备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破(练习版)

1、优点英语备战2022年高考英语阅读理解专项突破技能 3 推理判断题解题指导 素养提升题型特点推理判断题需要考生根据文章的字面意思，通过对语篇逻辑关系和细节暗示的分析，做出一定的推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。解答该类题目时一定要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的生活常识，切忌脱离原文主观臆断。正确选项特征1.“立足原文，只推一步”根据原文内容，一步即可推得。2.一般不用表示绝对概念的词，如：only,never,all,absolutely等；会用一些意义相对宽泛、有余地的词，如：often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,

2、can,could,possibly,probably等。干扰选项特征1.选项的内容是原文信息的简单重复。2.选项的内容虽在文中提到，但片面或不完整，甚至推理过头，引申过度。3.选项的内容符合常识，但无法由原文推断得出此结论。4.原文中作者只是客观地陈述事实，并未作出评论，干扰项内容加入了主观臆断。常见设问方式考查角度(l)What can we infer about? (2)What does the author indicate/suggest/imply in?推断隐含意义Whats the purpose of the passage? (3)Whats the function

3、of the first paragraph?(2)What was the authors initial purpose of.? (4)Why does the author mention?推断写作意图(l)Whats the writers/s attitude towards? (3)How does the author feel about?(2)Whats the authors/s opinion on/about? (4)Which word best describes the authorsattitude to.?推断观点态度(1)From which is the

4、 text probably taken? (3)In which section of a newspaper may this(2)Where is this text most likely from? text appear? 推断文章出处What will most probably be talked about in the (2)What would the next paragraph mostnext paragraph of the passage? probably deal with? 推断段落发展典例剖析事实细节题规律技巧1：利用事实细节推断合理的结论是推理判断题普

5、遍的命题策略。根据题干关键词，通过查读在原文中找到相关信息点，然后抓住特定信息，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出隐含意义。注意：切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论；切忌脱离原文而主观臆断。真题典例1 (2021全国甲D篇节选)A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six.girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are“really,really smart.”Even worse,the st

6、udy found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are“really,really smart.Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up?It doesnt take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.33.What can we infer a

7、bout girls from the study in Science? 选项出处A.They think themselves smart. 四段句B.They look up to great thinkers. 四段句C.They see gender differences earlier than boys. 四段句D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs. 四段句路径一 从问（题干）的角度解答一如何得出正解第l步：题干的关键信息为girls,study和Science。根据理解原文的三大步骤，我们回到原文四段句。该句

8、提到，科学最近发表的一项研究发现，与男孩相比，女孩在六岁时就不太会说同性“非常非常聪明”。此处只是描述一个现象，欲得知正确答案，还需参照下文。第2步：四段句提到，研究发现女孩们会按照这种观念行事：在六岁左右，她们开始回避那些被认为是“非常非常聪明”的孩子才会参加的活动。由此可知，女孩们在刻意回避那些被认为比自己优秀的人才能参加的活动，这是因为她们受到了社会观念的影响，D项是对原文的合理推断，故正确。第3步：已由第2步得出正确答案，因此第3步省略。路径二 从答（选项）的角度解答一如何反向印证，排除干扰项答案 A第1步：根据A项的关键词smart可定位至四段句。四段句提到，与男孩相比，女孩在六岁时

9、就不太会说同性“非常非常聪明”；句接着提到，在六岁左右，她们开始回避那些被认为是“非常非常聪明”的孩子才会参加的活动。可见，这两句提到的“非常非常聪明”并不是女孩对自己的评价，故排除A项。第2、3步：略答案B第1步：根据B项的关键信息great thinkers可定位至四段句。该句提到，我们的地球能承担得起让任何伟大的思想家气馁和放弃的后果吗？这是作者提出的问题，此处并未提及女孩崇拜思想家，故排除B项。第2、3步：略答案C第1步：根据C项的关键词gender和boys并结合题干信息可定位至四段句。该句提到，与男孩相比，女孩在六岁时就不太会说同性“非常非常聪明”，并非女孩比男孩更早看到性别差异，

10、故排除C项。第2、3步：略答案D 第l步：根据D项的关键词beliefs并结合题干信息可定位至四段句。根据上表路径一的第2步对该句的分析可知，女孩们之所以刻意回避被认为比自己优秀的人才能参加的活动，是因为她们受到了社会观念的影响，D项是对原文的合理推断，故正确。第2、3步：略写作意图题&观点态度题规律技巧2：各种题的阅读材料都可能考查写作意图。脱可能考查全文的写作意图，又可能考查某一段落或某处节的写作意图，考生可根据文体特点，写作手法或者从字里行间寻我线索来推断。规律技巧3：者或文中人物对某事物所持的情感、规点或态度粒鞋隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，所以要留意作者或人物的措辞，切不可

