Unit7TheSilkRoad丝绸之路PPT学习教案课件

1、会计学1Unit7TheSilkRoad丝绸之路Part II. Creativity and Exchange第1页/共59页Unit 7 The Silk Road第2页/共59页What does The Silk Road refer to ?4第3页/共59页IntroductionThe Silk Road refers to the ancient trade route connecting Asia Continent and European Continent, usually it can be classified into Northern Silk Road on

2、 the land，Southern Silk Road on the land and the Silk Road on the sea.第4页/共59页IntroductionThe Northern Silk Road on the land usually refers to the routes start from Changan(now Xian), travelling west to Wuwei, passing though Hexi Corridor to Dunhuang and go west to Europe.第5页/共59页IntroductionThe Sou

3、thern Silk Road on the land usually refers to the route starts from Sichuan Province and go south to India and Burma. This road has also played a great role in the war between China and Japan.第6页/共59页IntroductionThe Silk Road on the sea mainly started from Guangzhou,Quanzhou,Dengzhou,Yangzhou,and Mi

4、ngzhou ports, then it goes east to Korea,Japan, south to East-southern countries and west to Europe and Africa.第7页/共59页The Northern Silk Road on the land is the most famous,and We know it very well.第8页/共59页BeginningIts very hard to say exactly when the Silk Road started. Many incoherent small scale

5、trade routes have existed long ago. They can be considered as the earliest Silk Road beginning form. 第9页/共59页11Originating from Changan(the present-day Xian),the route traversed Shanxi Province,the hexi corridor in Gansu province ,the Tarim Basin in Xingjing,the Pamir mountain region ,Afghanistan,Ir

6、an, Iraq and Syria, ending at Mediterranean. 第10页/共59页THE SILK ROAD Han DynastyThe Silk Road formally started after Zhang Qians visiting as an envoy to Western Region in Western Han Dynasty. He went there twice separately in 138 B.C and 119 B.C. He plays an important role in exploring the Silk Road.

7、第11页/共59页13(164BC114BC)An explorer, traveler and diplomat in Han dynasty.第12页/共59页Why sent Zhang Qian ?14第13页/共59页15The ancient Silk Road in northwest China has a history of more than two thousand years. Originally, the Chinese traded silk internally within the empire. Caravans旅行队from the empires in

8、terior would carry silk to the western edges of the region. They were often attacked by the small Central Asian tribes who wanted to capture the traders valuable commodities. Trail Blazer of THE SILK ROAD第14页/共59页16The expansion of the Han empire made the Silk road possible by opening up trade route

9、s.In order to protect these caravans and assure the safety of the trade, the Han Government dispatched General ZhangQian as an envoy to build good relationships with these tribes. Trail Blazer of THE SILK ROAD第15页/共59页Zhang Qian was sent to make an alliance with the Huns, which was never successful.

10、 He did however learn about crops such as grapes, a more powerful horse for combat, and established trade relationships. The father of the Silk RoadZhang Qian -father of Silk Road第16页/共59页18THE SILK ROAD Han DynastyStarting from Changan, todays Xian, which was the capital of the Western Han Dynasty,

11、 Zhang led his team across the vast Western Regions and reached Loulan, Guizi and Yutian states and established trade relations with these small kingdoms. 第17页/共59页THE SILK ROAD Han DynastyAfter Zhang Qian, Ban Chao took on a mission to the Western Region, smoothing the Silk Road that had been block

12、ed by external wars. His assistant Gan Ying reached Daqin (ancient Rome) and even went to Persian Gulf, extended the Silk Road. 第18页/共59页20THE SILK ROADLoulan, Guizi and Yutian were three important states in the Western Region at that time. They were all abandoned for uncertain reasons and travelers

13、 today can see ruins of these three once flourishing places. 第19页/共59页21THE SILK ROADZhangs officers went even further into the central Asia. All of the kingdoms that Zhang and his team had visited sent their envoys to visit Changan (todays Xian) to express their appreciation for the new relationshi

14、p and show their respect to the Han Government. 第20页/共59页22THE SILK ROADFrom then on, merchants could travel on the silk route safely, and they began to explore this new route in order to carry silk from China to other parts of the world. 第21页/共59页Silk was a valuable trade good because it was a clot

15、h that was strong, warm, light, and soft.It was valuable because at the time only the Chinese knew how to make it.Under Han rule revealing the silk making process was punishable by death.Silk as a trade good第22页/共59页What did the Silk Road function in the past?24-Trade route-A bridage that linked Anc

16、ient China to the outside world-第23页/共59页The Silk Road was one of the reasons the Han dynasty prospered with a network of smaller trade routes that stretched more than four thousand miles.The Roman empire dominated the Mediterranean, but the silk road connected both powerful empires and linked the p

17、eople of the east and the west for over a thousand years. The Silk Road第24页/共59页When people of other culture learned about silk, it was a highly prized material.The roman wanted silk and it was considered luxury item.The Roman traded glassware and gold something the Chinese really wanted.Rome trades

18、 glassware for silk第25页/共59页Tang DynastyThe Tang Dynasty government paid more attention to the Silk Road.Unlike the Silk Road in Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty had control over some areas of Western Region and Central Asia along the road, establishing effective and sturdy orders, which cleared obstacles

19、for Chinese businessmen.第26页/共59页28THE SILK ROADThe famous Chinese Monk Xuanzang in Tang Dynasty traveled along the Silk Road during the Tang Dynasty. 第27页/共59页29THE SILK ROADThe famous Chinese Monk Xuanzang in Tang Dynasty traveled along the Silk Road during the Tang Dynasty. Xuanzang began his tri

