介词的概念、种类和用法

1、介词的概念、种类和用法 一、概念介词是一种虚词。它不能在句子中担当成分，需要与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他类词、短语、从句构成介词短语，来构成句子的成分。例如(1)My book is on the desk(介词on和名词the desk一起构成表语成分) 主语 系动词 表语 (2)We usually have dinner at 6 p.m.(介词at和数词6pm.一起构成时间状语) 主语 频率副词 谓语 宾语 时间状语二、介词的种类按照构成分类如下介词种类简单介词at in on after before by down for from of off past with above复

2、合介词into onto outside inside without短语介词in front of, because of按类型分类如下介词种类时间介词at in on before after from方位介词at in on under by near between behind beside方向介词to into up down through along, out of方式介词by on with原因介词for from of with三、常用介词的基本用法 at(1)时间I get up at 6 oclock every morning我每天早晨六点钟起床。(2)在某一具体地点

3、My father is standing at the bus stop我爸爸站在公共汽车站。(3)动作的方向、目标：Let me have a look at your new watch.让我看看你的新手表。(4)固定搭配at last最后；at once立刻、马上；a tthe same time同时，at first首先；not at a11一点也不 in(1)在里面：The book is in the backpack书在双肩背包里。(2)在一段时间里：I usually have a walk in the evening我经常在晚上散步。(3)用，以：Whats that i

4、n English?那用英语怎么说?(4)在某一年份、季节、月份in 1995，in autumn，in March(5)表示状态，服饰My sister is in red today我妹妹今天穿着红色的衣服。(6)在 方面Tom does well in math汤姆数学很好。(7)某些固定搭配：in front of在前面；in the end最后；in time及时等。 on(1)在上面：The pen is on the desk钢笔在桌子上。(2)在(星期)天，在某天的上午(下午，晚上)：They go to park on Sunday星期天他们去公园。My grandmas b

5、irthday is on May 5th我奶奶的生日是在五月五日。(3)某些固定搭配：on duty值日，on time准时等。 after(1)在之后：After the last class，we played football together最后一节课上完后，我们一起踢足球。(2)在后面：He came into the room after me他在我后面进了房间。behind(1)在之后There is a cat behind the door门后有一只小猫。(2)比晚，迟于The bus is behind time汽车晚点了。by(1)在旁We are eating by

6、the window我们在窗户边吃饭。(2)到时候：Ihavelearnedl000newwordsbynow到现在为止，我已经学会了1000个新英文单词。(3)以方式：He went to Beijing by plane他乘飞机去的北京。(4)某些固定搭配one by one一个接一个；by the way顺便说一句等。 for(1)为，给，替：Ill make a dinner for my parents我要给我的父母做顿晚饭。(2)由于：Thank you for helping me谢谢你帮我。 like(I)像样：Lucy looks like her mother露西长得像她的

7、妈妈。(2)这样，那样Dont speak to your mothe rlike that别那样跟你的妈妈说话。(3)怎样Whats the weather like?天气怎样? near靠近，在附近My school is near the park我的学校在公园附近。 0f(1)的(表示所属关系)：This is a photo of his family这是一张他家的照片。(2)的(用于所有格)：He is one of my fathers friends他是我爸爸的一个朋友。(3)想到，谈到I often think of them我常常想到他们。(4)某些固定搭配of cours

8、e当然；because of因为，由于等。 over(1)在正上方：Some birds are flying over the sea有一些乌在海上飞。(2)超过，不止：My grandpa is over 80我的爷爷80多岁了。(3)遍及，穿过：There is a bridge over the river有座桥横跨那条河。 to(1)到，往，向She walks to the door她走向门。(2)表示时间、数量，到为止Please count from one to ten请从1数到10。(3)向，对，给：Happy birthday to you大家新年好。UnderWhats under your desk?你书桌底下是什么？ with(1)和Would you like to go to the movies with us?你愿意和我们一起看电影么?(2)表示伴随状态，带有Whos that girl with long curly hair?那个长着长卷发的女孩是谁? about(1)表示大约时间I go to bed at about 9 P m