《新思维职业英语综合教程2》课件unit 5

1、Unit 5新思维职业英语综合教程 2New Thinking Vocational English Listening and Speaking能够听懂与聚会有关的英语表达。学会与聚会相关的英语表达，能够进行相关话题的日常对话。Reading Intensive Reading：本文介绍了宇宙中暗物质的存在，包括其构成、 性质和在宇宙中所起的作用；并推测了暗物质对太阳可能造成的威胁。通过学习本文，要引导学生开拓科技视野。 Extensive Reading：本文介绍了科学家在研究人类撒谎行为方面获得的新发现。 通过阅读本文，学生可了解到大脑中前额叶皮质区的白质对撒谎行为所起的重要作用。Pra

2、ctical Writing了解私人信函的作用，掌握其主要内容、基本格式及常用的英文表达。Language GuideGrammar Focus：掌握不定式的形式和句法功能。Enjoying English理解幽默故事大意并且能够复述。Objectives4Section A Listening and Speaking1235Section B Reading Section C Practical WritingSection D Language Guide Section E Enjoying English HighlightsSection A Listening and Spea

3、kingSentencesDialoguesTopic IntroductionPassageStituational Dialogue 聚会是社交与餐饮结合的一种形式。人们通过聚会，不仅能获得饮食艺术的享受，而且可增进人际间的交往。聚会的种类多样，氛围各异，如既有轻松、愉快的鸡尾酒会 (cocktail party)，又有正式、隆重的商务宴会 (business banquet)。参加不同的聚会，要选择不同的穿着，要有得体的言谈举止，这样才能把自己打造成为社交圈里处处受欢迎的“社交能手 (social swinger)” ！Topic IntroductionIm going to have

4、 a party this Saturday. Would you like to come? A. Oh, Id love to. 2. Im sure everyone will have a good laugh at the party. D. Thats the plan!3. Hi, there, Ive met you before, havent I? B. No, I dont think so.4. Your name is Sara, isnt it? A. Yes. Nice to meet you. 5. The party is wonderful. Good jo

5、b! C. Thanks. Its very nice of you to say so. SentencesDialoguesNew Wordssmall talk 寒暄，闲谈dull adj. 无聊的hit the road 出发，上路host vt. 主办，主持 theme n. 题目，主题Dialogue 1W: Cathy just invited me to a party at her house on Saturday.M: Great! Im sure youll have a good time.W: Im not so sure. I dont know her frie

6、nds very well. You know, Im not good at small talk.M: Dont worry. You will know what to say when you meet them.Q : What is the mans suggestion?Dialogue 2M: The hosts know how to host a party, dont they?W: Oh yes. Peter and Anna have always loved having parties.M: At this dull time of year, its great

7、 to have a party.W: Yes, as long as the right people are invited.Q : What makes a party successful according to the woman? ScriptDialogue 3M: Hi, Tina. Great party, isnt it? Everyone seems to be having a good time. W: Yeah, Ben. Super! By the way, do you know that girl talking to Jack?M: Who? Oh, Th

8、ats Helen. Shall I introduce you to her?W: Thatd be nice.Q : What will the man do next?Dialogue 4M: Hello, Kay. Its Dan. I just received the invitation to your party. W: Hello, Dan. Can you make it?M: Yeah, I can. Is there going to be a theme for the party?W: No, I dont think so. Just a chance to ge

9、t together and have fun.Q : What is true about the party?Dialogue 5M: Christina, thanks for a great party! We had a really nice time.W: Oh, Bob, you dont have to leave already, do you? Its only 11.M: Sorry, I have to get up really early tomorrow, so I should hit the road soon.Q : What is the man goi

10、ng to do? 1. B. Take it easy and just go to the party. 2. C. Inviting proper people. 3. D. Introduce Tina to Helen. 4. C. Its held by Kay. 5. C. Leave the party. AnswersPassageNew Wordsembarrassment n. 窘迫scan vt. 查看alcohol 含酒精饮料appreciation n. 感谢nerve n. 神经紧张somewhat adv. 有点 Want to enjoy yourself i

11、n a party with people you meet for the first time? Here are a few suggestions. First, wear appropriate and comfortable clothing. Ask what kind of party you will attend and what the dress code is. In this way you can save yourself from embarrassment. Second, bring a gift to show appreciation to the h

