英语常用八种基础时态讲解和练习

1、-. z.英语时态一般现在时一般现在时通常用动词原形表示，但当主语是第三人称单数he, she, it, Tom时需要在在动词原形后面加-e或-es.如：规则动词原形第三人称单数形式一般动词在词尾加-s,在清辅音后读/s/,在元音和浊辅音后读/z/,在t后读/ts/,在d后读/dz/.help, like, swim, listen, know, play, get, find.helps, likes, swims, listens, knows, plays, gets, finds以字母s,*, ch,sh结尾的动词加-es,读/ /, 如果动词原形词尾已有-e，则加-s.以o结尾的动词

2、也加-es.teach, go, watch,teaches, goes, watches以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i, 再加-es,读/z/.study,studies一般现在时的根本用法1.表示主语现在的特征和状态，通常不用时间状语。He is twelve, she is at home. She likes bread.2. 表示经常发生、反复发生的动作。这种用法中与always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never, once a week等频度副词连用。She often goes to the movies on w

3、eekends.-When is your birthday-My birthday is January 15th.3.表示客观真理、科学事实、格言等。The sun always rises in the east.太阳总是从东方升起。The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.4.一般现在表示将来时。. 表示按时间表拟定的或安排好，到时就发生的事情或动作。The train arrives at 10:30. There is plenty of time.火车十点三十分到达，还有充足的时间。She es back ne*t w

4、eek.她下周会回来。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中。I will discuss this with you when we meet ne*t time.下次见面时咱们再讨论。If he arrives, please give me a phone call.现在进展时构成：be(am, is are)+现在分词。现在进展时的根本用法(1).表示说话时正在进展的动作，常与now, at the moment等连用。有时句首有look, listen等。What are doingI am watching TV.(2).表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进展的动作。We are wor

5、king on a farm these days.I am writing a book this month.(3).现在进展时可以表示按方案、安排将要发生的动作，尤其是一些表示位置移动的词，如e, go, leave, start, arrive.等句中往往有表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, ne*t week等-What are you doing for vacation-I am babysitting my sister.-When are they going-Theyre going ne*t week.一般将来时(1)

6、.助动词will/shall+动词原形表示将来*个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常常带有表示将来的时间状语，如：tomorrow, ne*t week, in two days, in the future, from now on等We will e to see you ne*t week.Do you think there will be robots in peoples home表示事情的必然性。It will be Tuesday tomorrow.I will 18 years old ne*t year.(2).be going to+动词原形

7、表示按方案、安排，打算要做的事情，或者有迹象说明将要发生的事情。I am going to check my this evening.It is going to rain.(3).be to do构造表示将来这种构造表示方案中约定的活按职责、义务、要求必须做的事情或即将发生的动作。My dream is to be a great scientist.Your homework is to be handed in ne*t Monday.你的作业下周一必须交上。(4).be about to表将来这一构造表示马上要发生的事情，不强调主观，一般不与具体的时间状语连用。Be quiet. T

8、he film is about to start.安静，电影马上开场了。一般过去时一般过去时是由动词的过去式来表示的。一般过去时表示过去*一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。动词的过去式的构成分为规则与不规则两类。规则动词的过去式构成如下构成规则原形过去式一般在动词原形末尾加-edlookplaystartlookedplayedstarted结尾是e的动词加-dlivehopeuselivedhopedused末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-edstopplanstoppedplanned以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i再加-edstudycarryworr

9、ystudiedcarriedworried现在完成时构成：助动词have/has+过去分词表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成的结果或影响。常与already, just, yet, in the last few years, so far, -Have you had your lunch yet-yes, I have. I have just had it.现在我不饿了I have already posted the photos.(这些照片已不在这里了) 表示动作或状态从过去*个时间开场，一直延续到现在，可能刚刚完毕，也可能继续下去。常与for, since引导的时间状语连用，谓语动词

10、用延续性动词。I have known Li Ming for three years. She has taught us since I came to this school. *注意：1since和for的区别since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got therefor后接一段时间，表示长达多久，如ten years, a while, two days等。E*ercise: 用since和for填空1. His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.2. Mary is in her

