cake.If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better it yo u vegot some big bills coming.A. forgetB. forgotC. forgetting D. to forget分析：此题最佳答案为 Ao考查had better后接动词原形的用法。但是考题

15、中将you had better这一结构省略成 better,致使许多同学一时看不出来。又如：Better go with him.最好同他一起去。Better have the operation right now.你最好还是现在就动手术。“Would you like to come for a walk with me? I prefer , thank you.”A. not toB. to notC. notD. can t分析：答案选 A, I cprefer not to 为 I (prefer not to come for a walk 之省略。注意， 在该省略结构中，用以

16、代表不定式的to不宜省去。请看类例：“ShallI give the dog a chocolate? ”It better.”A. not toB. to notC. don tD. can t答案选 A,为It better not to give the dog a chocolate之省略。注意，不定式的否定 式要将not置于不定式符号to之前，而不是之后。I would mend your radio, but I don k now . A. howB. toC. how toD. to how答案选 C,为 but I don tknow how to mend it 之省略。

17、五、逻辑推断法有的省略试题难度比较大，不仅涉及语法知识、生活常识等，而且还要求考生根据题干 所提供的信息进行逻辑推理。如：She Soo thin. She gain some weight but she too little. A. would, ateB. will, eatsC. would, eatsD. will, ate分析：此题有些难度，许多同学不知如何分析。我们先根据题目所提供的选项将句意大致勾出来：她太瘦了。她会增加体重的，但她吃得太少了。根据句首She stoo thin这一所给信息可知，她瘦”应是客观事实。按照一般的常识，吃得少”就会引致 瘦“，吃得多”就会导致 胖”，

18、由于根据句首的信息，她瘦”是客观事实，所以她 吃得少”也应是事实，所以第二空应填eats（即用一般现在时表示客观事实）。根据上面的分析：她瘦”和她吃得少”均为客观事实，那么 她体重会增加”就应是假设（注意句中的转折连词but）,所以第一空应填 would o其实，此句可理解为 but前省略了一个条件状语if she ate more （如果她多吃一点的话）。所以，此题最佳答案选 Co“ Everyonesays you are a good student. You never sleep in class, do you?” .A. Yes, never B. Yes, sometimes

19、C. No, sometimes D. Oh, really 分析：答案选 B,答句是对针对 You never sleep in class, do you?这一问句来回答的， Yes, sometimes 为 Yes, I do. Sometimes I sleep in class 之省略，其意为 不，上课有时睡 觉”。若选其余几项，均会导致逻辑不通。请看类例：You veever been to the village, have you?” “.It is the most beautiful village I _ ”ve ever seen.A. No, neverB. No,

20、I have C. No, only once D. Yes, only once分析：答案选 D, Yes, only once 为 Yes, I have. But I vdD een there only once.之省 略，句意为 不，我去过，但只去过一次”。注意句末的 It is the most beautiful village I veever seen表明 我”去过那儿，所以不能选A。那么方法之后，再看几道题：I .I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was?A. whereB. whatC. ho

21、wD. which【分析】此题答案选D,主要与上文的some book or other （某一本书）这一语境有关，全 句句意为：我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗？”请看类例：“Whotold you?” Oh,somebody or other, I veorgotten .”A. whatB. whenC. whichD. who答案选D。句意为：谁告诉你的？ ”噢，有个人，我忘记是哪一个了。”Some of the students were late for the meeting, but I can remember .A. whatB. whenC. whichD.

22、whom最佳答案为Co句意为 宥些学生开会迟到了，但我不记得是哪些学生了I was last night.”A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. What此题应选 C,其余三项均有可能误选，答句为省略句，其完整形式为I was trying to prove to the police where I was last night.（where引导的是一个宾语从句）。以下类似试题：(1) “Whatmade her so happy?”her son passed the college entranceexn . ”What were you trying to prove to

23、 the police? aminations.A. ThatB.不填C. SinceD. For【分析】此题选A,为That herson passed the collegeentrance examinationsmadeherso happy.之省略。(2) “Whatmade you so upset?my wallet.A. LostB.LosingC. Having lostD. Being lost【分析】此题选B,为Losingmy wallet made me so upset.之省略。(3) “Whatdid she tellyou?”she would be late

