外语教学法自考题-8

1、外语教学法自考题-8(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、.Multipe Choice(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.It was _ who had accomplished the functional linguistics and made the London School of Linguistics one of the most competitive linguistic theories in the world.A. .Halliday B. Bronislaw MalinowskiC. J.R.Firth D. Sigmund Freud（分数：1.00

2、）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 马利诺夫斯基是功能语言学派的先驱，他提出“语境(context of situation)”这一概念，弗尔斯使它成了伦敦学派的一个关键概念。尽管弗尔斯试图将语言成分与马利诺夫斯基的社会语言学见解结合起来并据此建立一个语言描写的理论模式，但他没能将其理论详解。语言学家韩礼德完成了弗尔斯的未竞事业，使伦敦语言学派成了世界上最具竞争力的语言理论之一。2.Leonard Bloomfield, a linguist in America, is regarded as the father of _.A. American structuralism B. natural

3、ismC. functionalism D. audiolingualism（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 美国语言学家布鲁姆菲尔德(Bloomfield)被认为是美国结构主义语言学之父。3.The years between 1940 and 1970 is known as _ period.A. the Reform MovementB. Modem Language Teaching and ResearchC. Communicative Language TeachingD. Structural Language Teaching（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解

4、析：解析 外语教学简史可以大致划分为四个阶段：第一阶段为18821906年的外语教学改革运动阶段(The Reform Movement)；第二阶段为19061940年的现代语言教学与研究阶段(Modern language teaching and research)；第三阶段为19401970年的结构主义语言教学阶段(Structural language teaching)；第四阶段为自1970开始的交际语言教学阶段(Communicative language teaching)。4.An ultimate purpose of learning a foreign language

5、in a Grammar-Translation classroom is to enable the learners to _.A. think and communicate in the target languageB. get a practical command of the four basic skills of the languageC. get the same types of abilities that native speakers haveD. read and translate its literature（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语

6、法翻译法课堂教学的最终目的是让学生能够阅读和翻译所学的文学作品，另一个目的是为学生提供很好的智力训练。选项A是直接法的教学目标，即培养学生用外语进行交际的能力，使学生能够用外语思维。选项B是口语法的教学目的，即帮助学生切实掌握四种基本语言技能，说的能力被视为基础。选项C是听说法的最终目的，即培养学生的语言能力，使他们像本族语者一样。能够自如地运用目标语。5.In a Direct Method classroom, grammar is learned inductively through _ activities.A. listening and speaking B. translati

7、ng and readingC. writing and reading D. listening and reading（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 直接法认为学生通过听和说的练习用归纳法学习语法规则。6.The following are basic principles of the Oral Approach EXCEPT _.A. selection principle B. gradation principleC. four skills principle D. presentation principle（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 口语法遵循

8、的原则有选择(Selection)原则、分级(Gradation)原则和语言项目导入(Presentation)原则。7.Audiolingual methodologists use dialogues as the main form of language presentation and _ as the main training techniques.A. sentence patterns B. drillsC. sentence analysis D. language points（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 听说法把对话作为介绍语言的主要形式，把句型操练(d

9、rills)作为主要的训练方法。8.The Natural Approach was proposed in 1977 by _, a teacher of Spanish at the University of California.A. Krashen B. D.A.WilkinsC. Tracy Terrell D. Hymes（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 1977年加利福尼亚大学的一名西班牙语教师特雷西-特雷尔提出了自然法。1983年他与克拉申合著了自然法：课堂中的语言习得一书，从此自然法受到人们更加广泛的好评。9.The Communicative Approach

10、 has a theory of language rooted in _.A. functional linguisticsB. transformational generative linguisticsC. structural linguisticsD. cognitive linguistics（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 交际法的语言理论基础是功能语言学。B转换生成语言学是认知法的语言理论基础。10.The Peoples Education Press joined hands with the Longman Group Ltd. in late 1980s

11、and early 1990s and compiled a textbook series for Chinese _ teaching.A. college B. secondaryC. elementary D. graduate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 根据中国学生的情况，20世纪80年代末90年代初人民教育出版社与朗文出版公司联手编写了一套中学英语课本初中英语与高中英语。11.By _, they mean that individuals of one culture have to go through the process of modification

