高考英语语法填空之词性转换类PPT课件(PPT 41页)

1、语法填空第三讲：有提示词之词性转换1.第1页，共41页。 词性转换是语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及到: (1) 句子成分划分或句子结构分析； (2) 各种词性的语法功能； (3) 构词法特别是派生法 词性转换等多个知识点，是综合性较强的一道题。我们将其主要考点和必备基础归纳如下：2.第2页，共41页。考点1：形容词副词 形容词后+ly可变成与原来意义相同的副词。直接加-lyslow 慢的 slowly 缓慢地改y为-ilyhappy 高兴的 happily 高兴地去e加-lytrue 真的 truly 真的考点解密3.第3页，共41页。后 缀 例 词 后 缀 例 词 -alindustrial

2、 national -an European American-ern eastern northern -able reasonable believable -ful careful mouthful -ish childish selfish-ive active creative -y dirty thirsty windy -en golden wooden -ary imaginary revolutionary-ic realistic historic -some troublesome lonesome-like childlike womanlike -lyfriendly

3、 lovely -lesscareless harmless考点2：名词形容词(1)名词加不同的后缀变成形容词，常见的后缀有：4.第4页，共41页。(2)形容词变成名词。如：后缀例 词-nesshappiness 幸福 illness 疾病 -ydifficulty 困难 possibility 可能性 -ismsocialism 社会主义5.第5页，共41页。考点3：形容词动词(1)形容词可变成动词。如：en-enrich丰富 enable 使能够-enwiden加宽 sharpen削尖shorten 缩短 soften 软化-izeAmericanize 美国化 civilize 使开化m

4、odernize 现代化 nationalize国有化-ysimplify简化某些名词后加-y可变成动词，表示“使化”。如：beautify 美化6.第6页，共41页。(2)动词变成形容词。如：-ouscontinuous持续的 various各种各样的-able/ibledrinkable可饮用的accessible可进入的-ing/edinteresting令人感兴趣的 excited兴奋的7.第7页，共41页。考点4：动词名词后缀例 词-anceacceptance接受 appearance 出现-encereference参考 existence 存在-alrefusal拒绝 arri

5、val 到达-tiondictation听写 preparation 准备-mentargument 争论 judgment 判断8.第8页，共41页。考点5：名词名词(人)后缀例 词-erteacher 教师 reader 读者officer 官员 farmer 农夫villager 村民 Londoner 伦敦人-orconductor 售票员 visitor 游客-arbeggar 乞丐 -essactress 女演员 hostess 女主人-eseChinese 中国人Japanese 日本人-ianmusician 音乐家 physician内科医生-istscientist科学家

6、socialist社会主义者9.第9页，共41页。考点6：不变词性的前缀和后缀前缀含 义例 词dis-不，否定dissatisfy使不满意 dishonest 不诚实un-不unable 不能够 unlucky 不幸的un-相反动作undress脱衣服 unload 卸货in-im-ir-il-不，非inactive 不活跃的 incorrect 不正确的impolite不有礼貌的 impossible不可能的irregular 不规则的 irresponsible不负责任的illogical 不合逻辑的 illegal 非法的non-不，非non-existent不存在的 non-stop

7、直达的mis-错误的，坏的misunderstand 误解 misfortune 厄运,不幸10.第10页，共41页。前缀含 义例 词re重复，再rewrite重写 remarry 再婚super-在上面，超级supermarket 超市 supermodel 超级名模under-在之下underestimate低估 underground 地下的inter-相互，之间international国际的 interact 相互作用semi-半semifinal（半决赛） semicircle 半圆multi-多，多种multi-national多国的 multi-coloured多种颜色的kil

8、o-千kilometer 千米,公里 kilogram 千克,公斤tele-远telephone 电话 television 电视a-在上/里aboard 在船/火车/飞机上 ahead 在前面11.第11页，共41页。注：前缀一般只改变词义而不改变词性： 但en-也改变词性，如：large大的-enlarge扩大，danger危险-endanger危及； 后缀一般改变词性不改变词义，但-ship也不改变词性，如：leader领导-leadership领导阶层；friend朋友-friendship友谊。12.第12页，共41页。 要正确解答高考语法填空中的词语派生题，必须弄清要填的词在句子中

9、充当哪种句子成分，作该种成分需要哪种词类的词；然后再根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。 下表归纳了各种句子成分的概念、所处的语境和充当该句子成分的典型词类，这些是做好词语派生题的必备基础，建议同学们理解并熟记：解题技巧13.第13页，共41页。概念描述所处语境充当的词类主语讲的是什么人或什么事句子最前面；在冠词、形容词性物主代词，及some, any, other等后名词、代词；动名词、不定式或从句宾语动作的行为对象及物动词或介词之后；在冠词、形容词性物主代词，及some, any, other等后谓语表示主语干什么或是什么主语之后动词表语说明主语的身份、特征或状态系动词之后主要是形容词

