meimei-时态语态复习专题

1、PAGE PAGE 5动词的时态：课标考点1.掌握动词的第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词的构成。2.掌握动词的8种时态的基本结构及区别。3.了解过去将来时、过去完成时的基本用法。考点一：动词的时态：初中阶段应掌握的时态有八种，即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时。一般现在时肯定句疑问句否定句I work.Do I work ?I do not work ,He(She, It) works .Does he (she, it ) work ?He(She, It) does not work . We(You, They

2、) work . Do we (you , they ) work ?We(You, They ) do not work .（1）结构：（以work为例）(2)用法： 表示事实、现状、性质或经常性或习惯性的动作，通常与often, usually ,always,sometimes, today ,every day/, once(twice, three times) a week , every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用.She usually goes to school at 7:00. / We often visit that old tea

3、cher on Sundays.表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun./ Shanghai lies in the east of China. 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。 / No man but errs. 人非圣贤。表示现在时间里所发生的一个动作。如：Here comes the bus . 在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时。如：Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow . 注：在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人

4、称单数时，谓语动词也要用第三人称单数数形式，即在动词原形后加-s或-es。第三人称单数归纳：（1）人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如： He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。 （2）单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如： Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often makes cakes.王叔叔

5、经常做蛋糕。（3）单数可数名词或this / that / the+单数可数名词作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 The cat is Lucys. 这只猫是露茜的。（4）不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： Everyone is here.大家到齐了 There is someth

6、ing wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。（5）不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如： The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 （6）当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如： 6 is a lucky number. 6是个吉利数字。 I is a letter. I是个字母。（3）单数第三人称形式变化规律如下： = 1 * GB3 多数动词直接在动词后+s 如: pla

7、y- plays like-likes ask-asks = 2 * GB3 以字母s, x, sh, ch, o 结尾的动词,在词尾加-es如: watchwatches wish- wishes do- does go- goes pass-passes = 3 * GB3 以辅音字母+y 结尾的词变y 为i再加-estry-tries study-studies fly- flies carry-carries = 4 * GB3 不规则变化: be- is /are have- has读音规则:在t , p ,k等清辅音后读/s/; 在s, z等后读/IZ/ ; 在浊辅音及元音后读/z

8、/.2、现在进行时(1) 结构：am/ is / are +动词-ing形式(2) 用法：表示现在正在进行或发生的动作（不指状态），常与时间状语有Now, right now, at this time, at the moment, at 5:00等，并常出现在祈使句中，与look! Listen!连用。如：Are you watching TV now? / Listen ! She is singing in the next room . 表示目前阶段正在进行，而此刻不一定在进行的动作。如：We are planting trees these days . = 3 * GB3 表示位

9、置移动的动词的进行时表示动作将要发生。Come , go , leave , arrive ,fly 等，并常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如：They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon .(3) 现在分词的变化规律：一般情况下,直接加ing. looklooking cook - cooking以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e再加ing like liking hatehating元音+辅音结尾的，且是重读闭音节的动词,要双写这个辅音字母,再加ing . runrunning put putting sit- sitting swim swimmi

10、ng beginbeginning stopstopping特殊：diedying ; lie -lying ; tietying 3、一般将来时(1)结构：shall / will动词原形(2) 用法：表示将要发生的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：later (on) , soon, tomorrow, next Monday / Sunday, tomorrow, the coming Sunday, in+一段时间: in a few days, in five years, in the future 等. 如：I shall be eighteen years old next yea

11、r . 表示某种必然的趋势。如：Fish wont live without water . (3)注意：在以第一人称为主语的问句中，常用shall 表示提议和询问情况，在以第二人称作主语的句中，用will 表示请求。如：Where shall we have lunch ? 当主语是第一人称时，用will 表示意愿、决心、允诺、命令等。如：I will give Xiaoming a good gift for his birthday . 在时间或条件状语从句中，一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如：I will write to Jim when she arrives there . “

12、be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时。a. 表示主观意愿、打算等。如：Hes going to learn English next term . b. 根据已有迹象，可能要发生的情况。如: Look at the black clouds ! It is going to rain . 提示 非延续性动词的进行时常表达将来之意，如：come , go , leave , start , finish 等。如：Shes leaving for England next month . 4、一般过去时表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。句中的动词要