11、将个人的好恶态度进题中，也要注意分清作者本人的态度和作者引用观点的态度。真题典例2 (2021新高考ID篇)Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional(情感的)intelligence.Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a persons makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test,such as char

12、acter,motivation,confidence,mental stability,optimism and“people skills. Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities,but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills tha

13、t can be used for either good or bad purposes.The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person

14、.Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support,the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful.The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视)on emotion by employers,ed

15、ucators and others interested in promoting social well-being.The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional int

16、elligence is desirable,we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion.It is our hope that in coming decades,advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角)from which to study how people manage their lives.Emotional intelligence,with it

17、s focus on both head and heart,may serve to point us in the right direction.33.Why does the author mention“doctorand“cheaterin paragraph2? 选项出处A.To explain a rule. 原文未提B.To clarify a concept. 二段2、3句C.To present a fact. 原文未提D.To make a prediction. 原文未提路径一 从问（题干）的角度解答如何得出正解第1步：题干的关键信息为doctor、cheater和p

18、aragraph 2。根据理解原文的三大步骤，我们回到原文二段句。该句提到，医生可能会用准确理解他人感受的技能来寻找帮助病人的最好方法，而骗子可能会利用这种技能来控制潜在的受害者。由此尚无法得出答案，故还需参照下文。第2步：二段句提到，高情商并不一定会让一个人成为有道德的人。由此可知，作者用“医生”和“骗子”两个相反的例子来阐释“高情商并不一定会让一个人成为有道德的人”这一观点。B项是对原文的合理推断，故正确，同时可排除A、C、D三项。第3步：已由第2步得出正确答案，因此第3步省略。34.What is the authors attitude to the popularization of

19、 emotional intelligence? 选项出处A.Favorable. 全文B.Intolerant. 原文未提C.Doubtful. 原文未提D.Unclear. 原文未提路径一 从问（题干）的角度解答一如何得出正解第1、2步：题干的关键信息为the authors attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence。本题询问作者对情商的普及持什么态度，需在看文章主旨的过程中解题，故跳过前两步，直接进人第3步。第3步：根据文章主旨的判定方法，我们发现，首段开门见山指出情商的普及改变了它原来的含义，同时指出了人们对情商的

20、误解；二段通过对比，描述了情商在不同目的的指引下造成的不同影响，引出了“情商高并不一定会使一个人成为有道德的人”这一观点；三段描述了情商的普及产生的积极影响，指出情商的普及利大于弊；末段作者提出，希望公众对情商的关注可以转移至科学和学术研究方面，并指出情商可能会为我们指明正确的方向。综上可推知，作者对情商的普及是支持的，故选A项。归纳拓展 按文章体裁推断写作意图(l)故事类记叙文：目的通常是讲述道理(to tell),一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言。(2)广告类语篇：目的一般是推销产品、吸引顾客(to advertise/attract customers)。(3)议论文：目的是阐

21、述论点(to argue/persuade),一般结构为：提出论点一进行论证一得出结论，写作意图通常隐含于最后一部分。(4)科普、文化类说明文：目的大多是介绍科普知识、科技产品、文化渊源等(to inform)。归纳拓展常见的表达观点、态度、情感等的词语(l)表示褒义/支持/肯定：approving赞成的supportive支持的：positive积极乐观的optimistic乐观的；confident有信心的reasonable合理的；admiring赞赏的；enthusiastic热情的，热心的。(2)表示中立：neutral中立的；objective客观的；not mentioned未提

22、及的；indifferent/uninterested不感兴趣的，不关心的。(3)表示贬义/反对/否定：disapproving不赞成的；disgusted厌恶的；critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disappointed失望的；impractical不实际的；intolerant不能容忍的；prejudiced有偏见的；doubtful/ suspicious/skeptical怀疑的；ambiguous模棱两可的；embarrassed尴尬的。文章出处题规律技巧4：几乎所有话题的文章都可能涉及文章出处、文章类别或读者对象题。推断文章出处或类别题要从文章结构、语言特色和

23、标志信息着手，结合文章的具体内容来判定。确定读者对象要从文章内容和文章措辞来判断。真题典例3 (2021全国甲A篇)Take a view,the Landscape(风景)Photographer of the Year Award,was the idea of Charlie Waite,one of todays most respected landscape photographers.Each year,the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showca

