高考英语阅读理解题型及解题技巧课件(PPT 130页)

1、阅读理解题型及解题技巧主讲：张生伟.第1页，共130页。1. 细节理解2. 猜测词义 3. 推理判断4.主旨大意5. 观点态度6. 篇章结构题型及解题技巧.第2页，共130页。123456主旨大意细节理解观点态度篇章结构推理判断猜测词义阅读技巧.第3页，共130页。细节理解.第4页，共130页。本类试题主要考查学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人(who)、物(what)、时间(when)、地点(where)、原因(cause)、结果(effect)、文中的数据(data)等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考查这些细节。常见问题形式有：Which of the

2、 following is true/false except? Which of the following is mentioned except三正一误三误一正.第5页，共130页。1.According to the passage, who/ what/ which/ when/ Where / why / how/ how many/how much/ how long/ How soon/ how often, etc. ?2. According to the passage, which of the following is true/ not true?3. Accord

3、ing to the passage, Which of the following is not mentioned ?4. All of the following are true EXCEPT _.5. In the passage the writer states that _.6. Choose the best order in which the people do_.第6页，共130页。2. 定义；3. 比较；. 年代与数字5. 原因和结果此类试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。 Sample IHoover Dam lies _. A.

4、between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and B.第7页，共130页。This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It ispossible to drive a car from one side of theriver to the other on a road， which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an e

5、levator inside. This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of a president of the United States. Hoover Dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of Arizona andNevada.第8页，共130页。2. 定义；3. 比较；. 年代与数字5. 原因和结果此类

6、试题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到,但不可能与阅读材料一模一样。 Hoover Dam lies _. A. between Arizona and Nevada B. in the Black Canyon C. between New York and San Francisco D. both A and BSample I.第9页，共130页。Sample IIWhich of the following is NOT true?A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her pa

7、rents.C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.第10页，共130页。Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，Born in Shanghai and taken to Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an

8、 air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.第11页，共130页。Samp

9、le IIWhich of the following is NOT true?A. Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai.B. Luo Lin moved to Hong Kong with her parents.C. Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991.D. Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia.moved.第12页，共130页。Miss Luo Lin, Miss Asia of 1991，Born in Shanghai and taken to

10、 Hong Kong when she was only six years old， Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia. Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess. Before she took part in the competition, she had been an airhostess in Cat hay Airline for seven years. However，it still took her three months to learn the art of w

11、alking on the stage, dancing, singing, making-up and other proper manners, designed by the Asia TV Station.taken.第13页，共130页。According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散发) in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaC

12、continuous global warmingDrising sea levelsSample II.第14页，共130页。 reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusaually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years . Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and m

13、ore damaging storms.connectto.第15页，共130页。According to scientists ,the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is . Agreenhouse gas emissions (散发) in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levelsSample II.第16页，共130页。Laupepa was not sat

14、isfied with the United States because it did not .A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were realSample III.第17页，共130页。Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusin

15、g to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreementcalling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions ,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US haseffectively taken away the freedom of futuregenerations of Tuvaluan to live th

16、ere,” Laupepa told the BBC.第18页，共130页。Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .A. agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions Bsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the US D. believe the problems facing Tuvalu were realSample III(故意用与原文中一模一样的词来迷惑考生)?.第

17、19页，共130页。Jack Londons last days were _. A. usual ones B. not poor ones C. rich ones D. unhappy onesSample IV.第20页，共130页。Jack London was a famous American writer. He burned himself out when he was 40. He thought of his mother, Flora, who had never been a very responsible person. He was sure she was

18、mentally ill and that he was becoming like her. At last he became too tired to care. He would not work and continued to spend money he did not have. He would not change his life, or his writing, perhaps he could not.第21页，共130页。Jack Londons last days were _. A. usual ones B. not poor ones C. rich one

19、s D. unhappy onesSample IV.第22页，共130页。You have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000Sample V.第23页，共130页。Tuition Fees (学费)Tuition fees are different from department to department, generally from $5,000 to $6,000 a year. For furthe

20、r information: tui waikatoacnz. Accommodation (住宿)You can have a room in a 4-bedroom flat, which will cost about $100 a month with other regular living costs of about $150 a month for one person. For further information: acc waikatoacnz.第24页，共130页。$5000(学费)+$100(住宿费)x12(months)+$150(生活费)x12=$8000You

21、 have to pay at least _ a year if you study at the University of Waikato. A. $5,250 B. $8,000 C. $9,000 D. $11,000Sample V.第25页，共130页。Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts? a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list. c. Find the things you wan

