考点一形容词和副词的基本用法课件

1、四、形容词和副词第1页，共37页。语法专项精讲跟踪训练运用第2页，共37页。语法专项精讲 细筛选巧拓展考点一形容词和副词的基本用法1.形容词的基本用法形容词在句中可以作定语、表语、补语(含宾语补足语和主语补足语)和状语。作状语时与句子用逗号隔开,修饰不定代词时要后置。Although it doesnt taste of anything special,its still worth a try.尽管它尝起来没有任何特殊的地方,但是还是值得一试。Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to find the trail ag

2、ain.天气状况太差,他想再找到(雪橇的)轨迹是不可能的。第3页，共37页。2.副词的基本用法副词在句中可以用作状语,主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或修饰整个句子,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。Thankfully,I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.谢天谢地,我终于打完比赛了,所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。第4页，共37页。特别提示 常考的连接性副词:though“然而,可是”(用于句末);meanwhile “在此期间”;therefore/ thus/consequently“因此,

3、所以”;moreover/ furthermore “而且,此外”;besides“而且,另外,还有”; however“然而”;instead“相反,代替”;anyway/anyhow“尽管,即使这样”;otherwise “否则”。The young man couldnt afford a new car.Instead,he bought a used one.那个年轻人买不起新车,便买了一辆二手的。The house was too expensive and too big.Besides,Id grown fond of our little rented house.这个房子太

4、贵、太大了。而且,我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。第5页，共37页。3.意义有别的同根副词close 接近地closely 仔细地free 免费地 freely 自由地hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不late 迟,晚 lately 近来most 极,非常 mostly 主要地wide 广阔地 widely 广泛地high 高 highly 高度地deep 深 deeply 深刻地,深沉地near 临近 nearly 几乎pretty 相当地 prettily 迷人地第6页，共37页。特别提示 常见的以-ly结尾的形容词,如:lovely, lonely, lively, deadly

5、, friendly,likely, unlikely, silly, ugly, daily, motherly, fatherly, brotherly, elderly等。Deep in thought,he didnt notice me.陷入沉思中,他没注意到我。He was deeply moved by the moving story.他被这个感人的故事深深地感动了。第7页，共37页。考点二形容词和副词的比较等级1.比较级和最高级的构成(1)规则形式单音节以及少数双音节形容词和副词,在原级后加-er,-est构成。如: clevercleverercleverest。其他特殊变

6、化见下表:特殊情况构成方式例词以不发音的e结尾加-r和-stbravebraverbravest以“辅音字母+y”结尾变y为i,再加-er 和-esthappyhappierhappiest第8页，共37页。多音节和部分双音节形容词和副词,在原级前加more,most构成。 activemore activemost activehappilymore happilymost happily以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母双写词尾,再加-er和-esthothotterhottest第9页，共37页。(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,illwo

7、rseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest第10页，共37页。特别提示 以下形容词及其副词无比较级和最高级:relative,absolute,perfect,entire,senior,unique,present,simply,right,wrong等。2.基本用法(1)两者相比,表示“和一样”,用“as+原级+as”表示。 He learns as quickly as his classmates. 他和他的同学学得一样快。特

8、别提示 在同级比较中,若同时出现形容词修饰单数可数名词,其语序为:as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as。Our neighbor has as big a house as ours.我们的邻居有一套和我们的一样大的房子。第11页，共37页。(2)两者相比,表示“不如”,用“not as/so+原级+as”。 Unfortunately,my wife isnt so fond of them as I am.不幸的是, 我妻子不如我那么喜欢他们。(3)两者相比,表示“比更”,用“比较级+than”;表示“不如”,用 “not+比较级+than”。 Seeking information on

9、 the Internet is more convenient than searching in a library. 在互联网上查找信息比在图书馆查找更方便。 This one is not better than that one. 这个不如那个好。第12页，共37页。特别提示 修饰比较级的词语有:a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等;还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。 修饰最高级的词语有:by far, far, much, m

10、ostly, almost和序数词。We have a much better life now.我们现在的日子好得多了。The buildings look far uglier in London than here.伦敦的建筑比这儿的难看得多。She is the second tallest student in our class.她是我们班第二高的学生。第13页，共37页。3.特殊用法(1)“比较级+and+比较级”表示 “越来越”。 In many ways my disability has made me grow more and more independent. 在很多

