英语语言学树形图举例新

1、树形图详细讲解Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences.The old lady suddenly left.Det A N Qual VThe car stopped at the end of the road.Det N V P Det N P Det NThe snow might have blocked the road.Det N Aux Aux V Det NHe never appears quite mature.N Qual V Deg AThe following phrases incl

2、ude a head, a complement, and a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each.full of peopleAPfull of peoplea story about a sentimental girlNPabout a sentimental girlPPP NPDet A Nc) often read detective storiesoften read detective storiesthe argument against the proposalsNPthe argument aga

3、inst the proposalsmove towards the windowVPPPDet Nmovetowards the windowDraw phrase structure trees for each of the following sentences.a) The jet landed.InflP(=S)InflVPDetPstThejetlandedb) Mary became very ill.InflP(=S)NPInflVPMaryPst Vbecamec) What will you talk about?CPNPInflNP InflVPVPNPWhatwill

4、you eman.talk about ed) The apple might hit the SNP/XDet NAuxDetTheapple might hit themanORThe apple might hit themane) He often reads detective stories.He oftenreads etective storiesORHe often reads etective storiesThe following sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each sentence, first

5、 identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree structures.A frightened passenger landed the crippled airplane.InflP(=S)NP Infl VPDet A N Pst VNPDet AA frightened passenger landed the crippled airplaneb) A huge moon hung in the black sky.A hugemoon hung inthe black skyc) An unusual event occurred befo

6、re the meeting.An unusual event occurred before the meetingd) A quaint old house appeared on the grassy hill.A quaint oldhouse appeared on the grassy hill5. The following sentences all contain conjoined categories. Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences.a) Jim has washed the dirty shirts an

7、d pants. InflP(=S)NPVPhaswashed the dirty shirts and pantsORJimJimhaswashedthe dirty shirts andpantsHelen put on her clothes and went out.ORSNPNher clothes andwent outHelen put onN Pst VPCONVPher clothes andwent outHelen put onMary is fond of literature but tired of statistics.Mary is fond of litera

8、ture but (is) tired of statisticsORInflP(=S)Mary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statisticsThe detective went out and the mysterious man came in.went outand the mysterious man came inThe detectiveCrusoe knows that spring will come and the snow will melt.S6know that I hate warCrusoe knows tha

9、t spring will come and the snow will melt6. The following sentences all contain embedded clauses that function as complements of a verb, an adjective, a preposition or a noun. Draw a tree structure for each sentence.a) You know that I hate war.YouORknow that Ihate warYoub) He said that Tom asked whe

10、ther the class was over.SNPN7HeSNPNVPGerrycan not believesaid that Tom asked whether the class was overGerry cant believe the fact that Anna flunked the English exam.Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce.NChriswas happy that his father bought him a Rolls-RoyceThe children argued o

11、ver whether bats had wings.Sargued over whether bats had wingsthe deep structure and the surface structureNP/Det NThe childrenEach of the following sentences contains a relative clause. Drawtrees for each of the sentences.The essay that he wrote was too long.Deep structureCPThe essay hewrote that wa

12、s too longSurface StructureThe essay that hewrote ewas too longThe dog that he keeps bites.Deep structurehe keeps thatbitesThe dogSurface StructureCPCNPNPInfl VPI I I zNN Pres V NPThe dog that he keeps ebitesHerbert found the man she loved.Deep structure10CPN InflVHerbertfoundSurface StructureCPNPNf

13、ound the man (whom) she loved eHerbertThe girl whom he often quarrels with majors in linguistics.Deep structure CPSNP11The girlhe often quarrels with whom majors in linguisticsSurface StructureCPDetoften quarrels with eThe girl whom hetmajors in linguisticsThe derivations of the following sentences

14、involve the inversion transformation. Give the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of these sentences.Would you come tomorrow?Deep structure12CPAdvPAdvyou wouldcometomorrowSurface structureAdvPAdvwouldcometomorrowyouCan you pass me the newspaper?Deep structureyoucanpass me the newspaperSurface structureCanyoupassmethenewspaper13Should the students report the incident?Deep structurethe studentsshouldreportthe incidentstudentsshouldthereportthe incidentWhat did you eat for lunch? Deep structureyoudideat what for lunchSurface structureInfl NPPP14InflNPyoueat