环境资源与相关英语词汇

1、环境资源与相关英语词汇环境资源与相关英语词汇环境资源与相关英语词汇大气 atmosphere大气组成 atmospheric composition空气质量air quality大气化学 atmospheric chemistry大气成分 atmospheric components大气颗粒物 atmospheric particulates二氧化碳 carbon dioxide温室气体 greenhouse gases氧气oxygen臭氧层 ozone layer大气过程 atmospheric processes空气-水相互作用air-water interaction大气环流 atmos

2、pheric circulation大气降水 atmospheric precipitation碳循环 carbon cycle蒸发作用evaporation降水增加 precipitation enhancement降雨 rainfall谈水保护 conservation of freshwater水坝dams冰ice湖泊lakes自然排水系统 natural drainage systems 河流流域开发 river basin development 河流rivers雪 snow地下水 subterranean water地表水 surface waters水资源保护 water res

3、ources conservation水资源开发 water resources development 淡水生态系统 freshwater ecosystems 集水区 catchment areas国际河流流域 international river basins湖泊流域lake basins池塘尾渣 ponds tailings河流流域river basins:炎水恶化 freshwater degradation河流污染 river pollution径流 run-off沉积物移动 sediment mobilization沉积物运移 sediment transport沉积盆地 se

4、dimentary basins渗漏 seepage凤眼蓝 water hyacinth水污染 water pollution水的盐化 water salination饮用水供应 drinking water supply月兑盐 desalination饮用水 drinking water饮用水处理 drinking water treatment城市配水系统 municipal water distribution systems农村供水 rural water supply污水处理厂 sewage treatment plants水泵 water pumps水处理 water treatm

5、ent水井 water wells海洋环境 marine environments海洋生态系统marine ecosystems藻花 algal bloom海底生态系统benthic ecosystems海洋污染 marine pollution污染沉积物 marine sediments海洋环境 ocean circulation洋流 ocean currents海洋oceans海洋温度 ocean temperature赤潮 red tide海平面sea level潮，潮汐tides沿海生态系统coastal ecosystems群岛 archipelagoes沿海地区coastal ar

6、eas沿海开发 coastal development沿海环境 coastal environments海岸侵蚀 coastal erosion疏浚 dredging河口生态系统 estuarine ecosystems岛屿生态系统island ecosystems小岛屿 small islands海洋生物资源 living marine resources水生哺乳动物aquatic mammals水生微生物 aquatic microorganisms水生植物 aquatic plants珊瑚礁 coral reefs甲壳纲动物crustaceans鱼类fish海洋资源保护 marine r

7、esources conservation软体动物molluscs水生贝壳类动物shellfish环境管理 environmental management资源管理 resources management深海矿藏 deep sea deposits森林管理 forest management森林政府forest policy资源的地埋分布 geographic distribution of resources土地价值 land values矿产资源 mineral resources国家保护计划 national conservation programmes自然资源 natural re

8、sources自然保护 nature conservation不可再生资源 non-renewable resources资源;争损耗 net resource depletion矿床 ore deposits石油资源保护 petroleum resources conservation可再生资源 renewable resources资源估价 resource appraisal资源保护 resource conservation海底开发 sea bed exploitation海底采矿 sea bed mining本地资源的利用 utilization of local resources

9、环境规戈 1environmental planning开展合作 development cooperation开展计戈（J development planning生态开展 ecodevelopment经济开展 economic development经济计戈！ economic planning环境核算 environmental accounting环境审计 environmental auditing环境 健康影 响评价 environmental health impact assessment环境景乡响 environmental impact环境景乡响评价 environment

10、al impact assessment环境影响状报告书 environmental impact statement环境才旨标 environmental indicators环境政策 environmental policy环境风险评估 environmental risk assessment财政资助 financial assistance土地利用规戈（J land use planning环境管理才旨标 environmental management indicators环境质量才旨标 environmental quality indicators试验工程 pilot proje

11、cts政策规戈! policy planning施压集团 pressure groups区域规戈Iregional planning自助计划 self-help programmes工农业选址 siting of industry社会调查 social surveys开展状况 status of development可持续开展 sustainable development可持续开展指标 sustainable development indicators技术评价 technology assessment运输计戈U transport planning环境经济问题 environmenta

12、l economic issues环境定价 environmental valuation环境本钱 environmental costs外部 externalities重置本钱 replacement costs贸易对环境的影响trade impact on environment已定价值的生态系统组成局部valued ecosystemcomponents经济管理手段 economic management instruments本钱-效益分析 cost-benefit analysis开展中国家债务 developing countries debt环境月殳票交易 environment

