高中英语过去分词用法详解PPT课件(PPT 68页)

1、1.作状语2.作定语4.作表语3.作宾补过去分词Grammar第1页，共68页。过去分词 过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。第2页，共68页。过去分词与现在分词作状语过去分词表完成、被动, 与主句主语之间是被动关系; 现在分词表进行、主动, 与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前, 则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。一、过去分词作状语第3页，共68页。过去分词表完成、被动, 作状语时, 其逻辑主语是主句的主语, 且与主语之间存在着被动关系。过去分词作状语可表时间、原因、 让步、 结果、 方式、 条件等。第4页

2、，共68页。观察下列的句子:Once published, his works (=Once his works was published, ) became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line. PP作时间状语, 相当于一个时间状语从句有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。第5页，共68页。过去分词作时间状语1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water. When heated, ice will be changed into wat

3、er.第6页，共68页。2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape. 第7页，共68页。过去分词作原因状语1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. Given

4、advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.第8页，共68页。2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.第9页，共68页。过去分词作条件或者假设状语1. If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.

5、Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.第10页，共68页。2. If I am compared with you, we still have a long way to go. Compared with you, we still have a long way to go.第11页，共68页。作方式或伴随情况状语1. The hunter left his house, followed by his dog. The hunter left his house, and he was followed b

6、y his dog.第12页，共68页。2. She sat by the window, lost in thought. She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought. lost 表示一种迷失心理状态第13页，共68页。1) 过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语和让步状语等。2) 过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。Summary第14页，共68页。过去分词作状语:过去分词有两大特点：1. 表示被动的动作；2. 表示已经完成的动作, 因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系被

7、动, 例如:第15页，共68页。Rewrite with proper conjunctions1. United we stand, divided we fail. If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided, we will fail.Example: 第16页，共68页。2. Asked what had happened, he told us about it. When he was asked what had happened, he told us about it.3. Well known for his

8、 expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.Because he was well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.第17页，共68页。4. Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better. If we were given more time, we would be able to do the work much bet

9、ter. 5. Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. Once it was translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.第18页，共68页。6. Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor. Because she was deeply interested in medic

10、ine, she decided to become a doctor.7. Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all. Although he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all.第19页，共68页。用过去分词作状语来改写句子。1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. _ , I was unsettled for the first few da

11、ys.Worried about the journey第20页，共68页。2. If he is given time, hell make a first-class tennis player. _, hell make a first-class tennis player.3) As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. _, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.Given timeConfused by the new surround

12、ings第21页，共68页。4) When he was questioned by the police about the fire, he became tense. _ _, he became tense. Questioned by the police about the fire第22页，共68页。Find out the sentences with same meaning.1. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Worried about the jour

13、ney, I was unsettled for the first few days.第23页，共68页。2. While I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. Confused by the new surrounding, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.3. As I was exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep. Exhausted, I slid into bed and f

14、ell fast asleep.第24页，共68页。1. Following the old man, we went upstairs.we followed (跟着那个老人, 我们上去了)2. Followed by the old man, we went upstairs. (we were) (被那个老人跟着, 我们上去了)Compare第25页，共68页。3. 从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。 _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen4. 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。 _ from t

15、he space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. SeenB A 第26页，共68页。Difference between the Present Participle and the Past Participle_for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧._ the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用. _ at her, he jumped with joy._at by her, he

16、 jumped with joy.UsedUsingLookingLooked第27页，共68页。注意: 选择现在分词还是过去分词, 关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出, 分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。第28页，共68页。Complete each sentence using the Past Participle of the right verb. 1) _ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dare to sleep in her room.2) The lady returned home, _ by two p

17、olicemen.frighten trap follow shootFrightenedfollowed第29页，共68页。3) If _ in a burning building, you should send for help.4) Although _in the leg, he continued firing at the police.trapped shot第30页，共68页。二、过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系, 且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语, 通常置于被修饰的词的前面, 而分词短语作定语, 则须置于被修饰词的后面。第3

18、1页，共68页。1. Last Sunday we went on an organized trip to the forest. 上星期我们组织了一次去森林的旅行。2. A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow. 今天发出的信后天就能收到。第32页，共68页。分词作定语可以转换成定语从句:He worked as a worker building roads. (主动) =He worked as a worker who/ that built roads. This is a picture painted

19、 by my father. (被动) =This is a picture which was painted by my father.第33页，共68页。I know the young man sleeping on the bench. (在进行) =I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow. (已完成)=The letter which was mailed last night will reach him tomor