12、ost or hostess of the party. It could be a bottle of wine, food you cooked, or any gift that you think is appropriate. Third, scan the room and find a friendly face. Approach the person and introduce yourself. Start conversations by talking about general topics. The person you talk to at first may i

13、ntroduce you to some of his friends. You will be surprised at knowing many people there. Fourth, if you are a little nervous, get something to drink to calm your nerves. It doesnt have to be alcohol. The four tips above are especially useful to someone who is somewhat shy. Script1. Some suggestions

14、for people to enjoy a party. 2. Four.1. T2. F 3. F 1. dress code 2. bring a gift 3. general topics 4. a little nervous AnswersSituational Dialoguesvase n. 花瓶cuttings n. 切割下的东西unfortunately adv. 不幸的是New Words and PhrasesActivities(E=Ella, T=Tom)E: A friend has invited me to her wedding party. T: That

15、s great! I guess youll experience a western style wedding then?E: Yeah. Its good, isnt it? By the way, I need your help. I cant figure out what to get her for her wedding. T: People love to bring perfume to a lady.E: Im not sure. I dont know the brand and smell she likes. T: How about sparkler rods,

16、 or brightly colored doilies? E: I want to give them a pleasant surprise, but I am afraid that they must have had a lot of decorations already. T: Well, then why not give them custom-made his-and-hers watches? You can choose a unique design!E: Thats a great idea! Thanks a lot!Section B ReadingIntens

17、ive ReadingExtensive ReadingIntensive ReadingExercisesWarm-up Exercises TextVocabularyWarm-up ExercisesI . spaceship astronaut rocket solar system solar eclipse space station II . 1. The sun provides energy which allows human beings to exist on earth. This energy is the sustaining force that allows

18、human beings to live on earth. Energy from the sun helps plants grow. These plants are then either eaten by animals or humans, giving them energy to function. The animals that eat the plants also produce additional food for humans to consume either directly or indirectly. And the sun also keeps huma

19、n beings from freezing to death and gives human beings light to see by. 2. Without the sun all forms of life on earth would die. Without sunlight there would be no green plants. However, not only would plants disappear but the animals like cows, sheep, insects or fish that depend on green plants for

20、 food would also disappear. Since our food chain rises from plants to animals to human beings, there could be no life on this planet.The Sun Is Dying The sun will not live forever. It has enough fuel left, if our current understanding is correct, for another 5 billion years, at which point it will d

21、ie. But could it be possible for the sun to die much sooner? From a scientific perspective, it should be said that this is very unlikely. But, it is also true that there is a lot about the universe that we do not understand. VocabularyStructureNotesText Over the last few years astronomers have obser

22、ved that there is extra “stuff” in the universe. We can see it only by its gravitational influence on stars and galaxies. This stuff goes by the name of dark matter, and there is five times as much dark matter in the universe as there is normal matter, the stuff that makes up you, me, and the stars

23、and planets we can see with our telescopes. What is this mysterious stuff? Its possible, some scientists would say likely even, that this stuff is made of particles known as supersymmetric particles. VocabularyStructureNotes Theoretical physicists have spent many years calculating the properties of

24、these supersymmetric particles, and we have a reasonable theoretical understanding of how they might behave. One possibility is that they could clump together into giant balls known as Q-balls. If this is true, then these heavy objects could have been made billionths of a second after our universe b

25、egan, and still be roaming the universe today. VocabularyStructureNotes Could such a dangerous, exotic object drift into the suns core and cause it to stop shining? Its likely that the sun is many times too diffuse to stop a Q-ball. Maybe, just maybe, some strange form of matter from the earliest ti

26、mes in the universe could settle deep within the suns core, and disrupt its function enough to cause the catastrophic scenario seen in Sunshine. Its far-fetched, but we have a saying in physics that anything that isnt clearly ruled out is therefore possible, so in the final analysis, you never quite

27、 know. VocabularyStructureNotesPartParagraphMain Idea1Para. 1The sun may die much sooner than weve expected.2Para. 2Para. 3Dark matter has been found in the universe and physicists have got some understanding of its possible behavior. 4Para. 4No one is sure whether dark matter will cause the sun to