11、office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.3. Mike has been ill _a long time. He has been in hospital _ October.现在完成时的时间状语1现在完成时属于现在时*围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。.用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否认句和 疑问句中。如：We have already fin

12、ished it. They havent finished their homework yet.用ever 和never。多用于否认或疑问句中，表示曾经或从未等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. He has been

13、 there three times the past few days. .用包括现在在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today-No, I havent. 。 How many times have you been there this year 2现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示一段时间的状语连用,表示动作或状态从*一时刻开场，一直持续到现在。如：I havent seen him for two years. have bee to和have gone

14、tohave been to 表示曾经去过*地。have gone to 表示已经去*地了。1.Jane has _ to Beijing. She will e back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C. went D. never been2.-_ you ever _ to the US - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going3).since用法用 It is或has been一段时间 since改写，该句型中since后面的谓语动词多为终止性动词，且常用一般过去时。例句：

15、It is或has beentwo years since my brother joined the army It is或has beenthirty years since he left his hometown现在完成时的口诀发生在过去，影响在现在。just, already, yet常配用。过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，可把一段时间带。have been to+地点曾去*地已回来。have gone to+地点已去*地未回来.【强化训练】1).My brother _ the Youth League for two years Ahas been in Bhas entere

16、d Chas taken part in Dhas joined in 2)._have you been away from home？ I have been away from homeFor five years AHow much BWhat time CHow long DWhen 3The meeting _ for five hours Ahas finished Bhas ended Chas been over Dhas stopped 4When Jack arrived，he learned Mary_ for almost an hour Ahad gone Bhad

17、 set off Chad left Dhad been away 5The baby _ for eleven hours Afell asleep Bhas fallen asleep Chas got to sleep Dhas been asleep 6While I _ Beijing，it was raining very hard Agot to Breached Carrived in Dvisited 7How long have you _ ？ Since two years ago Afallen ill Bbeen ill Cleft home Dmarried 8Wh

18、at was the party like？ WonderfulIts years _ I enjoyed myself so much Aafter Bwhen Cbefore Dsince 9It is weeks since he _ So it isWed better ask someone else to help us Afell ill Bwas ill Cis ill Dhas been ill 10Ill lend you my book，but you can onlyit for three days Aborrow Bkeep Ctake Dgot 11. When

19、he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away12. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in13. The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened14. Mary and

20、 Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have bee15.You mustnt _ until he es back. A. be away B. leave C. be left16.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over17. Today is Thursday, and Tom lost his bike last Sunday. We may say _.A.

21、Tom has lost his bike four days agoB. Tom has lost his bike for four days.C. Tom lost his bike for four days.D. Its four days since Tom lost his bike 18.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has bee C. was D. became19. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned20. How

22、 long _ he _ A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead21. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept22.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 23.-How long _ you _ ill -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been24.Since 2000, he _ hi

23、s hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from25.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take26.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been27.Are you _ the jacket these days A. wearing B. putting on C. dressi

24、ng D. on28.He _ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up29. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had30.- How long can I _ the book - Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep31. How long have you _ hereA. e B. got C. arrived D. been3

25、2. -Do you know Linda very well -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have bee C. have been D. have turned33. His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in34. His uncle _ for more than 9 years.A. has e here B. has started to work C

26、. has lived there D. has left the university35. Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. beganKey:15 ACCDD 6-10 DBDAB 11-15 D C A B B; 16-20 C D A B C; 21-25 B C C C B; 26-30 C A C D D 3135 DCDDC过去进展时构成：助动词be(was/were)+现在分词表示过去*一时刻正在进展的动作，常用的时间状语有at the mome

27、nt那时，at ten oclock last night昨晚10点，(at) this time yesterday昨天那个时候等。What were you doing at seven last night昨晚7点钟你在做什么？I was watching TV.我在看电视表示过去*阶段正在进展或暂时性的动作，常用的时间状语有at that time那时，last night昨天晚上，last winter去年冬天等。At that time he was working in Sydney. 那时，他在悉尼工作。It came at about 6:30 this morning. I