10、；某些名词；个别副词补语补充说明宾语或主语在宾语之后；或在被动式谓语之后定语修饰和限定名词或代词名词之前，something等代词之后形容词状语修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子动词前后；形容词或副词之前；句首副词14.第14页，共41页。根据该词在句子所作成分确定用哪种形式。具体方法有：技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。 In a _ (danger)

11、 part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。 考点分析15.第15页，共41页。Teachers must try their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject解析：因所填词在句中作宾语most of their students的补足语，用形容词；表示”感兴趣的”，填interested。考点分析16.第16页，共41页。1.In this lecture

12、, I can only give you a purely _ (person) view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.2.If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my _(immediately) reaction will be to tell the police.personal immediate 巩固练习17.第17页，共41页。技巧2：作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式；在形容词性物主代词

13、后，或者在”冠词(+形容词)”后，用名词形式。要注意名词是否用复数形式。如：考点分析18.第18页，共41页。1. Always read the _ (instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.2. On the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular _ (choose) for a wedding in some countries.3. We take _ (proud) in the prosperi

14、ty of our country.instructions choice pride 巩固练习19.第19页，共41页。4. the remains date from this period because of their _ (similar) to those found elsewhere.5. instructors expect students to be familiar with _ (inform) in the readingsimilarities information 巩固练习20.第20页，共41页。技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形

15、式。如：1Volunteering is becoming _ (increase) popular in China.2 I wasnt blaming anyone; I _ (mere) said errors like this could be avoided.increasingly merely 考点分析21.第21页，共41页。3.The island is _ (equal) attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.4.Do you think shoppi

16、ng online will _ (final) take the place of shopping in stores?equally finally 巩固练习22.第22页，共41页。技巧4：括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换，词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-等，在词根后加-less等。如：考点分析23.第23页，共41页。1. With the time going by, he was increasing concerned that his aim was _ (hope) to achieve.2. _

17、(fortunate), when he hurried to the station, he found the train had left five minutes.hopeless Unfortunately 巩固练习24.第24页，共41页。技巧5：括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，而是考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能是考查其比较等级。如：考点分析25.第25页，共41页。1there was a lot of information about the citys well-known tourist _ (attract) 2 The other frog

18、 went on jumping as hard as he couldHe jumped even _ (hard) and finally made himself out. 3.Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _ (popular).more popular attractions harder 巩固练习26.第26页，共41页。4. Storms which produced at least 13 tornadoes swept along New Mexi

19、cos border with Texas on Friday, destroying homes and other buildings and injuring at least 16 people, several critically, authorities said. The _ (bad) damage was reported in the towns of Logan and Clovis, which are about 80 miles apart, police said. worst 巩固练习27.第27页，共41页。综合练习：根据以上技巧完成下面的语法填空综合练习2

20、8.第28页，共41页。语篇填空：阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性，用括号中所给词语的适当形式填空。(A) A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1_ (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and youre 55 years old, Im going to give you 55 kisses, one for each year!” But the f

21、ather exclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, dont do it now; Im too busy!”monthly 综合练习29.第29页，共41页。 The youngster immediately fell 2_ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 3_ (apology) the father said, “You can finish later.” The boy said nothing but 4_ (quiet) walked away, 5_ (disappoint) written o

22、ver his face. That evening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!” But the boy didnt respond. 6_ (fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote. silent Apologically quietly disappointment Unfortunately 30.第30页，共41页。 “If only I could tell him how

23、 much I regret my 7_ (thought) words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.” Love is a two-way street. Any loving act must be 8_ (warm) accepted or it will be taken as 9_ (reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more 10_ (importance) than responding with love to the cry fo

24、r love from those who are near and precious to us. Because. there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy.thoughtless warmly rejection important 粗心的相互的31.第31页，共41页。(B) The Edinburgh International Festival is over fifty years old and has earned its reputation as one of the worlds gre

25、atest 1_ (celebrate) of the arts. The 2_ (found) of the Festival believed that the Festival programmes should be of the highest possible artistic standard presented by the best 3_(art) in the world, that the Festival should enliven(使活跃) and 4_(rich) the cultural life of Europe, Britain and Scotland

26、and that it should provide a period of flowering of the human spirit.celebrations founders artists enrich 综合练习32.第32页，共41页。 The Edinburgh International Festival has developed 5_(significance) over the years, yet the founders 6_(origin) intentions are closely reflected in the current aims and objecti

27、ves.significantly original 33.第33页，共41页。Each year during the summer months Edinburgh becomes the worlds Festival City. It is the huge range and number of artistic events, 7_(perform) and exhibitions happening throughout the city which makes Edinburgh 8_(forget). It makes you feel that there is alway

28、s something else happening around the corner which you are 9_(miss). This is 10_(evitable可以避免的)part of the joy of the Festival. performances unforgettable missing inevitable 34.第34页，共41页。The _ (die) of composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart at the age of 35 may have been caused by complications stemming f

29、rom strep throat, according to a Dutch study published on Monday. Since the _ (compose) death in 1791, there have been _ (vary) theories about the cause of his _ (time) end, from intentional poisoning, to rheumatic fever, to trichinosis, a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked pork.death composers various untimely (C)35.第35页，共41页。On his death ce