28、die sooner. StructureTextVocabularyNotesforever adv. 永远perspective n. 观点，思考方法；景观，远景 from the perspective of 从的角度universe n. 宇宙，天地万物astronomer n. 天文学家observe vt. 注意到，观察到 gravitational adj. 引力的，重力引起的galaxy n. 星系；银河 (系)telescope n. 望远镜TextStructureNotesVocabularyNew Words TextStructureNotesmysterious a

29、dj. 神秘的，奇怪的，不易解释的 mystery n. 神秘的事物，奥秘；神秘，不可思议particle n. (物) 粒子；微粒，颗粒supersymmetric adj. 超对称的theoretical adj. 理论上的physicist n. 物理学家calculate vt. 计算；预测，推测 calculate on/upon 指望 calculation n. 计算；估计，预测，推测 calculator n. 计算器property n. 性质，特性；财产TextStructureNotesreasonable adj. 可以接受的，合乎情理的；公平的，合理的possibil

30、ity n. 可能性，可能 by any possibility 也许，有可能 beyond/within the realms of possibility 超出/在可能范围clump vt. & vi. 聚集，被聚集成群 n. (尤指树或植物的) 丛，簇roam vt. & vi. 漫步，闲逛 roam over 漫谈diffuse adj. 弥漫的，扩散的，漫射的disrupt vt. 扰乱，使中断 disruption n. 分裂，瓦解catastrophic adj. 灾难性的scenario n. 设想，方案；可能出现的情况far-fetched adj. 难以置信的therefo

31、re adv. 因此，所以by the name of 名叫的make up 形成, 构成；弥补，补偿rule out 把排除在外，认为不合适；阻止TextStructureNotes Phrases and ExpressionsNotes 1. .there is five times as much dark matter in the universe as there is normal matter, the stuff that makes up you, me, and the stars and planets we can see with our telescopes.

32、宇宙中暗物质的数量是已知普通物质的五倍， 这些普通的物质构成了你、我，还有我们能用望远镜看到的恒星和行星。 本句中the stuff是normal matter的同位语，对normal matter作进一步的解释、说明。除名词可带同位语外，形容词、副词、动词、介词词组、分句等都可以带有自己的同位语。 e.g. 1) He became more greedymore attentive to money. 他变得更为贪婪，更加在意金钱。 (形容词greedy带同位语) 2) A host or hostess is required to speak sofluently and clearl

33、y. 要求主持人这样讲话：流畅而清晰。 (副词so带同位语) 3) The old lady always murmursspeaks in a rapid, low voice. 这位老太太总是小声说话，用快而低的声音说。 (动词murmur带同位语) 4) Most visitors reach Scotland from the south, that is, from England. 大部分游客都从南部来到苏格兰， 即从英格兰来。 (介词词组from the south带同位语) 5) As long as you are optimistic, i.e., so long as y

34、ou take everything positively, you will be successful. 只要你乐观，即只要你积极地看待每件事，你就会成功。 (as long as引导的条件从句带同位语)TextStructureVocabularyNotes 2. Its likely that the sun is many times too diffuse to stop a Q-ball.很可能由于太阳光线非常分散，从而不能阻挡住电荷球。 当从句在句中做主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语置于句首，而将从句放在句尾；常用句型为：it+be+形容词/名词

35、/过去分词+从句。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。 e.g. 1) It is uncertain who will come. 谁要来还不确定。 2) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film yesterday. 你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。 3) It is believed that China will become one of the strongest countries in the world. 大家都相信中国将会步入世界强国之列。TextStructureVocabularyReading Comprehensio

36、n 5 billion observation dark matter normal matter particles calculation properties Q-balls roaming diffuseII. F、F、T、F、T、FIII. 1. It goes by the name of dark matter and its possibly made of supersymmetric particles. 2. One possibility is that supersymmetric particles could clump together into giant b

37、alls known as Q-balls which could eat away at the core of a superdense object, causing it to explode.Exercisespossible可能；可能存在 (或发生) 的：指由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调客观上有可能， 但常含有实际希望很小的意思。 常用句型有：it is possible (for sb.) to do sth.；it is possible+that 从句。e.g. 1) If you do this, it is possible for you to off