13、al stock exchange政府环境开支 government environmental expenditures绿色财政手段 green fiscal instruments环境本钱内在化 internalisation of environmental costs以绿色标志促销 marketing with green labelling资源的定价政策 pricing policies of resources结构调整计划 structural adjustment programs税收差异 tax differentiation可交易的许可证tradeable permits人类

14、住区 human settlements人类住区管理 human settlements management建成区 built-up areas经济规划 economic zoning用火平安要求 fire safety requirements历史遗址 historical sites住房改善 housing improvements住房需求housing needs住房规划 housing programmes住房质量标准 housing quality standards工业区 industrial areas非高峰时间工作off-peak working办公室offices城区开展模

15、式 patterns of urban growth规戈的城区开展 planned urban development再建房屋rehousing租赁房屋 rental housing居民区 residential areas建筑平安标准 safety standards for buildings商店shops建筑业标准 standards for building industry城区设计urban design建成结构 built structures桥梁 bridges建筑材料 building materials建筑物buildings建筑技术 building technology施

16、工技术 construction technology建筑工程 construction works农业建筑 farm buildings政府建筑 government buildings高层建筑 high-rise buildings工业建筑 industrial buildings本地建筑材料 local materials for building拖车住房mobile homes核研究中心 nuclear research centres装配式房屋 prefabricated buildings结构 structures隔热 thermal insulation基础设施 infrastr

17、ucture通道 access roads水上娱乐;舌动 aquatic recreational amenities汽车停放 automobile parking建成的排水系统built drainage systems电力分酉己 electric power distribution公共花园 public gardens公路 highways空地 open spaces管道 pipelines运动场 playgrounds公园 public parks公用事业 public utilities道路建设 road construction道路养护 road maintenance体育设施 s

18、ports facilities电信 telecommunications运输系统 transport systems隧道 tunnels城市供水 urban water supply公共服务 public services人类住区的社会-经济方面socio-economic aspects of human settlements生育控制birth control社区服务 community services社区参与 community participation通勤 commuting消费方式 consumption patterns文化指标 cultural indicators开展模式

19、 development patterns残疾人 disabled persons毒品滥用drug abuse生态旅游ecotourism太阳辐射 solar radiation蒸腾作用 transpiration风 winds空气污染air pollution酸雨 acid rain空气污染物air pollutants氯氟碳 chlorofluorocarbons沉降的颗粒物 deposited particulate matter飞灰fly ash雾fog薄烟haze空内空气;亏染 indoor air pollution烟雾smog气候问题 climatic issues农业气象学ag

20、rometeorology气候 climate气候变化 climatic change气候带 climatic zones干旱 drought全球变暖 global warming温室效应 greenhouse effect湿度 humidity计戈（J生育 family planningJ性另！J问题 gender issues无家可归homelessness住房集资 housing finance人类迁居 human migration人口 human population人权 human rights土地分配 land allotment生活方式lifestyles低价住房 low-co

21、st housing流开工人 migrant workers少数民族minorities社区改善计戈U neighbourhood improvement schemes新社区 new communities流浪者nomads非高峰时间通勤off-peak commuting公共卫生public health种族关系 race relations娱乐 recreation农村地区rural areas环境卫生sanitation社会指数 social indicators社会-经济因素 socio-economic factors旅游 tourism旅行travel贫困阶层 under-pri

22、vileged people城市地区urban areas城区改造urban renewal城区压力urban stress妇女地位women status人类住区的环境方面 environmental aspects of human settlements空调 air conditioning尸体处置 disposal of the dead区城供热 district heating住房密度 housing density过度拥挤 overcrowding难民 refugees旅游设施 tourist facilities城市衰败urban decay农业 agriculture农业方式

23、agricultural practices农业设备 agricultural equipment农业管理 agricultural management农业方法 agricultural methods农业害虫 agricultural pests农业生产 agricultural production农业储藏 agricultural storage动物疾病 animal diseases动物营养 animal nutrition养蜂业 apiculture水产养殖 aquaculture害虫的生物控制 biological control of pests生物固氮 biological

24、nitrogen fixation堆肥 composts等高耕作 contour farming受控燃烧 controlled burning作物保护 crop protection挽畜 draught animals鱼类养殖fish culture渔业管理 fisheries management谷物grains作物虫害传染infestation of crops粮食虫害传染infestation of food灌;既 irrigation灌溉渠 irrigation canals灌溉农业 irrigation farming天然肥料 natural fertilizers有机农业 orga

