汽轮机运行原理

1、 汽轮机运行(ynxng)原理 Turbine Fundamental海南(hi nn)金海浆纸业有限公司HAINAN JINHAI PULP&PAPER CO.LTD PREPARED BY CHEN YONG 共五十一页气轮机结构(jigu)Turbinestructure汽缸体 Cylinder body转子 Rotor前后轴承 Bearing叶轮(yln) Impeller轴封系统 Sealing system控制阀等 Control valves. etc共五十一页Turbine&generatorgeneratorTurbine共五十一页Condenser共五十一页oil cool

2、er共五十一页Ball strainer共五十一页Vacuum 共五十一页气轮机工作(gngzu)原理The turbine Fundamental原理：具有一定压力、温度的蒸汽经过气轮机喷嘴并在喷嘴内膨胀获得很高的速度，高速的蒸汽流经气轮机上的动叶片做功，从而带动气轮机转子按一定均匀的速度转动。气轮机转子与发电机转子用连轴(lin zhu)器，当气轮机转子以一定速度均匀转动时，发电机的转子也跟着转动，由于电磁感应的作用，发电机定子线圈中产生电流，通过变配电设备向用户供电。共五十一页能量(nngling)转换形式 The energy conversion form 蒸汽(zhn q)热能汽流

3、动能电能机械能共五十一页技术参数（一） technical data汽轮机Turbine ： 转向 （汽轮机发电机）turning clockwise 转速 speed 3000 rpm 跳车转速 trip speed 3300rpm 盘车转速turning bearing speed 45 rpm 第一临界速度(sd) 1st critical speed 1100rpm 第二临界速度2nd critical speed 2200rpm 发电机最大输出功率 generator power output: Maximum Continous Rating（MCR）120MW共五十一页技术参数（

4、二） technical data蒸汽系统(xtng)Steam system（Normal） 压力bar 温度 流量kg/s 热焓 kJ/kg 高压入口Hp inlet 80.5 475 202.11 3336.3中压抽汽MP bleeding 15 220 33.33 2850.2低压抽汽LP extraction 7 170 126.75 2779.2尾气排放Exhaust 0.1314 42 43.7 2353.4共五十一页LSCV BLCV / BLEEDING BLOCKECVCOND.共五十一页变电设备(shbi)用户(yngh)联网TurbineGeneratorHP STEA

5、M MP headerLp headerCond.Turbine Inlet&outlet共五十一页From Lp&Mp Head To UserLPHead(12123.8T)F/L 2894.8TVE 5457.6TRB 2629TCLO2536.6TMB 575.4TWT 2.6TNaOH 27.8TMPHead(4507.8T)MC 3041TF/L 863TVE 75TRB 258TSO214TMB238.4TRC 18.4TNote:Above all data is use for 24 hours only共五十一页Power output to userNAOH 299.7R

6、C/LK 148MC 353WH 33.9RB&VE 494.8F/L 562.8O2 89.5WWT62.5CLO2 519.9RWT 74.8MB 76.1PG 88SERVE POWER 16.7POWER OUTPUT 2823.3UNIT:MWH共五十一页开车(ki ch)时需要满足的条件START-UP GENERAL REQUIREMENTSElectrical power supply in operation. 运行时的电源供应All of motorize requirement ready. 要满足(mnz)所有的电动要求Instrument air available

7、/ in operation. 仪表用气的供应/运行All of control system in operation / normal function. 所有的控制系统处于运行状态/正常状态共五十一页开车(ki ch)时需要满足的条件START-UP GENERAL REQUIREMENTS润滑油、顶轴油系统正常 lube oil、jack oil system in normal盘车系统、轴封系统正常Turning bearing system sealing system in normal冷凝系统以及其他(qt)辅助系统正常condenser system and the othe

8、rs auxiliary system in normal 共五十一页开车(ki ch)系统的程序START-UP SYSTEM SEQUENCECooling Water Operation / Circulation. 冷却水的运行/循环(xnhun)Cooling Tower Pump start.冷却水塔泵的启动Cooling water for Main Condenser circulation.主冷凝器冷却水的循环Cooling water for Oil Cooler circulation.油冷凝器冷却水的循环Cooling water for Air Cooler circ

9、ulation.空气冷凝器冷却水的循环Cooling Tower Fan start.冷却水塔风机的启动共五十一页COOLING WATER SYSTEMC. TOWER BASINMAIN CONDENSERAIR COOLEROIL COOLERC. TOWER FANFan start 3 setsPump start 2 setsMain condenser in operation/circulationAir cooler in operation 4 setsOil cooler in operation and the other one stand by共五十一页开车系统(x

10、tng)的程序START-UP SYSTEM SEQUENCEAll of Oil System in Operation / Normal Function 油系统的启动Lube Oil system operation (AC Auxiliary Oil Pump start). 润滑油系统（启动辅助(fzh)油泵）。Control Oil system operation (supply from AC Auxiliary Oil Pump). 控制油系统（来自AC辅助油泵）Oil vapor extractor in operation.启动抽油烟机。Oil Cooler in ope

