直接引语与间接引语讲义及练习

1、直接引语与间接引语一、.直接引语是指原封不动的引用原话，把它放在引号内，例如：Mother told me, “You should finish your homework 。” They said, “We want to have a rest.”间接引语即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是：Mother told me that I should finish my homework. They said they wanted to have a rest.二、.当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，told等）一般都是过去时

2、形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况：1）主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词叶变为过去的某种时态。即：一般现在时一般过去时 现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时 现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时例如：She said, “I am hungry.” She said (that) she was hungry.He said, “The family are fighting among themselves.”He said (that) the family were fightin

3、g among themselves. They said, “Were going to Hawaii this summer vacation.” They said they were going to Hawaii that summer vacation.She said, “The milk will go off（变质）if you dont drink it today.” She said the milk would go off if I didnt drink it that day.特殊情况当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时：The teach

4、er said to us, “The earth travels around the sun.” The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.2）人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化人称代词，除引述本人原话外，通常第一、二人称变为第三人称，或者第二人称变为第一人称；限定词也作相应的变化。例如：He said, “We love our country.” He said they love their county.指示代词this，these分别变成that/it，those/they或them；指示限定词this，thos

5、e通常变为that，those或the。例如：“This house is very expensive,” she said. She said that house was very expensive.The children came back with two wallets and said, “We picked these up on the street.” The children came back with two wallets and said they had picked them up on the street.3）指示代词、时间状语在间接引语中的变况： 在

6、直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词this thesethat those表示时间的词now today this week(month,etc.) yesterday last week(month,etc.) three days(a year,etc.) ago tomorrow next week(month,etc.)then that day that week(month,etc.) the day before the week(month,etc.)before three days(a year,etc.)before the next(following)day the ne

7、xt(following) week (month, etc.)动词Comego4）地点状语here通常变为there；但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用here，也可用具体地点代替here。例如：She said, “I first met your brother here.” She said she first met my brother there.“Are the children here?” Father asked. Father asked whether the children were here.三、根据从句的不同句型，我们分为以下三种情况1）陈述句变为以t

8、hat引导的宾语从句例如：He said, “You are younger than I ”. He says, “Tom is a good student ”. 2）.一般疑问句变成if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例如：She said, “ Do you often come here to read newspaper? ”“Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked. 3）.特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when等疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如：He asked, “Where do you live?” “How can

9、we get to the post-office?” he asked. 4）祈使句变为动词不定式，作ask,tell等动词的宾语补足语（表示命令时常用tell,order等；表示请求时常用ask,beg等）。例如：He said, “Dont step on the grass , Jim! ”. He says, “Be careful when you are doing your homework ”. 练习一、选择题1I dont know _ he will come tomorrow_ he comes，Ill tell you Aif；Whether Bwhether；Whe

10、ther Cif；That Dif；If 2I dont know _ he will come tomorrow or not Awhen Bwhat Cif Dwhether3Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is？Awhat B.where Cwhether D how4Could you tell me _ he mended the radio ？Ahow BWhat Cwho Dthat5I want to know _ is she looking after Awhom Bhow Cif Dwhen 6Do you know _

11、he lives now？ Awho Bwhat Cwhen Dwhere 7The small children dont know _ is in their stockings Awhat Bhow Cwhether DWhen8. Do you know _ the train leaves ？ Awhat Bwhich CWhat time Dwho练习二、用所给的词的正确形式填空1.The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be)2.The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go)3.Tom says tha

12、t they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4.I hear they _ (return) it yesterday. 5.He said that they _ members of the Party in 1948. (be)6.He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)7.The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)8.I think you _ about the re

13、lay race now. (talk)9.I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be)10. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)11. Miss Wang told me that the earth _(move) round the earth. 12. Could you tell me who _ away the book yesterday? (take)13. Ling Feng told me he _ to Shanghai. (be)14. Our teacher told

14、 us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise)15. Can you tell me what they _ yesterday? (do)练习三、将直接引语变成间接引语1.Father said, “I cant fix the box today because Im sick”2.Grandma said, “Grandpa is feeling much better today.”3.Mr. Davis said, “We wont be able to come to dinner this Saturday night.”4. Sue sai

15、d, “Im sorry I didnt have time to come last Saturday.”5.Uncle Harry said, “Ill call back later.”6.Sally said, “Im at my friend Juliets house now.”练习四、将下列句子合并为一句:1.“ I am doing my homework.” He said. 2.“I will come back.” Tom said. 3. Do they like to make friends with us? He asked. 4.Did you go there

16、? He asked5.Does the boy study hard? Tom asks.7. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. 8.May I ask some question? She asked.9. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 10 What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me?11. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 12 “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?13. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?14. “Where is Tom?” They asked. 练习五 翻译题1. I want to know _.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2. Ask him _. （他是否能来）3. I dont know _.（是否要下雨） 4.I hear (that) _. （一小时后他会回来）5.He sa