25、nic farming病虫害控制pest management杀虫剂标准控制 pesticide control standards植物病害 plant diseases家禽饲养 poultry farming林农轮作 shifting cultivation树木苗tree nurseries滴灌 trickle irrigation 农工业 agro-industry 畜产品 animal products 饮料工业 beverage industry 酿造业 brewing industry 蒸储业 distilling industry 食品车昌照food irradiation 食品保

26、存 food preservation 食品贮藏food storage 食品运输 food transport 林产品 forest products 烟草 tobacco农用化学品agrochemicals化学肥料 chemical fertilizers杀真菌剂fungicides除草剂 herbicides杀虫剂的代谢 metabolism of pesticides硝酸盐nitrates亚硝酸盐nitrites亚硝胺 nitrosamines营养物nutrients有机磷化物 organophosphorous compounds 杀虫剂的持久性 persistence of pes

27、ticides 杀虫剂路径 pesticide pathways杀虫剂 pesticides磷酸盐 phosphates杀虫剂的毒性 toxicity of pesticides杀虫剂的使用 utilization of pesticides工业 industry工业生产过程 industrial processes制铝工业 aluminium industry适用技术 appropriate technology高炉 blast furnaces纤维素cellulose化学工业 chemical industry清洁技术 clean technologies服装工业 clothing ind

28、ustry乳品业 dairy industry月兑盐工厂 desalination plants干洗 dry cleaning炼铁工业iron industry洗烫衣服laundering皮革工业 leather industry金属加工 metal finishing金属电镀 metal plating金属冶炼 metal smelting矿产业 mineral industry采矿mining天然气开采 natural gas extraction原油开采 oil extraction石油提炼 petroleum refiningE3局!工业 printing industry纸浆工业pu

29、lp industry采石 quarrying橡胶加工 rubber processing炼钢工业 steel industry露天剥采strip mining焦油生产 tar production焦油使用tar use木材保存 wood preservation工业产品 industrial products消费品 consumer goods危险品 dangerous goods工业材料 industrial materials天然纤维 natural fibres包装 packaging涂料paints产品标签 product labelling可再用容器 reusable contai

30、ners合成洗涤剂 synthetic detergents合成纺织纤维 synthetic textile fibres漆 varnishes木产品 wood products运输 transportation空运 air transportation空中交通规那么 air traffic regulations飞机 aircraft飞机发动机排放物aircraft engine emissions 飞机噪音 aircraft noise机场 airports6亢天运输 space transportation 陆上运输 land transportation 自行车bicycles内燃机

31、combustion engines 铁路运输 railway transport 道路平安road safety道路交通工程 road traffic engineering 道路运输 road transport道路roads城市交通urban traffic车辆检验 vehicle inspection水上运输 water transportation渔轮 fishing vessels内河运输 inland water transport内陆水道 inland waterways国际水道 international watercourses 海运 maritime transport铀

32、亢运的危害 navigational hazards 油轮 oil tankers港口 ports潜水艇 submarines由 energy能源 energy sources动物粪便作燃料animal dung as fuel沼气biogas生物量biomass生物质能 biomass energy木炭 charcoal煤 coal原油 crude oil能源资源 energy resources浓缩铀 enriched uranium矿物燃料fossil fuels燃料酒精fuel alcohol薪柴 fuel wood地热能 geothermal energy碳氢化合物 hydrocar

33、bon compounds煌 hydrocarbons水电 hydroelectric power液化气 liquefied gas甲烷 methane天然气 natural gas可再生能源 renewable energy sources不可再生能源 non-renewable energy resources无:亏染能源 non-polluting energy sources核能 nuclear energy核燃料 nuclear fuels油类oils 油页岩oil shales泥炭、泥煤peat 汽油 petrols从废料中提取的燃料refuse derived fuels太阳能

34、solar energy焦油砂tar sands海洋热能 thermal sea power 潮汐能 tidal energy 铀 uranium波浪能 wave energy风能 wind energy能源过程 energy processes 煤气化 coal gasification 煤液化 coal liquefaction 电力 electric power微气候影响 microclimate effects海平面上升sea level rise人工景乡响天气 weather modification岩石圈 lithosphere固态地球solid earth洞穴caves地震活动