22、t. d. Go to a self-checkout stand. A. abdc B. bacd C. acbd D. bcadSample V.第26页，共130页。People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system (系统) that will organize the trip around the store. If youre looking for

23、toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.第27页，共130页。Which of the following is the correct order of shopping with the computerized shopping carts? a. Start the system. b. Make a shopping list. c. Fin

24、d the things you want. d. Go to a self-checkout stand. A. abdc B. bacd C. acbd D. bcadSample V.第28页，共130页。猜测词义.第29页，共130页。Question Form(1) The word “” in Line means/can be best replaced by (2) As used in the passage, the phrase “” suggests(3) From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “” is

25、/refers to (4) The word “” is closest in meaning to .第30页，共130页。根据解释确定词义技巧 11. Social mobility is the movement from one class or level of living to another.2. The other questioned the veracity- the truthfulness of these reports.社会流动性真实性.第31页，共130页。3. He is a resolute man, once he sets up a goal, he

26、will not give it up easily.4. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.坚决的变戏法者.第32页，共130页。根据对比确定词义技巧 2In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmo

27、il. 一片混乱 .第33页，共130页。根据逻辑确定词义技巧 3If you are capable of working twelve hours a day without a rest, and if you can engage in physical exercise for hours without seeming to get tired, then you are indefatigable.不知疲倦的.第34页，共130页。根据上下文情景确定词义技巧 4The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph m

28、eans_. A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out.第35页，共130页。Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year: equal to the total amount of

29、CO2 giving off in the UK each year.第36页，共130页。根据上下文情景确定词义技巧 4The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means_. A cleaning up B taking in C wiping out D giving out.第37页，共130页。1. The offspring of a pair of birds leave the nest when they are big enough to fly Achildren Bancestors Cgene

30、rations Dmates2. There is a stack of papers on Mr. Greens desk Apiece Bbalance Cmixture DpileTry to do the following exercises:根据上下文推测各题中划线词的词义.第38页，共130页。3. Before you buy something，check the quality firstFor example, if it is cheap, it might not be good Ahow good it is Bwhat the color is Cwhat the

31、 size is Dhow big it is4. Please give me your recipe for this cake， so I can make it too Aa dish Bdirections for cooking Ca meal Ddirections to your house.第39页，共130页。5. Before a baby learns to walk, it has to crawl on the floor Awalk on two feet Bfly Csit in a chair Dmove on the hands and knees6. Mr

32、. Brown is an amateur photographerHe is an engineerBut in his free time he likes to take pictures A. as a hobby Bfor money Cas a job Das work.第40页，共130页。7. This small Christmas tree is made of plasticIt is not a real treeIt is artificial A. beautiful B. not natural C. for a special holiday Din an ar

33、t museum 8. whales and elephants are gigantic animalsNo other animals can compare with them in size A. small Bland Csea Dhuge.第41页，共130页。9. The kiwi lays the largest eggs in the world. The strange thing about the kiwi is that it cannot fly A a kind of fish Ba kind of cat C. a kind of rock Da kind of

34、 bird10. Some Africans carve beautiful human and animal figures out of woodThey sell their carvings to stores and museums Adraw Bbeat Cheat Dcut.第42页，共130页。11. Chicken pox can be very serious for a child who is not in good healthThe child develops red spots，and feels hot and uncomfortableA healthy c

35、hild gets well quickly Aa kind of animal Ba kind of food Ca kind of childhood disease Da lack of pure water.第43页，共130页。12. Ali showed the class a picture of him, his wife，and their babyPierres family has lived in the east of Canada for two hundred yearsTheir ancestors came from France A. family memb

36、ers from a long time ago B. grandparents and their grandchildren C. parents, grandparents and great- grandparents Dfamily members all living at the same time.第44页，共130页。推理判断.第45页，共130页。1. 不选择照抄原文的选项，要选择要有 同义词解释的选项。2. 不选事实细节选项3. 不选非事实选项4. 选概括性/哲理性的选项技巧.第46页，共130页。常见问题形式:1. It can be inferred/conclude

37、d from the passage that _2.The passage suggests/implies that _3.By the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author means _4. We can conclude that_.5. When the writer talks about., what he really means is that_.6. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?.第47页，共130页。1. The write

38、r talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in love with him2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mo

39、ther C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much .第48页，共130页。When the young waitress near my house started saying hello to me every day, I was very happy. She was at least fifteen years younger than I. One day she signed me to come near. When I walked over, she asked,” Are you s