24、”A. ThatB.WhenC. WhereD. Whether【分析】此题选A ,为She told me that would be late.之省略。(4) “Whatdid he ask you?I would be late.”A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. Whether【分析】 此题选 D,为 He asked me whether I would be late.之省略。综合练:1. “What were you trying to prove to the police?I waslastnight.A. ThatB. WhenC. WhereD. What

25、【分析】此题应选 C,其余三项均有可能误选，答句为省略句，其完整形式为I wastrying to prove to the police where I was last night. (where 弓I导的是个宾语从句）。请看以下类似试题:(1) “Whatmade her so happy?her son passed the college entrance examinations.A. ThatB.不填C. SinceD. For【分析】 此题选A ,为That herson passed the college entrance examinations made her so

26、happy.之省略。(2) “Whatmade you so upset?my wallet.A. LostB. LosingC. Having lostD. Being lost【分析】 此题选B,为 Losing my wallet made me so upset.之省略。“Whatdid she tell you?” she would be late ”A. ThatB.WhenC. WhereD.Whether【分析】此题选A,为She toldme thatwould belate.之省略。“Whatdid he ask you?” I would be late.”A. Tha

27、tB.WhenC. WhereD.Whether【分析】此题选D,为He asked mewhether I wouldbelate.之省略。If the weather is fine, we llgo. If , .A. not, notB. no, noC. not, noD. no, not【分析】 此题应选 Ao If not, not.为 If the weather is NOT fine, we will NOT go.全 句意为 如果天气好，我们就去；如果天气不好，我们就不去该句的特点是：后句与前句的用词和句式完全相同，只是前句为肯定，后句为否定，为了简洁起见，于是将后句与前

28、句相同部分省略，只保留否定词not。又如：If it is cheap, I b uy it. If not, not.如果这东西便宜，我就买；如果不便宜，我就不买。If you study hard, you lbucceed. If not, not.你若努力，你就会成功；你若不努力，你 就不会成功。If you start at once, you lCatch the train. If not, not.你若马上动身， 你就会赶上火车； 你若不马上动身，你就赶不上火车了。请再看以下例子(只保留否定词not)。如：“Caryou repair it yourself? Iam afra

29、id not.你自己会修吗？恐怕不行。(=Iam a fraid I cant repair it myself.)“Didyou know anything about it? ” Notuntil you told me.这事你以前知道吗？你 告诉我才知道。(=I didnt know anything about it until you told me.)Will it rain today? ” Ihope not.”今天会下雨吗？”希望不会。”(=Ihope it will not r ain today.)She not a dancing teacher, is she?” .

30、A. Yes, and she isn tB. Yes, but she wasC. No, but she isn tD. No, but she was【分析】 此题最佳答案为 D,可视为 No, she isn tBut she was a dancing teacher.之省略， 即其意为 她现在不是舞蹈教师，但她过去是“。此题也可以是No, but she used to be.“Alice,why didn you come yesterday? ” I, but I had an unexpected v _ J _isitor.A. hadB. wouldC. was goin

31、g toD. did【分析】此题应选C,为I was going to come之省略，意为 我本来是打算来的“，这与 其后but I had an unexpected visitor的语境刚好吻合。注意不能选 would ,因为它没有 打 算”之意。5.In some western countries, the rich are becoming richer, and .A. the poor the poorB. poor poorC. the poor poorerD. poorer the poor【分析】 此题应选 Co句子后半部分为- and the poor are becoming poorer之省略。句意为 在有些西方国家，富人变得更富，而穷人则变得更穷工句中的the rich指 富人”，thepoor指 穷人”。按英语习惯，若前后两句谓语动词相同，则后句通常可承前省略。又如：He is a teacher and his wife a nurse.他是老他妻子是护士。(.his wife a nurse=.his wife is a nurse)John won the first race and Mick the second.约翰赢了第一场比赛 ，米克赢了第二场比 赛。(. and Mick the