12、in attitudes, knowledge and behavior in order to function well in another culture.A. Cognitive theory B. SuggestopaediaC. Acculturation theory D. LAD（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 文化认同说产生于20世纪70年代末，是由美国的舒曼(Schumann)和安德森(Anderson)提出的，指的是一种文化的成员要想在另一种文化之中行动自如，他们就得改变自己的态度、知识结构和行为举止。12.A major feature of cognit

13、ive-code learning is the emphasis on explanations of _.A. grammatical functioning B. conscious selection of wordsC. deductive order of learning D. language instruction（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 认知一符号学习理论的主要特征之一就是强调对语法功能的讲解。13.In _ English became a formal requirement for the college entrance examination

14、in China and began to appear in the curriculum for the 4th and 5th year of primary schools.A. 1952 B. 1962C. 1972 D. 1982（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 到1962年，英语成了进大学高考的必考课程，英语也开始出现在小学四、五年级的课程表上。14.In Hymess view, _ refers to the ability not only to apply the grammatical rules of a language but also to know

15、 when and where to use these and to whom.A. linguistic competence B. communicative competenceC. spontaneous capacity D. language acquisition device (LAD)（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 交际能力(Communicative Competence)不仅是指语言能力，而且也包括知道在何时何地使用这些句子，以及用于何种对象的能力。选项A是乔姆斯基的语言能力，与其语言行为相对应；选项C自发能力由帕尔默提出，他认为，人们自然的、无意识的习得

16、语言的自发能力与学生通过训练或“学习”得到的能力之间有着本质的区别；选项D语言习得机制是乔姆斯基提出的。15.Which of the following statements is true in the Grammar-Translation Method?A. The first language was maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of the second language.B. The second language was maintained as the reference system in t

17、he acquisition of the first language.C. Latin was maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of the second language.D. Latin was maintained as the reference system in the acquisition of the first language.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语法翻译法将第一语言看作是习得目标语过程中的参照系统。16.Most schools of the Communicati

18、ve Approach share the view that language is used for communication, and they are primarily concerned with the _ rather than the structure.A. communication B. meaningC. interaction D. participants（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 大部分主张交际法(the Communicative Approach)的人士都认为，语言是用来交际的，因而更要重视意义(meaning)，而不是结构(struct

19、ure)。17.A variety of games, role-plays, simulations, etc. are _ communicative activities prepared to support the Communicative Language Teaching.A. text-based B. task-basedC. game-based D. situation-based（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 交际法当前使用的教材主要有三种，它们分别是篇章型、任务型和实物型。任务型教材为了配合交际法教学，设计了各种各样的游戏、角色表演、模仿和任务型的交际

20、活动。18.The book which is written by Krashen and Terrell is _.A. LanguageB. The Pronunciation of EnglishC. The Natural Approach: Language Acquisition in the ClassroomD. Syntactic Structures（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 自然法是克拉申(Krashen)和特雷尔(Terrell)提出的一种教学法，1983年他们共同努力，合著出版了自然法：课堂中的语言习得一书，阐述了自然法的原则和实践。19.The

21、formula i+1 put forward by Krashen means input that contains structures _ the learners present level.A. greatly above B. greatly belowC. somewhat above D. somewhat below（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 语言输入论认为，在目标语的习得过程申，为了获得下一阶段的进步，习得者需要懂得目标语在下一阶段中新结构的语言输入，克拉申用公式i+1表示，意思是语言输入中的结构内容要稍微高出学生当时的水平。20.In the Natu

22、ral Approach, the lexicon for both comprehension and production is considered _ in the construction and interpretation of messages.A. critical B. trivialC. unimportant D. inappropriate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.解析：解析 意义在自然法中起着首要的作用。在信息的解释和翻译中，词汇在语言的理解和表达上起着关键作用。二、.Filling Blanks(总题数：20，分数：20.00)21.The languag