13、变为过去式（1）句型结构： be动词型如：I was a student last year . Were you at home this morning ? Yes, I was . / No, I wasnt 行为动词型：Tom went to Shanghai last year . / John didnt live here last year . Did you see him just now ?(2) 用法： 主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 His friend was at work yesterday . 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与often , a

14、lways 等表示频度的时间状语连用。 He often went to work by bus last year . 和when 等引导的时间状语连用。When he got home, he had a rest . 常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：ago , yesterday , last week , in the old days , when I was five years old ,I 1995等。We began our work three hours ago . (3) 动词过去式的变化规则：一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed。 looklooked playplay

15、ed startstarted visitvisited 以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。 liveliveduseused 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词先将y改为i,再加ed。 studystudied,trytriedflyflied 以重读闭音节（即辅音元音辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加ed 如：stopstoppedplanplanned,preferpreferred 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, arewere,go-went,come-came,taketook ,have(has)-had等5、现

16、在完成时：（1）构成：助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词 （过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。有些特殊变化需单独记忆。）(2) 用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果。有时与just , already , yet , recently , before , twice ,three times 等时间状语连用。如：I have seen the film already . 金我已经看过那部电影了。(现在我知道电影的内容了。)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since + 时间点”，“for + 时间段”及

17、how long, (ever) since , ever , before , so far , in the last / past few years ,up to now , till now 等时间状语连用。如：Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years . / So far there has been no bad news . (3) 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等；而现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。因此，若

18、影响并不存在时就不能用现在完成时了。如:I saw the movie yesterday.（强调电影是昨天看的）I have already seen the film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been in(4)延续性动词在现在完成里中，如果有持续的时间，要把非延续性动词变为延续性动.如：I have had the book for two days . 这本书我已经买了两天了。（用had，而不用bought ）I have been in Beijing for tow two

19、weeks . 我已经来北京两周了。（用been in ,而不用come to ）常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表have arrived at / in sp , got to / reached sp, come / gone /moved to sp have been in sp have come / gone back , returned have been back have come / gone out have been out have become have been have closed / opened have been closed / open have got

20、 up have been up have died have been dead have left sp have been away sp have fallen asleep / gone to sleep have been asleep have finished / ended / completed havemarried have been married have started / begun to do sth have done sthhave begun have been on have borrowed / bought have had have lost h

21、avent had have put on have own have caught / got a cold have had a cold have got to know have known have gone to have been in have joined / taken part in the league / the Party /the army have been a member of / have been in the league / the Party / the army ,have been the Partys member / the league

22、member / the soldier 6、过去进行时（1）结构：was / were +doing （2）用法：过去进行时主要表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。如：His father fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself .（3）常用的时间状语：this morning , the whole morning , all day yesterday , from nine to ten , last evening , when , while .（4）when 和while 的区别是： 引导时间状语从句时，while

23、 连接的是时间段，而when连接的多是时间点。如：What was your father doing your mother was cooking ? while 可以连接两个并列的句子，而when不可以。如：I was trying my best to finish my work while my sister was watching TV . when是特殊疑问词，对时间进行提问，while不是。如： When were you born ?7、过去完成时（1）结构：had + 动词的过去分词（2）用法： 表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态，也就是“过去的过去”。常

24、以by , before 短语或when , before, after , until等引导的从句为前提。如：My teacher said she had never been to London . / When the police arrived , the thieves .表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去的时刻的动作或状态。跟现在完成时一样，也常与how long , for three days , before 等表示一段时间的状语连用。如：When Jack arrived ,he learned Mary for almost an hour .8、过去将来时（1

25、）结构：would +动词原形或was / were + going to +动词原形（2）用法：表示从过去的某一时刻看，将要发生的动作。如：His uncle said that a good harvest the nest year. 他叔叔说明年会有个好收成。【提醒】在由if引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句中用过去将来时态，if从句中需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如：Amy said that she would go shopping if it didnt rain the next day . 艾米说如果明天不下雨，也就去购物。动词的被动语态：英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态

26、。被动语态的构成：主语+be + 动词的过去分词一般现在时：主语+am / is / are + 动词的过去分词一般过去时：主语+was /were + 动词的过去分词一般将来时：主语+will / shall / be going to + be + 动词的过去分词 如：A bridge will be built over the river .现在进行时：主语+am / is / are + being + 动词的过去分词如：A bridge is being built over the river . 现在完成时：主语+have / has + been + 动词的过去分词过去进行时：主语+was /were + being +动词的过去分词过去完成时：主语+had +