35、seismic activity地震监测 seismic monitoring火山 volcanoes风蚀 wind erosion陆地生态系统 terrestrial ecosystems土壤 soils农用土地 agricultural land碱地 alkali lands污染的土地 contaminated land污染的土壤 contaminated soil沙坑 gravel pits荒地 heath lands土地承载能力 land carrying capacity土地污染 land pollution土地开垦 land reclamation土地恢复 land restora

36、tion发电厂 electric power plants蓄电装置 electrical storage devices能源保护 energy conservation能源转换 energy conversion能源效率 energy efficiency能源政策energy policy能源生产 energy production能源利用energy use能源利用方式 energy utilization patterns气体液化 gas liquefaction照明 lighting天然气勘探 natural gas exploration核能利用 nuclear energy uses

37、核电站 nuclear power plants近海石油钻探 offshore oil drilling石油勘探 oil exploration日照加热solar heating环境化学 environmental chemistry无机物质 inorganic substances酸 acids氧化铝alumina氯 chlorine盐酸 hydrochloric acid硫化氢 hydrogen sulphide硫酸盐sulphates硫酸 sulphuric acid光化学试剂 photochemical agents光化学效应 photochemical effects有机物质 org

38、anic substances有机硅化合物 organosilicon compounds酚 phenols外激素，信息素pheromones植物油 vegetable oils生物化学过程 biochemical processes酸化 acidification需氧过程 aerobic processes厌氧过程 anaerobic processes生物降解 biodegradation月兑氮作用denitrification富营氧化 eutrophication杀虫剂的相互作用interaction of pesticides电离辐射 ionizing radiation代谢（作用），

39、新陈代谢（作用）metabolism 固氮 nitrogen fixation非电离辐射 non-ionizing radiation光合作用 photosynthesis物理-化学过程 physico-chemical processes 放射性 radioactivity毒性 toxicity5亏染 pollution污染物 pollutants气溶胶，气雾剂aerosols农业废物 agricultural wastes石棉 asbestos商业噪音 commercial noise混合污染 composite pollution作物废物crop waste二恶英 dioxins农家场院

40、废物farmyard waste火、火灾fire危险物质 hazardous substances危险废物 hazardous wastes重金属 heavy metals医院废物 hospital wastes工业废水 industrial effluents工业排放物 industrial emissions工业烟尘 industrial fumes工业噪声 industrial noise无机污染物 inorganic pollutants 铅亏染 lead contamination液体废物liquid wastes丢弃物，废气物litter汞污染 mercury contaminat

41、ion微污染物 micropollutants采矿废物mining wastes机动车辆排放物motor vehicle emissions城市废物 municipal waste 氮氧化物 nitrogen oxides 噪声污染 noise pollution 恶臭公害 odour nuisance 有机物污染 organic pollutants 难降解有机污染物 persistent organic pollutants 有机溶剂 organic solvents有机卤化物 organohalogen compounds 医药废物 pharmaceutical wastes塑料废物 p

42、lastic wastes多氯联苯 polychlorinated biphenyls聚合物废物polymer wastes放射性物质 radioactive substances氢 radon橡胶废物rubber waste锯屑 sawdust污水sewage屠宰场废物 slaughterhouse waste固体废物solid wastes热污染 thermal pollution有毒物质 toxic substances有毒废物toxic waste毒素toxins痕量元素 trace elements痕量物质 trace materials交通噪音traffic noise废物，垃圾t

43、rash废热 waste heat木材废料wood waste对流层臭氧 tropospheric ozone污染源 pollution sources生物武器 biological weapons水泥工业 cement industry化学武器 chemical weapons烟囱 chimneys冷却水 cooling waters机动车辆 motor vehicles摩托车 motorcycles核武器 nuclear weapons海洋4页倒ocean dumping石油泄漏Oil spills废金属 scrap metals挖掘堆积 excavation heaps污染治理 poll

44、ution abatement隔音 acoustic insulation化学;亏染;青除 chemical decontamination燃料脱硫 desulphurization of fuels过滤器filters音治理 noise abatement污染治理设备 pollution abatement equipment污染控制技术 pollution control technology辐射防护 radiation protection洗涤器scrubbers别离器 separators防烟 smoke prevention废物最少化 waste minimization废物wast

45、es电池处理 battery disposal废物的化学处理 chemical treatment of waste处置场所 disposal sites废物燃烧 incineration of waste矿山回填mine filling残油回收 oil residue recuperation放射性废物管理 radioactive waste management回收的材料 recycled materials回收 recycling材料再利用 reuse of materials卫生填埋 sanitary landfills海洋排泄口 sea outfall化粪池 septic tanks