23、e acquisition device (LAD) is made up of a set of principles called 1 grammar.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：universal）解析：解析 乔姆斯基认为，儿童的大脑里生来就有一个语言习得机制(LAD)。这一机制由一套通用语法规则组成，被称为通用语法(universal grammar)。22.The 1 Method at one time was called Classical Method since it was first used in the teaching of the classica

24、l languages of Latin and Greek.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：Grammar-Translation）解析：解析 语法翻译法是指以翻译和语法(translation and grammar)学习为主要教学活动的外语或第二语言教学法，由于这种教学法首先被用来进行拉丁语和希腊语等古典语言的教学，它曾一度被称为古典法(Classical Method)。23.Reinforcement which decreases the likelihood of a response is known as 1 reinforcement.（分数：1.00）填空项1:

25、_（正确答案：negative）解析：解析 强化(reinforcement)是学习过程中的一个关键因素，因为它增强了某种行为反复发生的可能性，最后形成习惯。增加反应可能性的是积极强化(positive reinforcement)，减少反应可能性的是消极强化(negative reinforcement)。24.Brunner, the famous American psychologist, holds that learners should organize knowledge for themselves by using discovery method rather than

26、having materials 1 by the teacher.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：pre-packaged）解析：解析 美国著名心理学家布鲁纳(Brunner)在1966年强调通过从周围环境所得到的体验来主动地重建知识体系。在他看来，学习者应当自己组织知识，例如运用发现法(discovery method)，而不是学习教师预先准备好的材料(pre-packaged materials)。25.The Total Physical Response method is a language teaching method which attempts to teach

27、 language through 1 activities.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：physical）解析：解析 全身反应法(Total Physical Response Method)是试图通过身体动作来教语言的教学法，其倡导者是阿舍(Asher)。26.The Grammar-Translation Method believes that grammar is the 1 of language, and language materials are arranged according to the grammar system.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正

28、确答案：core）解析：解析 语法翻译法强调讲授第二语言语法，语法被看作语言的核心，因此，是外语课堂教学的主要内容，学习语法的过程是训练智能的重要手段，教材内容是根据语法体系来安排的。27.The Oral Approach is the first to establish 1 principles for teaching English as a foreign language.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：theoretical）解析：解析 在英语语言教学历史上，口语教学法/情景教学法首先尝试建立理论原则(theoretical principles)以发展把英语作为外语

29、的教学法框架。这些尝试标志着应用语言学的诞生。28.Only in the late 18th century did the 1 of grammar rules with translation into target language become popular as the principal practice technique.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：combination）解析：解析 18世纪，欧洲各国的学校开始开设现代语言课程，其使用的基本教学方法与教授拉丁语的方法相同。到18世纪末期，依据语法规则对目标语进行翻译才成为教学实践中最主要的方法。29.The

30、1 Approach is an approach developed by British applied linguists from the 1930s to 1960s.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：Oral）解析：解析 语法翻译法始于18世纪末到19世纪初；直接法贯穿19世纪末到20世纪初；口语法兴盛于20世纪30年代到60年代；听说法产生于20世纪50年代；认知法产生于20世纪60年代：自然法在20世纪70年代被提出；70年代后期交际法产生。其中口语法源于英国。30.The 1 Approach emphasizes on actual language use; su

31、ccessful, realistic communication; use of techniques to make classroom simulate real language environment.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：Communicative）解析：解析 交际法的主要特点是重视语言实际使用，在课堂上努力创造真实交流场景。31.The learning theory of the Audiolingual Method is 1 in psychology.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：behaviourism）解析：解析 听说法的语言理论基础是

32、结构主义语言学，其学习理论是行为主义心理学。32.According to the Communicative Approach, the structure of language reflects its 1 and communicative use.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：functional）解析：解析 交际法认为，语言的结构反映了交际的功能及目的。33.Krashen believes that human beings acquire language in only one wayby receiving 1 input.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答

33、案：comprehensible）解析：解析 克拉申的语言输入假设(input hypothesis)认为人们习得语言的唯一途径是理解信息，即接受“可理解的输入”(Comprehensible input)。34.The Oral Approach is a 1 method in the language teaching.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：grammar-based）解析：解析 口语教学法/情景教学法首先尝试建立理论原则以发展把英语作为外语的教学法框架，标志着应用语言学的诞生。在实践方面弥补了直接教学法的一些不足，然而此法不怎么关心语言的得体性，也不怎么关心真实话语