11、ration and the other one stand by. 油冷器的启动，另一个备用。Oil tank heater in operation (if necessary)油加热器的启动（如果有必要）Turning Gear Operation 盘车的启动Start Jacking oil pump.顶轴油泵的启动。Start Turning Gear by auto mode (from DCS).通过自动模式启动盘车（DCS）共五十一页Lube Oil press. 2 barLube Oil temp. 2700 rpm5. Turning Gear start6. Oil H

12、eater start if necessary3. Oil Vapor Extractor start4. Jacking Oil Pump start2. Auxiliary Oil Pump startDC Emergency Oil Pump in Auto Mode1. Oil Cooler in operation共五十一页Safety block / Trip unitEmergency stop valve (ESV)Bleeding block (BSCV)Extraction control valve (ECV)Live steam control valve (LSCV

13、)Control oil press. 8 bar共五十一页开车(ki ch)程序 START-UP SYSTEM SEQUENCECondensate System Circulation / Operation 冷凝水的循环Fill up of Condensate level to normal level (400 500 mm) from filling water line. 用补水(b shu)管中的水将冷凝水的液位加到正常液位(400 500 mm)。 Start Condensate pump (both DCS and Field is available) and the

14、 other one in priority selection (Auto mode). 启动冷凝水泵（DCS和现场），另一台在预选（自动控制）。Start Gland Fan (Leak Steam Blower). 启动格兰风扇Condensate level control put on Auto Mode 冷凝水液位控制自动控制。共五十一页MAINCONDEN-SERLCto RW TankHPCHAMBERLPCHAMBERSILENCERHHP Headerto AtmosphereGland FanCond. PumpSEC EJECTORPRI EJECTORStart-up

15、 Ejector VACUUM SYSTEM共五十一页Cond. Level control in Auto modeCond. Pump start and the other one in priority共五十一页开车(ki ch)程序 START-UP SYSTEM SEQUENCEPrewarming Main Steam Line对主蒸汽管进行暖管Open all of drain in main steam line.打开主蒸汽管上所有的疏水阀Open of by pass valve of main steam 1st stage slowly (make sure there

16、 is no water hummer in line). 缓慢打开一段主蒸汽管上的旁通阀（确保在管道中没有水）。Open of by pass valve of main steam 2nd stage slowly (make sure there is no water hummer in line). 缓慢打开二段主蒸汽管上的旁通阀（确保在管道中没有水）。Prewarming of main steam line over after main steam temperature 380 0C. 当蒸汽温度(wnd) 380 0C时，暖管就完成了。共五十一页GENERATORHHP H

17、EADERMESVLSCV2nd Stage1st StageFlash Box(TURBINEHP CHAMBERTURBINELP CHAMBERMAIN STEAM LINEOpen by pass valve slowlyOpen all of drain valveOpen by pass valve slowlyOpen all of drain valveOpen all of drain valveLSCV controlled speed after the Turbine Auto Start command is releaseAfter the line is read

18、y, ESV open by Turbine start command共五十一页开车(ki ch)程序START-UP SYSTEM SEQUENCESealing Steam System Operation密封(mfng)蒸汽的启动Sealing steam front end (HHP steam)密封蒸汽前端（HHP）Prewarming of sealing steam lines.密封蒸汽管道的暖管。Open manual valve (double valve).打开手动阀。Open the control valve by auto mode from DCS, set po

19、int = 1.080 bar,在DCS自动打开控制阀，设定值= 1.080 bar。Sealing steam rear end (LP steam)密封蒸汽的后端（LP）Prewarming of sealing steam lines.密封蒸汽管道的暖管。Open manual valve (double valve).打开手动阀。Open the control valve by auto mode from DCS, set point = 1.230 bar. 在DCS自动打开控制阀，设定值=1.230 bar.共五十一页LP HEADERTURBINEHP CHAMBERTURB

20、INELP CHAMBERHHP HEADERHHP BLOW TANKTo : AFTER CONDENSEROF EJECTOR SYSTEMGENERATORSEALING STEAM SYSTEMDouble valve opened after prewarming line finishOpen all of drain valveOpen all of drain valveDouble valve opened after prewarming line finishControl valve in Auto mode with set point 1.080 barContr

21、ol valve in Auto mode with set point 1.230 bar共五十一页To after cooler / ejector coolerControl valve sealing steam rear end (LP)Control valve sealing steam front end (HHP)共五十一页汽机的启动(qdng)程序 TURBINE START-UP SEQUENCETurbine prewarming (ESV open / manual start). 汽机的暖机（ESV打开/手动阀启动）Main steam temperature in

22、 the main steam line 380 oC. 主蒸汽管中蒸汽的温度 380 oC.Main steam pressure in the main steam line permission pressure prewarming valve. 主蒸汽管中蒸汽的压力 420 oC. 主蒸汽管中蒸汽的温度420 oC.Temperature of prewarming valve 400 oC . 暖机的温度 400 oC .Main steam pressure in the main steam line permission pressure 80bar. 主蒸汽管中蒸汽的压力2700rpm Aux oil pump auto cut in and Jacking oil pump will cut in when the speed dropped at 600rpm. 当汽机的速度2700rpm 时，辅助油泵就会自动启动，而当速度降到 600rpm时， 顶轴油泵就会启动。Close Main Steam Valve 1st stage and 2nd stage, valve on the MP and LP Header. 关闭一段和二段的主蒸汽阀，MP和LP集汽柜上的阀门(f mn)。 At sta