20、p from Changan (todays Xian) and passed through the GanSu Corridor, HaMi, TurPan and continued his journey westward to India. Xuanzang was surprised by the warm reception he received along his way. 第28页/共59页30THE SILK ROADIt was commonly believed that people in those states were brutal, wild and unc

21、ontrollable. Xuangzangs trip changed the attitude toward the nomadic tribes in the Western Region and this contributed greatly to the Tang governments friendly relationship with these states. 第29页/共59页Tang DynastyAfter An Shi Rebellion in Tang Dynasty, the empire fell down. By 760 AD, the Tang Gover

22、nment had lost control of the Western Region and the trade on the Silk Road was halted. 第30页/共59页Yuan DynastyThe silk road on the land revived greatly during Yuan Dynasty period when China became largely dependent on its silk trade. Genghis Khan conquered all the small states, unified China and buil

23、t a large empire under his rule. 第31页/共59页33THE SILK ROADYuan DynastyTrade along the Silk Road reached its zenith during this period. The famous traveler Marco Polo traveled along the Silk Road visiting DaDu that is todays Beijing and wrote his famous book about the orient and introduced China to we

24、stern countries systematically.第32页/共59页34THE SILK ROADAs overland trade became increasingly dangerous, and travel by sea became more popular, trade along the Silk Road declined. While the Chinese did maintain a silk-fur trade with the Russians north of the original Silk Route. 第33页/共59页DeclinationB

25、y the end of the fourteenth century, trade and travel along the road had decreased significantly. Gradually it was replaced by the Silk Road on the sea.第34页/共59页36THE SILK ROADThe Silk Road was definitely an important path for cultural, commercial and technological exchange between traders, merchant

26、s,pilgrim ,missionaries even soldiers. During more than 2000 years, the road improved the transfer from nomads to urban dwellers across the Asian continent even the countries bordering upon Mediterranean.第35页/共59页InfluenceThe Silk Road greatly promoted the exchanges of economy, technology and cultur

27、e among the Asian, the European and the African.it made the whole world colorful. 第36页/共59页The Silk road was not one continuous route, but a series of shorter trade routes so the goods could change many time before reaching the final destination.From Luoyang , the silk road led west along the Gobi D

28、esert to Dunhuang in Northwestern China. Travelers rode a Camel on the eastern silk road.From Dunhuang travelers choose either a northern or southern route across the Takliman desert to Kashgar. Travelers faced many problems such as bandits often attacking, sandstorms, and lack of water. The Eastern

29、 Silk Road第37页/共59页Silk was the perfect trading good, because it was light and valuable. Goods had to be easily carried so that merchants could transport more goods on fewer animals.Besides silk, the Chinese also traded fine dishware, ornaments, jewelry, cast iron products, and decorative boxes.The

30、Chinese received a variety of trades for their goods such as horses, jade, furs, gold, cotton, spices, pearls, and ivory. Goods exchanged along the eastern silk road第38页/共59页Kashgar was the central trading point and they traveled Westward. Instead of carrying goods by camel they carried goods by Yak

31、.The Western Silk road went through mountains, deserts, and then finally reached the Mediterranean ports. The dangers of the Western Silk road were treacherous Mountains know as “Trail of bones.” In the Syrian Desert traders were threatened by tigers, lions, and scorpions. The Western Silk Road第39页/

32、共59页Rome sent a number of products to be exchanged for Chinese silk such as vases, trays, small bottles, asbestos, and gold.Tiberius the emperor of Rome passed a law where it was illegal to wear silk. It was believed that Tiberius though it would make the Romans look soft and weak, but many believed

33、 it was because of the shortage of gold. Goods excahnged along the western silk road第40页/共59页The trade between east and west created cultural diffusion.With the sharing of cultures such as India, Buddhism spread throughout china and other surrounding civilizations. Food were also brought throughout

34、the silk road. China imported new food such as grapes, figs, pomegranates, and walnuts. The West imported oranges, peaches, pears, and different flowers such as chrysanthemums.Cultural Exchanges and the Silk Road第41页/共59页43THE SILK ROADThe emergence of the Silk Road vigorously promoted the East-West

35、 economic, cultural exchanges, and contributed to the rise of the Han Dynasty. Further more, that route is a key pathway of Intercourse between East and West, either.第42页/共59页44As the road to the west was popularly known for its trade of silk, which was priced as valuable as gold, that commercial ro

36、ute came to be known as the Silk Road.第43页/共59页45.Routes of the Silk RoadGenerally speaking , there were two major routes: one was overland, the other was across the Indian Ocean.第44页/共59页46 The sea route of “Silk Road” normally starts from Guangxi or else port towns on the southeastern coast of Chi

37、na. A fleet extends its voyage through the sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, South China Sea, the Bay of Bengal（孟加拉湾）, around the Malay Peninsula, off the coast of Burma, and came to Southeast Asia and the India Peninsula. Then, it continues along a route across the Indian Ocean, the Arab Sea, the Persi

38、an Gulf(波斯湾), the Red sea and finally arrives at destination ports of Africa or Europe.第45页/共59页47Guangxithe sea of Japanthe Bay of Bengalthe India Peninsulathe Persian Gulf第46页/共59页48 With the development of seamanship and navigation, particularly after Zhenghe successfully sailed to the West, a sea route to the