2018年北京中考英语试题及答案

1、 2018年北京市高级中等学校招生考试英语试卷姓名准考证号考场号座位号考1.本试卷共10页，共五道大题，39道小题，满分60分。考试时间90分钟。生2.在试卷和草稿纸上准确填写姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号。须3.试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。知4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。5.考试结束，将本试卷、答题卡卡和草稿纸一并交回。知识运用（共14分）单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。l.MybrotherandIlikefootball.playittogetheronc

2、eaweek.A.IB.TheyC.WeD.You2.Happybirthday,Peter!Heresa.giftyou.A.forB.inC.withD.from3.A.WhenB.HowC.WhereD.Why4.Manypeoplelikepandastheyarecute.A.thoughB.ifC.whileD.becausedoyouusuallygotoschool,Mary?Bybike.5.IA.canB.mightC.mustD.couldgonow,orIllmissmytrain.6.Tonyis.ofthethreeboys,butheisthetallest.A.

3、youngB.youngerC.youngestD.theyoungest7.Billlikesreading.Hepicturebookswithhisdadeveryevening.A.readB.readsC.isreadingD.hasread&Paul,whatwereyoudoingatnineLastnight?amovieinthecinemawithmyfriends.A.waswatchingB.watchC.havewatchedD.willwatch9.Davidatennisplayer,He.toplaytenniswhenhewassixyearsold.A.be

4、ginsB.willbeginC.beganD.hasbegun10.Lucy,isyouruncleateacher?Yes,heis.Hehistoryfornearly20years.A.teachesB.hastaughtC.isteachingD.willteach11.Anewinternationalairportinthecitynextyear.A.completesB.iscompletedC.willcompleteD.willbecompleted12.Alice,couldyoutellmeLondon?Sure.LastSundayA.whenMr.Smithlef

5、tB.whenMr.SmithwillleaveC.whendidMr.SmithleaveD.whenwillMr.Smithleave二、完形填空（共8分，每小题1分）阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。RealSolutions（解决方法）toProblemsThirtyengineerswereworkingasateaminacompany.Theywereyoungandeagertolearn.Themanagementdecidedtoteachthemaboutfindingrealsolutionstoproblems

6、Oneday,theteamwascalledfora13inahall.Theywerequitesurprisedandallreachedthehallholdingvarious14.Astheyentered,theyfoundaboxplacedinthecenter,fullofflatballoonsThemanageraskedeveryonetopickaballoonandblowitup.Thentheywereaskedtowritetheirnamesontheirrespective（各自的）balloons15sothattheballoonswouldntbl

7、owout.Alltried,butnoteveryonewas16.Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure（压力）.Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswere17outofthegame.Asaresult,25engineerscametothenextlevel.Alltheballoonscarryingtheirnameswere18andthenputintoaroom,hereandthere.Theengineersweretoldtopicktheballoonwithhisorhernameon,

8、Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush.Itwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewasableto19therightone.Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover.Thencamethefinallevel,theengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittopersonnamedontheballoon.Withinacoupleofminutes,allballoons20thehandsoftherespectiveeng

9、ineers.Themanagerannouncedthiswastherealsolutiontotheproblem.Manytimesinourlife,sharingandhelpingothersgiveusrealsolutionstoproblems.13.A.gameB.showC.concertD.patry14.A.purposesB.suggestionsC.thoughtsD.plans15.A.quietlyB.carefullyC.secretlyD.clearly16.A.bonestB.readyC.patientD.succeesful17.A.checked

10、B.helpedC.ruledD.cleaned18.A.collectedB.weighedC.tiedD.cleaned19.A.markB.hideC.numberD.find20.A.freedB.reachedC.liftedD.hit阅读理解（共36分）三、阅读下列短文根据短文内容，从文后各所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。（共26分，每小题2分）ARoger:Hi,there!Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday.SomeofmyfriendsandAlan,mycousin,cametocelebrateit.Everyonebrought

11、meagift,weplayedgames,sangsongsandhadabigbirthdaycake.Itwasreallyawonderfulday!Didyoudoanythingspeciallastweek?Jessica:Yes,Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek.First,WewenttotheUniversityofNorthCarolinatolearnaboutthehistoryofitsbasketballteam.Manybasketballstarswerestudentsthere.Thenwevisitedamuse

12、um.Welearnedabouthowtheplanewasinventedandtookmanypicturesthere.Sara:Well,Iwasluckyenoughtogotoaconference（会议）oncharity（慈善）lastWednesday.Iwasexcitedtomeetalotofkindpeoplethere.OneofthemwasaboynamedRichard.Hespokeattheconferenceaboutthecharityworkthathehaddoneinthepastfewyears.Martin:Itwasadifferentw

13、eekthanusual,LastThursday,myschoolband（乐队）wenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition.Iplayedtheviolinandwewonaprize!OnFridaywewenttotheGeorgiaAquariumandgottoseedifferentkindsofsealifefromovertheworld.Itwasreallycool!WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty?LastWednesdayB.lastthursdayC.LastFridayD.LastSaturday.Wh