38、end people. 2) It is possible that we will arrive at the village at dusk.likely可能的，预料的，有希望的：指从表面迹象来看很有可能, 成为现实的可能性比possible 要大。常用句型有：主语 (人或物)+is likely to do sth.； it is likely+that从句。e.g. 1) Im hardly likely to finish it within a week. 2) It is likely that he will come back bable 很可能发生

39、(或存在等) 的：指事情的发生是有根据的或逻辑上合乎情理的，推理成分较重， 所表示的事情成为现实的可能性在三个词中最大。 常用句型有：sth. is probable；It is probable+that从句。e.g. 1) His success is not impossible but hardly probable. 2) It is probable that the economic situation will be better.Vocabulary Practice 1. probable 2. possible 3. likely 4. possible 5. likel

40、y 6. possible 7. likely 8. probable 1. reasonable 2. violent 3. mysterious 4. properties 5.perspective 6. forever1. rule out 2. was made of 3. was known as 4. by the name of 5. make up 6. ruled out Exercises1. I observed them walking into the library. 2. His house is three times as much as mine. 3.

41、The new car is smaller andthereforecheaper. 4. It is obvious that this concept is at the very core of her theory. 5. The poor little girl burst into tears when she heard the bad news./Hearing the bad news, the poor little girl burst into tears.II. 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. ATranslation TrainingPartParagraph

42、Main Idea1Para. 1Most people can control lying but some people lie repeatedly and compulsively.2Para. 2Para. 6A study shows that there is more white matter in the liars prefrontal cortex and scientists infer that white matter can help liars tell lies. 3Para. 7The study is just a first step.Extensive

43、 ReadingStructureExercises1. D 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. CSection C Practical WritingPersonal LetterPersonal Letter私人信函是指家人或朋友之间交流信息、联络感情的信件。一、私人信函的基本内容 信头 信内地址 称呼 正文 结尾礼词 签名二、私人信函的基本格式信头信头通常在第一页的右上角分行写出，不能越过信纸中间。信头分为平头式和缩行式两种，先写写信人的地址，后写写信日期。信内地址 信内地址一般位于信纸的左上角，靠左顶格写，位于写信日期的下方，与写信日期之间一般间隔12行。称呼 称呼通常与信内地址间隔

44、12行，从左边顶格写并自成一行，结尾通常用逗号。正文正文通常从低于称呼12行处写起，段首可缩进4个字母，也可每行都顶格。结尾礼词与签名结尾礼词位于正文下方，通常与正文间隔13行，可以于右方偏中处写，或从左侧顶格写；结尾礼词第一个单词的首字母要大写，结尾用逗号。附言附言通常与签名间隔12行，从左侧顶格写。信头 写信人的地址由小到大分行写出。信内地址 信内地址中收信人地址的写法与信头中写信人地址的写法相同。称呼 书信中，家人、朋友之间通常以教名或昵称相称。正文一般来说，英文书信没有固定的起首语，但是人们习惯用一些客套写法作为书信正文的开始。正文结束前，通常需要采用结束语，以告知对方正文部分已经写完

45、。结尾礼词三、私人信函的常用表达 信封的写法信封通常包含写信人的姓名与地址、收信人的姓名与地址以及信封上所附注的说明。写信人姓名与地址写在信封的左上角或信封背面的中上方。收信人的姓名与地址写在信封的中间或稍右。邮票贴在信封的右上角。平头式与缩行式均可采用，目前多采用平头式。但无论采用哪种形式，均须同信内的姓名与地址一致。 为了使所发信件投递方便，写信人往往在信封上附注必要的说明。此类说明常写在信封正面的左下角，或左上角写信人的地址上面。常见的附加说明有：Air Mail (By Air Mail, Via Air Mail) 航空，Air Mail Registered 航空挂号，Sea Ma

46、il海运，Express 挂号，Urgent 急件，Private 亲启，Personal 亲收，Secret 密件等。 平头式信封范例:Maddy Smith11 O Connor Crescent StampWarragul VIC 3820AustraliaGran SmithGraduate Studies Northern State University 1200 South Jay Street Aberdeen, SD 57401-7198URGENT USA157 Concord Road Billerica, MA 01821Sept. 6, 2010 607 North