20、row.第34页，共68页。THANK YOUSUCCESS2022/7/2135可编辑第35页，共68页。过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语, 前后常有逗号。Some of them, born and brought up in country villages, had never seen a train.他们当中有一些人, 生长在农村, 从未见过火车。 第36页，共68页。过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况:单个的过去分词作定语, 通常放在被修饰的名词之前, 表示被动和完成意义。1.前置定语第37页，共68页。 被动意义：an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人 (受伤的

21、工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.B. 完成意义a retired teacher 一位退休的教师They are cleaning _ (落叶) in the yard.The injured workersthe fallen leaves第38页，共68页。2. 后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时, 通常放在被修饰的名词之后, 它的作用相当于一个定语从句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.=Who were the so-called guests i

22、nvited (= ) to your part last night?that has ever been writtenwho had been invited第39页，共68页。如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。 如: Is there anything unsolved? There is noting changed here since I left this town. 注意: 第40页，共68页。三、过去分词作宾补1. 从时间上:

23、表动作已经完成 come, go, fall, change(表位移, 变化的 不及物动词) I found the countryside changed a lot. 2. 从语态上: 表被动 I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.第41页，共68页。过去分词作宾补1. 表“希望, 要求”的动词： want, wish, expect, wish, like, order + (to be) doneI want the work (to be) finished by Sunday.Jim ordered the room (to be) cleaned.

24、2. 表“感觉, 心理状态”的动词：see, hear, feel, watch, notice, find, think+ object + p.p.We saw the thief caught by the police.People found the water polluted.第42页，共68页。3. 使役动词: make, get, have, keep I want to get my hair cut tomorrow.= I want to get the barber to cut my hair.= I want to let the barber cut my ha

25、ir.4. 介词短语作宾补with, without + n. + p.p.Do you know the man with his hands tied back?They left without a dish touched.The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behinds his back . A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tiedD第43页，共68页。四、过去分词作表语1. 用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱, 主要表示 动作的完成和状态, 此时相当于一个形容词。2.

26、被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强, 句子主语 为动作的承受者, 后面常跟by短语。 The glass is broken. The glass was broken by Tom. The windows are closed. The windows are closed by Jack.第44页，共68页。3. 表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如: interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表语,表示状态, 其中有些仅表示状态, 毫

27、无被动意味。如:第45页，共68页。 She was very disappointed to hear the result. Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners. How did the audience receive the new play? They got very excited. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results.第46页，共68页。Cleaning women in big citie

28、s usually get _ by the hour.过去分词作表语C解析: 该题考查分词作表语的用法。“to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有: get burnt, get hurt , get woundedA. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay第47页，共68页。1) The rooms are _, so you cant move in. A. painted B. painting C. being painted D. to be painted2) As soon as he entered

29、 the city, he _. A. was losing B. got losing C. grew lost D. got lost 3) What he has done is really _. Now his parents are _ him. A. disappointing; disappointed at B. disappointing; disappointed about C. disappointing; disappointed with D. disappointed; disappointing by CDC第48页，共68页。1. The Olympic G

30、ames, _ in 776 B. C., didnt include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing考点点拨C 简析: 首先, 根据语法分析可知, 待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games的后置分词短语; 再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受, 且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。因此, 该题应选C。第49页，共68页。2. Whats the language _ in G

31、ermany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 简析: 测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句 which is spoken。B 第50页，共68页。3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 简析: 测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句who were invited。A 第51页，共68页。4. The comp

32、uter centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 简析: 测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后, 可以用非限制性定语从句“which was opened last year”代替。D 第52页，共68页。5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

33、 A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 简析: 测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动, 等于定语从句which were written。D 第53页，共68页。另外, 分词作状语时, 如果其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时, 需要独立主格结构或 with 复合结构来替代。(此时, 也可把该分词看成介词的宾语补足语)第54页，共68页。例: The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having

34、tied C. to be tied D. tied简析: 很显然, 待选部分的逻辑主语是 his hands, 而不是句子的主语 The murderer, 而 his hands 对于动词 tie来说,只能是被动承受。因此, 该题应选D。 D 第55页，共68页。6. When _ if she would request a rise, the actress said that money was not important. A. asked B. asking C. having asked D. being askedA 7. Yesterday I saw in the new

35、spaper a teaching post _ at a school close to my home and I wanted to apply for it. A. advertises B. advertising C. advertised D. to advertiseC 第56页，共68页。8. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given D9. Mr Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a

36、novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring A第57页，共68页。10. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 11. When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C

37、. being completed D. to be completedAA第58页，共68页。12. If _ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given 13. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding CC第59页，共68页。1. I like reading the novels _ (write ) by Zhang Ailing.2. The girl _ (write) a letter in the study is my cousin.3. There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _ (repair).writtenwritingrepairedFilling in the blanks.第60页，共68页。4. I want the doors of my new house _ (paint) white.