46、污水处置 sewage disposal污水处理系统 sewage treatment systems固体废物处置solid waste disposal废物同化处置 waste assimilation capacities废物转化技术 waste conversion techniques废物处置 waste disposal废物土地处置 waste disposal in the ground废物处置税 waste disposal taxes废物回收 waste recovery废物利用waste use水的再利用water reuse人体健康human health污染物的危害 ha

47、zards of pollutants在人体组织中的积累accumulation in body tissues镉污染 cadmium contamination环境健康危害 environmental health hazards人体接触污染物 human exposure to pollutants污染物的长期效应 long-term effects of pollutants核平安 nuclear safety污染物的影响pollutant effects污染风险 pollution risk辐射效应 radiation effects药物的副作用 side effects of pha

48、rmaceutical drugs有毒物质的协同效应 synergistic effects of toxic substances与环境有关的疾病 environmentally related diseases致癌物 carcinogens南美锥虫病chagas11 disease人类的疾病 human diseases免疫疾病 immunological diseases婴儿死亡率infant mortality疟疾 malaria盘尾丝虫病onchocerciasis病原生物体 pathogenic organisms辐身寸病 radiation sickness血吸虫病 schist

49、osomiasis人类疾病传染媒介 vectors of human diseases工作环境 working environment人机工程学 ergonomics职业健康 occupational health职业平安 occupational safety振动 vibration营养与保健 nutrition and health care过敏素allergens基本食物要求 basic food requirements食品food食品添力口齐U food additives食用色素 food colourants食品污染 food contamination保健 health car

50、e卫生设施 health facilities高蛋白食品 high protein foods医院 hospitals营养不良 malnutrition医疗 medical treatment药用植物 medicinal plants营养 nutrition食品的营养价值nutritive value of food毒物 poisons吸烟 smoking主食 staple foods传统保健 traditional health care灾难 disasters灾难现象 catastrophic phenomena生物体的意夕卜释放 accidental release of organis

51、ms雪崩 avalanches旋风 cyclones沙漠蝗虫 desert locusts地震 earthquakes环境事故 environmental accidents流行病epidemics洪水floods飓风 hurricanes土地使用分类 land use classification边缘土地 marginal lands沙石开采 sand extraction沉积 sedimentation土壤潜力 soil capabilities土壤保持 soil conservation土壤污染 soil contamination土壤退化 soil degradation土壤侵蚀 so

52、il erosion土壤改良 soil improvement土壤盐碱化 soil salination水蚀 water erosion干旱地区生态系统arid land ecosystems干旱土地 arid lands沙:莫化 desertification抗旱 drought control旱作 dry farming沙丘固定 sand dune fixation沙丘 sand dunes半干旱地区生态系统semi-arid land ecosystems森林生态系统forest ecosystems山崩 landslides人为灾难 human-made disasters核事故 nu

53、clear accidents放射性污染 radioactive contamination释放 release地震海浪 seismic sea waves泄漏 spillage暴风雨storms台风 typhoons应急减灾措施 emergency relief measures灾难清理作业 disaster clean-up operations防灾准备 disaster preparedness防灾 disaster prevention灾难救援 disaster relief流离失所人员displaced persons紧急救援 emergency relief应急避难所 emerge

54、ncy shelter环境应急计戈1 environmental contingency planning防洪 flood control放射性污染清除 radioactive decontamination临时住房 temporary housing临时避难所 temporary shelter生境破坏 habitat destruction 陆地;舌动 land-based activities 自然改变 physical alterations监测 monitoring环境监测 environmental monitoring生物指标 biological indicators生态标志e

55、colabelling污染物鉴别 identification of pollutants噪声监制 noise monitoring污染物分析 pollutant analysis污染物分布 pollutant distribution污染物浓度pollutant levels污染物监测 pollutant monitoring污染物路径 pollutant pathways污染物植树造林 afforestation针叶林 coniferous forests森林砍伐 deforestation森林保护 forest conservation森林火灾forest fires草地火灾grass

56、fires绿化带 greenbelts本地森林 indigenous forests再造林 reafforestation植被恢复revegetation亚热带生态系统 sub-tropical ecosystems温带森林 temperate forests温带林地 temperate woodlands树木trees热带生态系统tropical ecosystems热带森林 tropical forests热带森林生态系统tropical forest ecosystems林地生态系统 woodland ecosystems温带生态系统和寒带生态系统temperate ecosystems and cold zo