11、方面,我的残疾已经使我变得越来越独立。(2)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,就越”。 The more upset I got,the less I was able to concentrate. 我越烦就越不能集中精力。(3)“more+原级+than+原级”表示“与其说不如说”。 The girl was more frightened than hurt. 与其说这个女孩是受了伤,不如说是受到了惊吓。第14页，共37页。(4)“more than+主语+can+谓语”表示“非所能;不能”。 The beauty of the city is more than I can

12、describe. 这座城市的美是我所不能描述的。(5)形容词比较级前一般不用冠词,但如果出现表示范围的短语时,就需要加定 冠词。 Of the two sisters,Mary is the cleverer. 这两姐妹中,玛丽更聪明。特别提示 有时形容词最高级前不用the,句中的most 相当于very,意为“非常,十分”。This is a most interesting story.这是一个很有趣的故事。第15页，共37页。4.比较级形式表示最高级含义 在某个特定范围内,同类事物对比,可用以下比较级结构表示最高级含义。 比较级+than+any other+单数名词 比较级+than

13、+the other+复数名词 比较级+than+anyone/ anything else 比较级+than+any of the other+复数名词 China is the largest country in Asia.That is,it is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国是亚洲最大的国家,即中国比亚洲其他任何国家都要大。第16页，共37页。5.表示倍数的三个常用句型(1).倍数+as+原级+as. He can run three times as fast as John. 他跑得有约翰三倍快。(2).倍数+比较级+than

14、. This table is three times bigger than that one. 这张桌子比那张桌子大两倍。(3).倍数+the size/length/width/height,etc.+of. This table is three times the size of that one. 这张桌子是那张的三倍大。 第17页，共37页。考点三形容词和副词的词形变化1.常见的形容词后缀形容词后缀意义例词-able-ible可的;能的;应的;有性质的acceptable可接受的available可获得的valuable有价值的reasonable合理的accessible可接近

15、的-al与有关的typical典型的digital数码的cultural文化的environmental环境的第18页，共37页。-ant/-ent是的frequent频繁的convenient方便的efficient效率高的significant有意义的-ful充满的;有性质(或倾向的)successful成功的meaningful有意义的powerful强大的thankful感激的-less无的;没有的endless无尽的aimless无目标的powerless无能为力的第19页，共37页。-tive有倾向的attractive迷人的effective有效的instructive有教育意义

16、的-ed感到的scarescared感到恐惧的confuseconfused感到困惑的-ing令人的surprisesurprising令人惊异的convinceconvincing令人信服的satisfysatisfying令人满意的-ous具有性质的continuecontinuous不断的;持续的anxietyanxious 忧虑的curiositycurious 好奇的humorhumorous 幽默的第20页，共37页。-ern方向的easteastern 东方的;向东的-y多的foggy多雾的greedy贪婪的wealthy富有的healthy健康的第21页，共37页。2.形容词转

17、换为副词情况变化规则例词一般情况在词尾加-lyimmediateimmediatelywonderfulwonderfully一些以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词把-y改为-i,再加-lyeasyeasilyangryangrilynoisynoisily以-ble或-le结尾的形容词去e加-ypossiblepossiblycomfortablecomfortably以-ue结尾的形容词去e加-lytruetruly以-ll结尾的形容词在词尾加-yfullfully第22页，共37页。常见的形容词否定前缀(表示“不”、“非”、“无”)前缀意义例词il-用于以l开头的单词前legalillegal

18、不合法的logicalillogical不合逻辑的im-用于以 m,p 或 b 开头的单词前politeimpolite无礼的patientimpatient不耐烦的ir-ir-用于r前regularirregular不规则的responsibleirresponsible不负责任的in-用于其他情况formalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient不方便的un-是一个活用前缀usualunusual不寻常的willingunwilling不愿意的第23页，共37页。真题链接1.It is difficult to figure out a global popu

19、lation of polar bears as much of the range has been (poor) studied.(2019全国)答案及剖析:1.poorly考查副词。句意:很难计算出全球北极熊的数量,因为它们大部分活动范围没有很好地被研究。修饰动词studied用副词poorly。第24页，共37页。2.We are so proud of her.Its (wonder). (2019全国)3.Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around huma