47、Willington Avenue West Palm Beach, FL 33404 Dear Joanna, I really want to thank you for all of the trouble you went to, entertaining us over the past holiday. I know that you organized this holiday gathering because you enjoy doing it and you love to have everyone get together at your place. Neverth

48、eless, I just want to make sure that you understand how much the rest of us appreciate everything you did to make these get-togethers happen. I know how much work was involved. I realize how much planning and preparation you must have to make. We really had a good time! So Joanna, on behalf of every

49、one, I want to express my sincere thanks to you for all that you did during the holiday! With love and admiration. Yours, Tom ExercisesSection D Language GuideGrammar FocusThe following are sentences with infinitives. Compare the infinitives and find out their differences.To save time is to lengthen

50、 life.It was impossible for lost time to be made up.He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered.We hoped to have caught the early bus, but found it had left.Finding FeaturesGrammar FocusThe InfinitiveKnowing the Grammar 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式，通常由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成，在句中可用作除谓语外的其他句子成分。一、不

51、定式的形式体的变化(1)一般式：不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，有时同时发生。(2)进行式：不定式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。(3)完成式：不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。(4)完成进行式：不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，并且一直进行着。语态的变化(1)主动语态：当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时，不定式用主动语态。(2)被动语态：当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动语态。二、不定式的句法功能不定式在句中可以充当谓语以外的所有句子成分。做主语(1)通常表示具体、一次性的动作或将来

52、的动作，与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。(2)常用it做形式主语而把不定式结构后置，以 避免句子出现头重脚轻的现象。 不定式做主语的句中如果还有一个不定式做表语，则不能用it做形式主语。此外，这样的句子不能用动名词做表语。例如： () To teach is to learn. () It is to learn to teach./To teach is learning. 做表语(1)与做主语一样，通常表示具体、一次性的动作或将来的动作，与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。(2)当主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggesti

53、on等为中心词的名词词组或是what引导的名词性从句时，做表语的不定式说明主语的内容；在谚语和格言中，讲究主表的一致性，如果主语是不定式，表语也用不定式，主语表示条件，表语表示结果。做宾语不定式可放在某些及物动词之后，用作及物动词的宾语，如agree, ask, aim, choose, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等。 (2)不定式有时与连接代词、连接副词一起构成宾语。(3)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，常用it做形式宾语代替不定式，而把不定式置于补

54、语之后。做定语(1)放在被修饰的词后，对所修饰的词进行解释、说明等，常表示未发生的动作。(2)有时不定式与它所修饰的词存在逻辑上的动宾关系，此时，句中如果有不定式所表示的动作的执行者，不定式用主动形式，否则用被动形式。做状语不定式可以修饰句中的动词、形容词、副词或全句，表示目的、原因、结果等。做补语(1)有些动词后可接由“宾语+宾语补足语”构成的复合宾语，常用的可接不定式做宾语补足语的动词有allow, ask, cause, consider, expect, find, imagine, know, tell, think, want, wish等。 (2)带有宾语补足语的动词在变为被动语

55、态时，由于宾语变成了主语，原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。 不定式的省略 (1) 为了避免重复，不定式符号to之后的内容可以省略，这种省略常见于非正式语体。例如： He wanted to go to Tibet, but he wasnt able to. He hasnt finished his work yet. Well, he ought to. (2) 当两个带to的不定式由and或or连接在一起时，第二个不定式符号to常省略。但当二者有对比含义时，或不用并列连词时，第二个不定式符号to不可省略。例如： I intend to call on him and discuss

56、this question. To be or not to be, that is a question. (3) 介词后通常不可用不定式做宾语，但是介词but/except除外。其后的不定式有时带to，有时不带to。如果but/except前的谓语动词含有实义动词do的某个形式时，通常省略to；不含则要带to；含有do但不是用作谓语时，带不带to均可，但以不带to多见。例如： He did nothing all day except watch TV. I had no choice but to turn back. There is nothing to do but (to) wait.I. 1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. C 11. C 12. BII. Because he loved French, Pierre refused to speak any other language. 宾语 2. The most important thing to do is not always obvious. 定