40、ingle? “Why, yes. I answered, smiling at her happily.“So is my mother. she said, “Would you like to meet her? .第49页，共130页。1. The writer talked about the waitress age because he thought_. A. she was young B. it a pleasure to make friends with her C. she was beautiful D. it strange for her to fall in

41、love with him2. The waitress said hello to the writer every day because_. A. she lived near his house B. he often went to visit her mother C. she wanted to be friendly with him D. she loved him very much .第50页，共130页。1.Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft. C. T

42、o make it cool. D. To make it brittle.2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on _. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operationSample 2.第51页，共130页。3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less bri

43、ttle?A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly. .第52页，共130页。Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. If metal is

44、heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping (浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as it is wished, by annealing.第53页

45、，共130页。it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass. .第54页，共130页。1.Why do people put hot metal in water? A. To make it hard. B. To

46、 make it soft. C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle.2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on _. A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operationSample 2.第55页，共130页。3. As suggested by the text, how can gla

47、ss be made less brittle?A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly. B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly. D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly. .第56页，共130页。观点和态度.第57页，共130页。理解作者的观点和态度题： 既考查学生对字面意思的理解，也考查学生对作者写作目的、态度、观点等的理解。正确理解作者的写作意图，所持的观点及阐述

48、文章主题时语气或他对所论述的对象的态度。假如你是作者，你为什么要写本文？.第58页，共130页。此类考题的主要形式：1.The writers purpose in writing this story is _ .2. The text discusses men and women 50,000 years from now in order to show that _ .第59页，共130页。辨认三种作者使用的表达情感、态度及观点的词汇，以及承接上下文的连接词。注意：贬义：disgust, critical, negative, tolerant, disappointment褒义:

49、positive, wonder, support, useful, interesting, enthusiasm, admiring中立: indifferent, impassive, uninterested, ambivalent, neutral, apathetic, disinterested, .第60页，共130页。The author appears _modern advertising. A. to like B. to be indifferent to C. to dislike D. to know how to deal withe.g.第61页，共130页。

50、One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, the voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored

51、 lights all night. (根据文章作者用词来判断).第62页，共130页。The author appears _modern advertising. A. to like B. to be indifferent to C. to dislike D. to know how to deal withe.g.第63页，共130页。The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that_. A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions

52、have improved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D. an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents.第64页，共130页。Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads, the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, e

53、xist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill. .第65页，共130页。The writer uses the example of “ocelots” to show that_. A. wild animals have become more dangerous B. the driving conditions have improved greatly C. the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work D. an increasing number of animals ar

54、e killed in road accidents.第66页，共130页。篇章结构.第67页，共130页。说明文的基本结构Descriptive writingDefinition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)ConclusionExamplesComparisonClassification.第68页，共130页。2. 议论文的基本结构ArgumentationTopicArgumentsconclusionOpinionSupporting sentencesfactsexamplestheory论点论据结论.第69页，共130页。3.记叙文

55、的基本结构Narrative writingsStorypresentationEndingTime cluesInverted time cluessurprisinghumorous.第70页，共130页。对文章基本结构理解的考查方式:1. 问结构）How is the text organized? A. TopicArgumentExplanationB. OpinionDiscussionDescriptionC. Main ideacomparison supporting examplesD. Introductionsupporting examples -conclusion

56、.第71页，共130页。2)The first paragraph is used as/to3)The first paragraph mentioned Peter Jennings death in order to _ .2.问指代1)The word “everything” in paragraph 2 means_2)What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 refer to?.第72页，共130页。3.问文章出处/前文后续1). The passage is most likely to be taken from_2. The

57、passage is most likely a part of_3)The passage is most likely to be taken from the article entitled_4)What may be talked about before the first paragraph? /after the last paragraph?5)The paragraph following the passage will probably discuss_.第73页，共130页。主旨大意 考查考生技巧加工与浓缩信息的能力.第74页，共130页。如何做主旨大意题 做此类题目

58、时，首先要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。.第75页，共130页。一、题型特点这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。.第

59、76页，共130页。1. 标题类常见的题型: 1.The best title/ headline for this passage might be_.2.The text (passage) could be entitled .3.What is the best title for the passage? 4.Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage? 二：题 干 表 现 形 式.第77页，共130页。1. This passage chiefly deals with_.2. Whats

60、the topic of the article?3. What is the subject discussed in the text?4. With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?2：大意类常见题型.第78页，共130页。The authors main purpose in writing the passage is_.The passage is meant to _ The purpose of this article is _3：目的主旨大意常见题型.第79页，共130页。三：主题句呈现的形式 A. 文首提出主题, 随