34、中规则的使用，其主要目的在于用情景来说明每一课中孤立的语法点，因此，它基本上是以语法为纲(grammar-based)的方法。35.According to the discourse theory, only through 1 discourses can the learner acquire the second language.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：communication）解析：解析 话语交际说(the discourse theory)是由韩礼德的第一语言习得理论发展而来的，由哈奇于20世纪70年代后期提出。哈奇认为，学生只有通过话语交际才能习得第二语言。

35、36.The target language is used 1 in the Direct Method classroom as a means of instruction and communication.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：only）解析：解析 直接法要求在课堂教学中只用目标语进行教学，完全避免使用母语和翻译练习。37.In Communicative Approach, three kinds of materials are currently used. They are labeled text-based, task-based and 1.（分数：

36、1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：realia）解析：解析 交际法当前使用的教材主要有三种，他们分别是篇章型(text-based)、任务型(task-based)和实物型(realia)。38.According to Curran, there are six elements necessary for non-defensive learning. They are security, aggression, retention, reflection, 1 and discrimination.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：attention）解析：解析 按照柯伦(Cur

37、ran)的观点，无戒备(non-defensive)学习有6个必要因素：安全感、进取心、记忆、反思、注意力和区分。39.The Silent Way takes a 1 approach to the organization of language to be taught.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：structural）解析：解析 沉默法(The Silent Way)采用结构主义的途径来组织所学语言。40.Suggestopaedia believes that language learning can occur at a much faster rate than

38、it is often expected if learners can make better use of their 1 powers.（分数：1.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：mental）解析：解析 暗示法是洛扎诺夫提倡的，他认为，如果学习者能够充分使用自己的脑力，语言学习的速度可以比人们预期的快得多，因此，为了更好地利用脑力资源，学习者应当对自己认为存在的一些心理局限进行“反暗示”。三、.Matching(总题数：2，分数：10.00)41.Column Athe Grammar-Translation Methodthe Direct Methodthe Audiolingual

39、 Methodthe Cognitive Approachthe Communicative ApproachColumn Ba. The primary function of language is communication.b. All languages originated from one language and were ruled by a common grammar.c. Language is a system of structurally related elements for the expressions of meaning.d. Every langua

40、ge has its own structures and can not be forced into the constraining pattern of Latin grammar.e. A native speaker has in his brain a set of grammar rules which he can use to make sentences with.（分数：5.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：b d c e a）解析：解析 b：语法翻译法所依托的语言理论是由历史比较语言学派生的，语言学家认为，所有的语言都源于一种共同语言，受制于同一种语法。d：直接法所依据的

41、语言理论主要来自以下观点：(1)每一种语言都有自己独特的结构；(2)口头语言早于书面语言；(3)口头语言是可以学习的声音体系；(4)语言和思想有着密切的联系。c：听说法所依据的语言理论起源于结构主义语言学。和传统的语言研究方法不同，结构主义语言学把语言看作一种结构体系，体系中的各种相关成分组合起来表达意义，这些成分是音素、词素、单词、结构和句型。e：认知法的语言理论基础是乔姆斯基的转换生成语法，乔姆斯基认为，操本族语言者在他头脑里某个地方有一系列的语法规则，他可以利用这些规则生成句子。利用这些语法规则为基础，我们可以选择词汇来表达我们想要表达的意义。a：大部分主张交际法的人都认为，语言是用来交

42、际(communication)的，因而更重视意义(meaning)，而不是结构(structure)。他们认为，学习语言的最佳途径就是在社会环境(social context)的运用中去学习。42.Column Athe Oral Approachthe Audiolingual Approachthe Cognitive Approachthe Natural Approachthe Communicative ApproachColumn Ba. Rule learning, meaningful practice and creativity are the focus of clas

43、sroom teaching.b. Some of the skills are developing listening and note-taking skills, giving oral presentation, project work, role play and simulation.c. It employs situations for presenting new sentence patterns and drill-based manner of practising them.d. In class students are asked to first liste

