初中语法专题：宾语从句（课件）

1、初中语法专题：宾语从句（课件） 适用年级：初三年级 注： 本课件可播放动画(点击)， 练习题有参考答案 初中语法专题：宾语从句（课件）【 概 念 】 宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句 中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语， 或形容词的宾语。 【考点扫描】 初中对宾语从句的考查主要集中在 以下几个方面： 1. 宾语从句的引导词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。知识点一：宾语从句的三种类型和引导词的选用： 根据宾语从句引导词的选用类型不同， 宾语从句分为三类： 类型一：由that引导的宾语从句。 类型二：由疑问词（如 who ) 引导的宾语从句。 类型三： 由if或whether引导

2、的宾语从句。 类型之一： 由that引导的宾语从句。 that只起引导作用，没有具体含义， 在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 例如： 1）He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. 2）She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.类型之二： 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语 从句。这些词都充当成分，有具体含义。 例如：1）Do you know whom they are waiting for? 2）I cant

3、 understand what you said .类型之三： 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。 If 和 whether 在句中都是“是否”的意思， 它们只起引导作用，不充当成分。 例如： 1）I want to know if he lives there. 2）He asked me whether I could help him.补充： 引导词whether 和 if 的用法区别。 在正式文体中，下列情况不用if , 而要用 whether 来表示 “是否”： 后有or not ； 2).后紧跟不定式； 练习题： （1）. Do you know _ he has c

4、ome back or not ? A. if B. weather C. whether D. how （2）. They have not decided _ to buy the house. A. if B. weather C. what D. whether.知识点二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序 （即：从句中的主语在前，谓语动词在后 ）。 宾语从句里，即使有疑问词，也应该注意： 从句的主语在前，谓语动词在后，且 不需要加助动词来构成倒装。例如： 1）Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 2）Please tell me wh

5、ere Tom lives.语序随堂练习题 1）. I want to know _ the day after tomorrow . A. what will he do B. what he will do C. he will do what D. what does he do 2）. Could you please tell me _ ? A. where do you live B. how old are you C. what does Tom do D. when Kate came here语序随堂练习题（参考答案） 1）. I want to know _B_ the

6、day after tomorrow . A. what will he do B. what he will do C. he will do what D. what does he do 2）. Could you please tell me _D_ ? A. where do you live B. how old are you C. what does Tom do D. when Kate came here知识点三. 宾语从句的时态时态考点一：如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语 从句根据动词发生的情况确定用什么时态 ( 但不能用过去将来时和过去完成时 )。如： 1）I thin

7、k (that) Jim is cleaning his room now. 2）I think Tom was here yesterday. 3）I want to know if we will visit the park tomorrow. 时态考点二： 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句 只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过 去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。 例如： 1）He asked what time it was. 2）He told me that he was preparing for the exam. 3）He asked if you had writ

8、ten to Peter. 4）He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 时态考点三： 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，宾语从句的 时态常用一般现在时。如： 1）Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. 2）Mr. Li told me yesterday that the earth turns around the sun.时态考点四： 以would, could 为句首的疑问句是 一种礼貌的用法，并不是表过去时态, 则宾语从句可以用现在有关时态。 例如：

9、 Could you tell me where Tom lives ? 你能告诉我Tom住在哪里吗？知识点四、“翻译题”解题技巧： 宾语从句 和 疑问词 + to do结构 （又叫不定式复合结构） 解题技巧分析： 从结构上看，由于宾语从句的结构中有主 语和谓语的变化，翻译时往往比不定式复杂， 在做翻译填空题时，可以根据空格数来确定选 用什么结构！ 空格多，往往用宾语从句； 空格少，用不定式复合结构的可能性大。 随堂练习：翻译填空： 1，我不知道哪里能买到这种书。 1）I dont know _ _ _ _ this kind of book. 2）I dont know _ _ _ this

10、 kind of book. 2， 你能告诉我怎样解答（work out）这道数学题吗？ 1）Can you tell me _ _ _ _ out this maths problem ? 2）Can you tell me _ _ _ out this maths problem ? 随堂练习：翻译填空（参考答案）： 1，我不知道哪里能买到这种书。 1）I dont know where I can buy this kind of book. 2）I dont know where to buy this kind of book. 2， 你能告诉我怎样解答（work out）这道数学题

11、吗？ 1）Can you tell me how I can work out this maths problem ? 2）Can you tell me how to work out this maths problem ? 巩固练习题一： 选择题 ( ) He says that _ . A.he would go to Beijing B.he will go to Beijing 2. ( ) I want to know _ yesterday. A. what did she do B.when she came back ( ) He told me that he _ to

12、morrow. A.will clean his room B.would clean his room4 ( ). Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2008. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived5 （ ）. Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. w

13、hy he didnt watch the game 6 （ ）. I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 巩固练习题一：选择题 (参考答案)： 1. ( B ) He says that _ . A. he would go to Beijing B. he will go to Beijing 2. ( B ) I want to know _ yesterday. A. what did she do B.

14、 when she came back 3. ( B ) He told me that he _ tomorrow. A. will clean his room B. would clean his room4 ( D ). Miss Green didnt tell us _ in 2008. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived5 （ D ）. Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. wh

15、ere he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game 6 （ B ）. I dont know when _. A. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 巩固练习题二：翻译句子1，他们还没决定在哪里建新医院。 （1）They havent decided _ _ _ _ the new hospital. （2）They havent de

16、cided _ _ _ the new hospital.2，他们不知道下一步做什么. （1）They dont know _ _ _ it next . （2）They dont know _ _ _ _ it next. 3，我不知道什么时候前往上海。 I dont know _ _ leave for Shanghai.巩固练习题二：翻译句子 (参考答案)1，他们还没决定在哪里建新医院。 （1）They havent decided where they will build the new hospital. （2）They havent decided where to build the new hospital