14、owentonaschoolfieldtriplastweek?Alan.B.JessicaC.SaraD.Richard.MartinwenttoAtlanta.speakataconferenceB.organizeapartyC.performinacompetitionD.visitauniversityBABeautifulMomentWhenIwasinhighschool.Iworkedpart-timehelpingDadsellfruitsandvegetablesatamatket.Oneday,asIwaspreparingthefruits.Alittleboycame

15、bywithhismomandsister.Hewasabouteightyearsold,andthegirl,fiveorsix.Theywerelookingthefruitsinfrontofme.Iheardthekidssaytotheirmom（inFrench）,They昌regood!IknewitwasFrench.BecauseIcanspeakandunderstandit.ThenInoticedhowmomwaspickingthefruits.AtfirstIthoughtshewasreallylookingatthefruitsbecauseshewasfac

16、ingthem.ButthenInoticedhowmuchshehadtofeelandsmelleachoneasshepickedthemout.Andoftenaskedhersonifitlookedokay,butlookedwayabovewherehisfacewas.PuttingwhatIsawtogether,Iwassureshewasblind.Bothofthekidscontinuedtohelptheirmompickoutthefruits.Thesonmadesurethefruitswerenotobviouslybad,andthedaughterhan

17、dedthemtohermom.Thewomanthenfelteachoneandsmiled,andthedaughterwouldputthemintotheirbasket.Thekidsweresmilingwhilehelpingtheirmompickthefruitsout.Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesort

18、oysinastoreforthemselves,insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruitsasthetwokidsdid.Itwasgreattowitnessthemoment,butnotsogreatbecauseIdidnittellthemomhowbeautifulherchildrenwereintheirlanguage.thisiswhatIregrettothisday.TOC o 1-5 h zThewomenandherkidscametothemarkettobuy.fruitsB.vegetablesC.candiesD.toysA

19、ccordingtowhathesaw,thewriterwassurethemothercouldnit.speakB.seeC.smellD.hearThewriterwasmovedbecause.themotherwasbravetofaceherproblems.thekidswerepoliteandkindtoeachotherthemotherwascarefulinpickingoutthingsthekidsweresowillingtohelptheirmotherCSomeprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmor

20、egreenspacearound.Theyarelikelytocomewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterincertainareasofthebrain.Thesedifferencesareassociated（关联）withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction（认知功能）.ThisisthemainconclusionofastudyledbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth.Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpai

21、n.Lifelongexposure（接触）togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecorded一usingtheinformationonthechildrensaddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging（MRI）.Workingmemoryandinattentiveness（注意力不集中）weregradedwithcomputers.“Thisisthefirststudythatshowsthea

22、ssociationbetweenlong-termexposuretogreenspaceandbrainstructure.”SaysDr.PayamDadvand,theleadingresearcherofthestudy,“Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain.”Thefindingsshowthatlong-termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhite

23、andgreymattervolumesinseveralpartsofthebrain.Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests.Moreover,largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandlessinattentiveness.Exposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildren.Anotherstudyof2,593child

24、renshowsthatchildreninschoolwithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemoryandagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness.Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature.Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchandlearn.Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery,creativityandr

25、isktaking.Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.Dr.Dadvandsstudysuggestshowsuchstrueturalchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreenspacesoncognitivedevelopment,italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposuretogreennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasin

26、ggreennessincities.Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulations,settingsandclimates.Andresearchersneedtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout.A.howthestudywasperformedB.whatwasrecordedinthestudyC.howlongthestudylastedD.whotookpart

27、inthestudyTheword“prompt”inparagraph6probablymeans“”.A.controlB.encourageC.balanceD.changeWhatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Workingmemoryinfluenceswhiteandgreymatterinthebrain.Dr.Dadvandstressedtheimportanceofchangingtheenvironment.StudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutsofSpain.D.Livingingr

28、eenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment.DWeoftenreachapointinourlifewhenweshouldbereadyforchangethatwillhelpusunlockourself-improvementpower.However,theresalwayssomethingstaringatusrightunderournosebutwedontseeit.Theonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsw

29、orst.Whendowerealizethatweneedtochangediets?Whennoneofourshirtsandjeanswouldfitus.Whendowestopeatingcandiesandchocolates?Whenallofourteethhavefallenoff.Whendowerealizethatweneedtostopsmoking?Whenourlungshavegonebad.Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult.Theonlytimemostofuseverl

30、earnaboutunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswhenthewholeworldisfallingapart.Wethinkandfeelthiswaybecauseitisnoteasytochange,butchangebecomesmorepainfulwhenweignore（忽视）it.Changewillhappen,likeitorhateit.Atonepointoranother,weareallgoingtofinallyunlockourself-improvementpowernotbecausetheworldsaysso.B

31、utbecausewerealizeitsforourowngood.Happypeopledontjustacceptchange;theyembrace（拥抱）it.Unlockingourself-improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare.Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofearchange.Janealwaystellseveryonethatshedoesnthavethecouragetobearoundgroupsofpeople.