20、n settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are(high) than they actually are. (2019全国) 答案及剖析:2.wonderful本句是主系表结构,故用wonder的形容词形式作表语。3.higher考查形容词比较级。句意:科学家回应指出饥饿的熊可能会聚集在人类居住区周围,导致人们的错觉是熊的数量比实际数量多。根据than可知用比较级。that populations are higher than they actually are 是 the illusion(错觉)的同位语从句。第

21、25页，共37页。4.Her years of hard work have(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.(2019全国)5.They also shared with us many(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were (huge) popular with tourists.(2019全国)答案及剖析:4.finally此处应用副词作状语,修饰谓语动词。5.traditional;hu

22、gely本题有提示词,给名词填形容词,考查词性与句子成分的对等性,根据前面的many及其后的stories可知,此处应填形容词作定语;所填的词修饰形容词popular,故应用huge的副词形式hugely。behugely popular with表示“非常受欢迎”。第26页，共37页。跟踪训练运用 重实效冲高考.单句语法填空1.Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend,and its never too early to make n

23、ecessary preparations for a healthy and (meaning) college experience.(2019北京)答案及剖析:1.meaningful考查词形转换。根据句意以及句子结构可知,此处用形容词作定语修饰名词college experience。第27页，共37页。2.When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings,car drivers can (easy) see them.(2019浙江)3.According to a review of eviden

24、ce in a medical journal,runners live three years (long) than non-runners.(2018全国)答案及剖析:2.easily考查副词。司机就能很容易看到他们。此处修饰动词see要用副词easily,作状语。3.longer考查形容词比较级。根据空白处之后的than可知,此处用long的比较级。第28页，共37页。4.According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total(globe) fertilizer consumption.(2018

25、全国)5.A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.(2018全国)答案及剖析:4.global考查词性转换。此处和total一起修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption意为“全世界的化肥总消耗量”。5.actually考查词性转换。应用副词作状语修饰介词短语behind the change。第29页，共37页。6.You can live a more (power) life w

26、hen you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself.7.Have you ever been so (absorb) in a video game as to forget sleep and meals?答案及剖析:6.powerful空格处修饰后面的名词life,用形容词,指“强有力的”。7.absorbed此处作表语,位于系动词后,故填absorbed“专心于”。第30页，共37页。8.Things in charity shops are much (cheap) tha

27、n those in street stores.9.Police are asking for help from the public with an investigation into an armed robbery at downtown (early) this year.10.If the patient was extremely fat,it was (possible) to hear any heartbeat at all.答案及剖析:8.cheaper由系动词可知填形容词,另外由“than”可知填比较级,故填cheaper。9.earlier根据空格位置可知此处填副

28、词,根据语境,“今年早些时间在购物街发生的持械抢劫案”可知填比较级earlier。10.impossible本题考查词性转换,根据语境可知此处表示不可能的。故填possible的反义词,在其前加前缀“im-”。第31页，共37页。.语法填空 Visitors to Britain may find the 1. (good) place to enjoy local culture is in a 2. (tradition) pub.A team of researchers have discovered some of the unknown culture of British pub

29、s starting with the 3. (difficult) of getting a drink.This may sound inconvenient,but there is a 4. (hide) meaning.第32页，共37页。 Pub culture is formed to improve sociability in a society that is known for its coldness.Standing at the bar for service allows you to chat with others who are waiting to be

30、served.The bar counter is 5. .(possible) the only place in Britain where a 6. (friend) talk with strangers is considered to be 7. (entire) proper and really quite normal behavior.8. ,if you do not follow the local rules,the experience may fall flat.For example,if you are in a big group,it is best fo

31、r one or two people to go to buy the drinks.Nothing makes the regular customers and bar staff angry 9. (much) than a group of 10. (strange) blocking all passages to the bar while they chat and hesitate about what to order.语篇解读:本文讲述的是关于享受英国文化最好的去处:酒吧。第33页，共37页。答案及剖析:1.best考查形容词最高级的用法。根据语境分析可知,此处暗含了一定的范围,即“在英