28、 was reading the newspaper then.时间是今天早晨六点半，我在看报纸。过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去*一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。一般将来时是以现在时间为基点看将来；过去将来时则是说话人以过去*时为基点看将来。过去将来时多用于宾语从句包括间接宾语，表示从句动作发生在主句动作之后。有三种形式，最常见的是would/should+动词原形He said(that)he would ring me up at si*.他说他将在6点钟给我打。I thought you would change your mind.我原以为你会改变主意的。过去将来时也可用was/w

29、ere going to +动词原形或*些动词的过去进展时的形式来表达。I didnt know that she was going to have a boy. 我当时不知道她将生一个男孩。He didnt say when she was ing.他没说他什么时候要来.过去完成时构成：助动词had+过去分词表示一个动作在过去*一时间或*一动作之前已经完成，常与时间状语by yesterday到昨天为止，by the end of last week到上周末，by the time到时等连用。By the time I got outside, the bus had already le

30、ft.I realized I had left my backpack at home.在宾语从句中，也经常使用过去完成时，表示 从句动作先于主句动作发生。I thought I had seen him before. 我原以为以前见过他。表示一个动作在过去*一时间以前就已经开场，一直延续到另一个过去时间，并有可能继续下去。常与for, since引导的表示时间的状语或从句连用。By si* oclock yesterday they had worked for 12hours.到昨天6点为止，他们已经工作了12个小时。用括号中动词的适当的形式填空。 1The boy is happy

31、because he _(sell) out all the newspapers. 2The plan _(give) up because of rain. 3If it _(not rain) tomorrow, we _(go )fishing. 4Where _you_(be) these days 5Where is Tom He _(go) to the post office. He said he _(e) back soon. 6Mike says he _(want )to be a worker after he _(finish )school. 7The last

32、bus _just _(leave) when they _(get) to the bus stop. 8She _(not go) to bed until she _(finish) her work. 9Light _(travel )much faster than sound. 10I _(feel) much better after I _(take) the medicine. 11Where _we_(meet)Lets meet outside the park gate. 12I_(be) afraid Mr Johnson _(not visit) out schoo

33、l tomorrow. 13I _(lost) my bike ._you _(see) it anywhere 14_this kind of car _(produce) in Shanghai 15We _(see) several members of the family since we _(arrive) 16I found that the students _(play) football on the playground. 17The shop _(close) at this time of day. 18Where _your watch _(lose) 19_the

34、 doctor _(send) for last night 20Three children _(take) good care by the nurse. 21Some children _(take ) good care by the nurse. 22Some new houses _(build) by the villagers themselves. 23What language _(speak) in Australia 24The color TV _(buy) in that shop three days ago. 25He said he _(stay) here

35、for another two days. 26The doctor said Jim must _(operate ) on at once. 27_the bridge _(repair) yetYes, the workers_ already_(repair) it. 28We are in Grade One this year, so we _(teach ) physics ne*t year. 29Where _(be) you last nightI_(ask) to help Tom at home 30The big tree _(blow)down in the sto

36、rm last night. 31I_ never _(eat) such delicious noodles before. 32When we reached the town, it _(get) dark. 33We _(have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door. 34Lucy said she _(visit) the school the ne*t month. 35I _(wait) until he es back. 36You _(watch) TV after supper, arent you 37They

37、 _(be) to that small village several times. 39Can you tell me if it _(snow) tomorrow 40Could you tell me if you _(read) the story book 41He said the lights in the room _(go) out when he opened the door. 42I _(be) fifteen soon. 43Tom, your aunt _(e) this afternoon . 44My teacher often _(tell) us not

38、to play on the street. 45They_(plant) trees on the hill. Do you see 46The teacher said that the earth _(move) round the sun. 47She said she _(put) on a new coat the ne*t day. 48The Great Wall _(know) all over the world. 49Could you tell me where Alice _ (live) 50_the film _(show) many times since last Sunday. 51_the street lights usually _(turn) on at seven in summer evening 52I _(not go) to the cinema because I _(see) the film before. 53It _(get) dark. What about _(go) home at once 54You _(be) late if y