32、Sheheardherfamilytellthesamethingsabouthertootherpeople.Overtheyears,thatiswhatJanehasbelieved.Everytimeagreatcrowdcome,shestepsbackandlocksherselfupinaroom.Janenotonlybelievesinherstory,butlivesit!Self-improvementmaynotbeeverybodysfavoriteword,but讦welookatthingsinadifferentway,wemighthavegreatercha

33、ncesofenjoyingthewholeprocessinsteadofcountingthedaysuntilwearefullyimproved.Threesessionsinaweekatthegymwouldresultinahealthierlife.Readingbookseverydaywouldbuildupknowledge.Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself-improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwe?rebeginningtotakethingslightand

34、becomehappy.3O.ThewritermentionsthethreequestionsinParagraph2toshowthatwelearnourlessonswhenweexperiencepain.weareresponsiblefortheproblemswemeet.lifefailsuswhenwegetintothewrongway.lifeisalongjourneyfullofupsanddowns.WhatisthekeytosolvingJanesproblem?Sheneedstorememberwhyshestarted.Shehastoknowhowt

35、ogetonwithpeople.Shehastorealizesheisnotwhatsheisinherstory.Sheneedstounderstandtheimportanceofconfidence.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.theworldtellsushowtoimproveourselves.peoplechangewhentheyfinditeasytodothat.welcomingchangeinlifeisadrivetobecomebetter.enjoyingtheprocessofself-improvementmakeslifes

36、impler.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?Isitimportanttotakethingslight?Isitnecessarytoembracechallenges?Toholdontothelastmomentortogiveup?Tofreeourselvesoutoftheboxortostayinit?四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题.(共10分，每小题2分)Whenitcomestothelettergradeonyourtestorhomework,youmightnoticethatthereisn

37、oletterE.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhythatisso?IntheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem,thefirstfourlettersaretypicallyconsideredpassinggrades.AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor“fail”.Theword“fail”happenstostartwiththeletterF,whichseemstoleaveouttheletterE.Thefact”.SomeschoolshaveUgradefor“unsatisfactory，orIgradefor“

38、incomplete.Evenwithallthissaid,weshouldalsopointoutthatEgradeactuallyhasbeenusedprettycommonlythroughoutthehistoryoflettergradesintheUS.ThefirstcollegeintheUStousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege.In1897,theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale:A:95-100%(excellent)B:85-94%

39、(good)C:76-84%(fair)D:75%(barelypassed)E:below75%(failed)WecanseetheinclusionofEinsteadofF.Gradually,thelettergradingsystembecamemorepopularthroughouttheUS.However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence（证据）toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswerewo

40、rriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.Whydowehavelettergrades?Well,partofthereasonisthattheymadegradingsimplerduringatimeofgreatchangeforschools.Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergra

41、dingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.Today,moreandmorepeoplearguethatlettergradesdon?tfullyreflect（反映）studentlearningoHowever,asteacherstrytoimprovegradingmethods,manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids,theyarefamiliar（熟悉）andeasyforparentstounderstand.Sowhiletheymightnot

42、beperfect,thelettergradesprobablyarentgoingawayanytimesoon.whatdoesanFstandforintheA、B、C、DandFgradingsystem?whenwasthelettergradingsystemfirstusedintheUScollege?whatisonepossibleexplanationfordroppingtheEgrade?whatdidmostteachersthinkofthelettergradingsysteminthe20thcentury?whydomanyparentsstillpref

43、erthelettergradestoday?书面表达（共10分）五、文段表达（10分）从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作，文中已给出内容不计入总数所给提示词语仅供选用，请不要写出你的校名和姓名。题目一：假如你是李华，你们学校要举办一场关于京剧的讲座，你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter参加，请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他讲座时间和地点以及需要做什么准备。提示词语：lecture（讲座）,invite,information,question,online提示问题：Whenandwherewillyouhavethelecture?whatdoyouadv

44、isePetertoprepareforit?Dearpeter,Howisitgoing?TherellbealectureonPekingOperainourschool.IfthereisanythingthatIcando,pleaseletmeknow.Yours,LiHua8 题目二：“静以修身，俭以养德”勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德，无论生活富足与否，我们都应该提倡节俭，拒绝某英文网站在开展以“节约是美德”为主题的征文活动，假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿谈谈生活中你是怎么做的，以这样做的意义。提示词语：thrifty（节约的）save,turnoff.money,virtue（美德）提示问题：Whatdoyoudoinyourdailylife?whydoyoudoso?Itsoneofourtraditionalvirtuestobethrifty.2018北京中考英语答案、单项填空123456789101112CABDCDBACBDA二、