英国文学简史Chapters78精编版课件

1、English LiteratureChapters 78第1页，共22页。Key Points in Chapter 7Movement toward RomanticismJames ThomsonEdward YoungGeorge CrabbeWilliam CowperWilliam BlakeIntroductionWorksRobert BurnsIntroductionWorks第2页，共22页。Movement toward RomanticismExtremes tend to provoke a reaction. With Pope and then Samuel Jo

2、hnson at the helm, the 18th century raged forward with the heroic couplet and almost outlawed other forms.However, from the very outset, some dissenting voices existed and tried to make themselves heard.There was also the sly but steady assertion of emotion in the age of reason.With Robert Burns and

3、 William Blake coming forth eventually on the scene, the stage were well set for a new generation of poets, the Romantics.第3页，共22页。James Thomson(1700-1748)He is remembered now mostly for his The Seasons.The Castle of Indolence with its medieval allegorical kind of story, is read occasionally as well

4、.The Seasons is a long poem of over 5,500 lines, composed in blank verse instead of the tyrannical heroic couplet.第4页，共22页。Edward Young(1683-1765)He is now known solely for his long poem of some ten thousand lines, Complaint, or Night Thoughts on Life, Death, and Immortality, popularly known as Nigh

5、t Thoughts.The work helped to move poetry forward toward the age of Romanticism: for one thing, it was written in blank verse, not in the fashionable heroic couplet; then the poem is an adequate expression of emotions.Night Thoughts is noted for its psychological probings and its mixing of personal

6、sentiments with religious deliberations.第5页，共22页。 William Cowper (1731-1800)His personal life was turbulent and depressing. He was high-strung and suicidal.His blank verse proved to be the best of his time.His major works include the Onley Hymns and The Task, for which he is known and read today.第6页

7、，共22页。 William Blake (1757-1827)IntroductionBlake was an important landmark in between two literary periods, pointing directly to that of Romanticism.There were two factors in his life that helped to orient his thematic thrust. One was his native sensitivity that enabled him to see visions and devel

8、op a kind of mysticism. The other was his contact with some radical people.The two major thematic strands that make up the basic fabric of his poetry include his concern with social events and his mysticism.Blake was basically a visionary第7页，共22页。 William Blake (1757-1827)WorksSongs of Innocence“Inf

9、ant Joy”“The Blossom”“The Lamb”“The Divine Image”Songs of Experience“Infant Sorrow”“The Sick Rose”“The Tiger”“The Human Abstract”第8页，共22页。 Robert Burns (1759-1796)IntroductionBorn into a poor Scottish farmers family. He experienced dire poverty and had close contact with common life and common peopl

10、e.He is critical of Calvinism and its hypocrisy and rigid morality.Burns wrote in the Scottish dialect, English, and a medley of the two.第9页，共22页。 Robert Burns (1759-1796)Works “A Red Red Rose”“Tam OShanter”“For A That an A That”第10页，共22页。 A Red Red RoseO my Luves like a red, red roseThats newly spr

11、ung in June;O my Luves like the melodieThats sweetly playd in tune.As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,So deep in luve am I:And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a the seas gang dry:Till a the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi the sun:I will luve thee still, my dear,While the sands o life

12、 shall run.And fare thee well, my only LuveAnd fare thee well, a while!And I will come again, my Luve,Tho it were ten thousand mile.第11页，共22页。Key Points in Chapter 818th Century FictionJonathan SwiftWorksGullivers TravelsDaniel DefoeIntroductionRobinson CrusoeSamuel RichardsonHenry FieldingAesthetic

13、 TheoriesWorksLaurence SterneTobias Smollett第12页，共22页。 18th Century Fiction18th century was one in which the novel as a genre prospered not only in the practice, but also in the theory of the craft.The writers developed the realistic method of presentation and brought story-telling infinitely closer

14、 to the real life as lived by the real people.第13页，共22页。 Jonathan Swift(1667-1745)WorksThe Battle of the BooksTale of a TubThe Irish Drapiers LettersA Modest ProposalIt is one of the most caustic satires ever written in literary historyGullivers Travels第14页，共22页。 Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)Gullivers

15、TravelsThis is a savage satire in the form of a fabulous travelogueThe book consists of four parts, each recording one voyage to one outlandish “remote” place.Part I: “A Voyage to Lilliput”Part II: “A Voyage to Brobdingnag”Part III: “A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibari, Glubbdubdrib, Luggnagg, and Japan”P

16、art IV: “A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhunms”第15页，共22页。 Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)IntroductionHis views on the novel focus on two things of significance to the emerging genre (novel): its realism and its moral aesthetic.His protagonists are common people with real common names and speak as “I”,

17、 telling their own stories in the first-person narrative, addressing the readers directly without any mediation, just so as to increase the realistic effect of immediacy and involvement.第16页，共22页。 Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)Robinson CrusoeIt is the work for which Defoe is remembered by all.The popular

18、Robinson Crusoe story as people normally know it is in fact the narrative focus of the first part.It is first and foremost a middle class book, offering justification for the class forthcoming rise to pre-dominance in national life.The book is a typical Puritan tale.Robinson Crusoe is frequently see

19、n simply as a true-to-life, no more and no less, specimen of the ordinary humankind. Bodying forth the sum total of the perseverance and indomitableness of human spirit. It is this quality in the character that remains eternally charming and great.第17页，共22页。 Samuel Richardson (1689-1751)Pamela, Or V

20、irtue Rewarded marks the beginning of conversational manner of narration.Richard has been seen as the beginning in one of these psychological realism in the history of the English novel.第18页，共22页。 Henry Fielding (1707-1754)Aesthetic TheoriesHis was the first attempt ever to define the novel as a pro

21、se epic (“Prosaic-comic-epic Writing” as he calls it) that is not inferior to an epic poem. Fielding sees the novel as a vehicle for moral inculcation, a mirror and an imitation of nature and life. Though imitating life, art is, to him, not life.Fielding deems it necessary for a writer to have four

22、basic qualitiesnative gift, adequate learning, rich experience with life and a kind heart.第19页，共22页。 Henry Fielding (1707-1754)WorksJoseph AndrewsIt has been seen as the first realistic novel in English fiction.Its focus is on the presentation of English life as being lived then, so that it ends up as a novel of manners.Tom JonesIt is Fieldings masterpieceMajor characters: Squire Allworthy, Tom Jones, Jenny Jones, Patridge, Bridget, Master Blifil, the Westerns, Sophia第20页，共22页。 Laurence Stern