44、n to a dialogue, then repeat and memorize it.e. When learners are ready to begin talking in the target language, the teacher provides comprehensible and simple response opportunities.（分数：5.00）填空项1:_（正确答案：c d a e b）解析：解析 c：口语教学法/情景教学法的教学技巧包括：(1)用情景(situations)来介绍新句型；(2)操作练习(drill-based practice)；(3)指

45、导下的复述和替代练习(guided repetition and substitution activities)；(4)听说、模仿和教师规定的以口语为基础的朗读和写作(dictation, imitation and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks)。d：对话(dialogues)和句型操练(pattern practice)是听说法课堂教学中最基本的形式。在课堂上，教师要求学生先听一段对话，然后复述和背诵。学生要模仿对话以掌握正确的语音、语调、重音和节奏。学生在操练并记住对话后，教师要向他们指出对话中具体的语法结构，然后针对这

46、些结构进行各种形式的句型练习。a：认知法的教学技巧包括规则学习(rule learning)、有意义的实践(meaningful practice)、创造性活动(creativity)。e：自然法课堂教学中，当学生已经作好准备用目标语开始讲话时，教师应给他们提供能理解性语言和回答问题的机会。b：交际法提倡听、说、读、写四种技能的综合运用，课堂教学中有很多方法可以达到这一目的，如利用视听材料培养学生边听边做笔记的技能(developing listening and note-taking skills using audio-video materials)、口头报告(oral present

47、ation)、角色表演/模拟(role-play/simulation)、课外研究项目(project work)。四、.Questions for Brief Answers(总题数：6，分数：30.00)43.Why is first language forbidden in a Direct Method classroom?（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(The direct methodologists consider foreign language learning as similar to first language acquisition. The learner s

48、hould try to establish a direct association between language forms and meanings in the target language. The first language is considered an interfering factor, rather than a reference. In order to develop the students ability to communicate in the target language, students should be encouraged to th

49、ink in the target language. The best method is not to make the learner learn the language rules, but to provide direct practice in listening and speaking through imitation and repetition.)解析：44.What are the main techniques used in a Grammar-Translation classroom?（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Translation is the ma

50、in technique used in a Grammar-Translation classroom. Generally speaking, literal translation should be followed by free translation; and sentence translation followed by passage translation.)解析：45.How does an Oral Approach teacher respond to students errors?（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Errors are to be avoided

51、at all costs. Accuracy in pronunciation and grammar is regarded as crucial. The teacher is ever on the lookout for grammatical and structural errors. She will indicate students error and correct it either by herself or get students to correct by themselves.)解析：46.What conditions are needed if you wa

52、nt to apply the Audiolingual Method in your teaching?（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(The general objective of the Audiolingual Method is to enable the students to use the target language communicatively. They should be able to respond quickly and accurately in speech situations. Therefore, teaching materials should

53、 be structurally-based, the chief means of presenting the language should be the use of dialogues. And it is better to have tape recorders and other audiovisual equipment which often have central roles in an audiolingual classroom. A language lab is considered essential in it. If these conditions ar

54、e met, we could possibly apply the Audiolingual Method in our teaching.)解析：47.Are structure drills valuable pedagogical activities? Why or why not?（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Yes, structure drills are valuable pedagogical activities in language learning. With large classes, drills are of particular use in that

55、they can maximize students participation. A one-word cue on the part of the teacher can elicit a complete utterance from the students and an enormous number of such utterances can be produced within the space of two minutes. With judicious mixing of choral and individual drill, each student can have

56、 the chance to respond productively about five times a minute in classes of twenty students or fewer. However, drills should be used judiciously, if over used, students will get bored.)解析：48.What is the basic theory of Gestalt psychology?（分数：5.00）_正确答案：(Gestalt psychology appeared in the 1920s. Its

57、research was focused on the area of perception, aiming at the exploration of the relationship between parts and whole in peoples perceptual experience. It claimed that people perceived objects and scenes as organized wholes before they noticed their component parts. The word Gestalt means organized shape or whole form in English.)解析：五、.Questions for Long Answers(总题数：2，分数：20.00)49.What do you think the three methods (the Silent Wa