24、se the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.Mike Shepherd(2011)Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria,EnglandIt was an extremely cold winters evening and freezing fog hung in the air.I climbed to the t

25、op of a small rise and realized that the mist was little more than a few feet deep,and though it was only a short climb,I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.I used classical techniques, translated from my college days

26、spent in the darkroom into Photoshop,to achieve the black-and-white image(图像)Timothy Smith(2014)Macclesfield ForestCheshire,EnglandI was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe,a local high point,I came across a small

27、 clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.23.Where can the text be found? 选项出处A.In a history book. 原文未提B.In a novel. 原文未提C.In a

28、n art magazine. 全文D.In a biography. 原文未提路径一 从问（题干）的角度解答如何得出正解第1、2步：题干询问在哪里可以看到这篇文章。这需要从文章主旨入手，故可跳过前两步，直接进入第3步。第3步：根据文章主旨的判定方法，我们发现，文章一段主要介绍了“视界”年度风光摄影师大赛；二、三段分别介绍了两名参赛摄影师及其作品。综上可知，文章最有可能出现在艺术杂志里，而非历史书、小说或者传记中。C项是对原文的合理推断，故正确，同时可排除A、B、D三个选项。归纳拓展文章出处汇总(l) 文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称newspaper(2) 推销介绍新产品、新书、新影片adv

29、ertisement(3) 文章中有click,download,access等网络用语website(4) 旅游景点介绍travel guide/guidebook(5) 科普知识/研究介绍science report/study report(6) 文化教育性的文章education section(7) 时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍magazine/journal/entertainment section限时训练 应用体验Passage 1 （2021天津高考真题）When people ask me how I started writing, I find myself descri

30、bing an urgent need that I felt to work with language. Having said that, I did not know for a long time what I was looking for. It was not until I followed this feeling to its source that I discovered I had a passion for writing. With some encouragement from my colleagues, I had one of my poems publ

31、ished. This bit of success, however, was the point where my problem began.Back in 1978, I had to travel between three different campuses in the morning, teaching freshman composition. Afternoons I spent taking my daughter to her ballet and horse-riding lessons. I composed my lectures on the way, and

32、 that was all the thinking time I had. When I returned home, there was not enough of me left for writing after a full working day.As a way out, I decided to get up two hours before my usual time. My alarm was set for 5:00 AM. The first day I shut it off because I had placed it within arms reach. The

33、 second day I set two clocks, one on my night table, and one out in the hallway. I had to jump out of bed and run to silence it before my family was awoken. This was when my morning writing began.Since that first morning in 1978, I have been following the habit to this day, not making or accepting m

34、any excuses for not writing. I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book was published. When I decided to write a novel, I divided my two hours: the first for poetry, the second for fiction. Well or badly, I wrote at least two pages a day. This is how my novel, The Line

35、 of the Sun. was finished. If I had waited to have the time, I would still be waiting to write my novel.What I got out of getting up in the dark to work is the feeling that I am in control. For many people, the initial sense of urgency to create easily dies away because it requires making the tough

36、decision: taking the time to create, stealing it from yourself if ifs the only way.1What motivated the author to start her writing career?AHer strong wish to share.BHer keen interest in writing.CHer urgent need to make a living.DHer passionate desire for fame.2What problem did the author face when s

37、he decided to begin her writing?AShe was too exhausted to write after a busy day.BShe had trouble in deciding on her writing style.CShe had to take time to discipline her daughter.DShe was unsure about her writing skills.3Why did the author place an alarm clock in the hallway?AIn case the clock in h

38、er room broke down.BIn case she failed to hear the ringing.CTo force herself out of bed.DTo wake up her family.4How did the author manage to finish her novel?ABy sticking to writing every morning.BBy writing when her mind was most active.CBy drawing inspirations from classic novels.DBy reducing her

39、teaching hours at school.5What can we learn from the authors success in her writing career?AIt is never too late to change your job.BImaginative ideas die away if not taken in time.CA tight schedule is no excuse for lack of action.DDaily life provides ideas for creative writing.Passage 2 （2021天津高考真题

40、）When starting college, most students enjoy a weeks stay on campus before classes actually begin. What should you do with that time? Below are several tips to ease（使熟悉） yourself into college life.Participating in Campus Welcome ActivitiesMost universities host welcome events before the academic year

41、 officially begins, including freshmen orientations （迎新会），campus picnics, and entertainments like concerts.Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture: What do students do for fiin? What are their favorite classes? What is the history of

42、 your university? It can help you observe campus life outside the classroom.Exploring CampusGetting to know where essential campus resources aresuch as the student advising center, psychological services, and the tutoring centerwill make your first few weeks on campus a lot easier, because you wont

43、have to look for them while still getting used to your classes.Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting lost in the first few days of classes, and familiarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place. If youre worried

44、about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run wont hurt. That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.Starting a RoutineBefore getting too excited about all of the fun things you will be able to do during the week, remember that you do h

45、ave a pretty big schedule change coming up. Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so its a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to ge

46、t to those early classes and stay wide awake.If you have other daily routines, such as exercising or talking on the phone with family, work those into your day-to-day life before classes start so that you get a better idea of how they fit in with your schedule.6By participating in campus welcome act

47、ivities, freshmen can .Alearn about campus cultureBget their course scheduleChave a physical examinationDtake an entrance test7Why are freshmen advised to have a quick test run between buildings ?ATo see how many facilities they can use.BTo avoid being late for future classes.CTo help those getting

48、lost on campus.DTo practice running on their way to class.8When is it best for freshmen to start getting used to the new routine?AOn the first day of their classes.BBefore the orientation week.CAfter their first-day classes.DDuring the orientation week.9What does the author suggest freshmen do to st

49、ay focused in class?ATake physical exercise before class.BLeave their phones powered off.CTake early classes every day.DKeep to the sleep schedule.10What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?ATo offer some tips on making an easier start at college.BTo remind freshmen about the first day of

50、 school.CTo help freshmen organize campus activities.DTo share his college experience with the reader.Passage 3 （2021四川宜宾市李庄中学校一模） After his father was rushed to the hospital, Yanatha Desouvre began to panic. So he did the one thing he knew would calm himself: He wrote. Over the next few weeks, Deso

51、uvre filled several notebooks, writing about his worry as well as his happy memories with his dad. “Writing allowed me to face my fear,” says Desouvre, “My pen was a tool to process the pain.”He is in good company. An extensive body of research shows benefits to writing about a traumatic (创伤) experi

52、ence in a manner that psychologists refer to as “expressive writing.”James Pennebaker, a psychology professor, says that studies have looked at the potential benefits of expressive writing and found that it can strengthen the immune system, including for people with illnesses such as cancer, depress

53、ion, and PTSD(创伤后应激障碍). It can also help reduce chronic pain(慢性痛), and improve mood, sleep, and memory. And it may even help reduce symptoms of depression and PTSDExpressive writing works because it allows you to make meaning out of a painful experience, experts say. It can be a powerful coping tool

54、 for many, in large part because it helps reduce the secrecy people often feel about a trauma, as well as their reluctance to face emotions. The mere act of labeling a feelingof putting words to an emotioncan hold back the neural activity in the threat area of the brain. Writing can increase someone

55、s acceptance of their experience, and acceptance is calming.Recognizing that something is bothering you is an important first step. Translating that experience into language forces you to organize your thoughts. And creating a narrative gives you a sense of control.11Why is Desouvres story mentioned

56、 in Paragraph 1?ATo bring up the topic.BTo make a comparison.CTo tell readers a real story.DTo explore the key to writing.12What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?AThe results traumatic experience causes.BThe benefits that expressive writing brings.CThe symptoms traumatic experience shows.DThe ways

57、 expressive writing strengthens immunity.13What can we conclude about expressive writing?AIt contributes to better writing.BIt lets us know how people obtain pain.CIt can help face miserable experience.DIt has been used widely in the daily life.14Where is the passage probably taken from?AA text book

58、.BA news report.CA writing guide.DA medical magazine.Passage 4 （2021安徽模拟预测） Weve all heard the stories of an actors struggles before a career breakthrough: living a hard life, working part time, being a couch potato before getting that major role. Shelby, the star of “A Dogs Way Home,” has a hard-lu

59、ck tale that could top them all. Before her big break, she was living in a landfill, rooting through garbage for her next meal.Shelbys big break came in April 2017, when animal-control officer Megan Buhler was driving in Cheatham County, Tennessee. Out on an unrelated call, Buhler spotted and approa

60、ched what she recalled was a noticeably scared puppy emerging from the dump. “I knelt down and just said, Oh, come here, baby,” said Buhler. “She was so scared, but she came right up to me, and I was able to put her in my truck.” The pair headed to the county animal shelter, where the staff began ca