中国古典园林概述全面精炼-英文-英语园林景观

1、No. NameClassical Chinese Gardens中国古典园林1教学pptContents1 the History of Classical Chinese Gardens2 the Classification of Classical Chinese Gardens3 Chinese Garden Design2教学ppt1 the History of Classical Chinese Gardens3教学pptShang ZhouQin HanWei JinSui TangSong YuanRising Period生成期Transferring period转折期

2、Heyday Period 全盛期Ming QingMature Period成熟期Mature late Period成熟后期DynastiesStages of Development 4教学ppt Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Name: You (囿)lit. hunting park” -the hunting ground for emperors and nobles without any artificial cultivation. -coarse, primitive, big and natural.Features:纣为鹿台，七年而成，其大三里，

3、高千尺临望云雨 新序刺奢 “王在灵囿，鹿鹿攸伏。鹿鹿濯濯，白鸟篙篙。 王在灵沼，於轫鱼跃。” 诗经大雅 5教学pptQin and Han Dynasties a villa where the emperors can have a rest and deal with the affairs of the state. e.g.Shanglin Garden(上林苑) Weiyang Palace (未央宫) Changle Palace (长乐宫)Name: Yuan (苑)lit. imperial park” Feature:6教学ppt姑苏台7教学ppt蓬莱山方丈山瀛洲山Layou

4、t of the Jianzhang Palace(建章宫） in Shanglin Gardenthe layout of “one pond and three mountains”(一池三山) 8教学pptFrom the period of the Wei and Jin to the period of Southern and Northern DynastiesBackground: China experienced a period of continuous wars and conflicts. Many of the scholar-officials（士大夫）were

5、 bitterly disappointed and tried to evade the society by finding a spiritual sustenance in the natural world. Feature: the garden with natural mountains and rivers.9教学ppt 流觞曲水10教学pptSui and Tang Dynasties The economy was flourishing and the civilization was prosperous. The architects always had the

6、interest in the integration of the garden into literature and art.Feature: the garden with imitating mountains and riversBackground:11教学ppt 大明宫12教学ppt自居易的履道里宅园13教学pptThe Song and the Yuan DynastiesThe stage of maturity 皆台榭亭阁，花木奇石，影映湖山周围胜景，言之难尽。 吴自牧梦梁录14教学pptMing Dynasty and Qing DynastiesThe peak ti

7、me of classical gardening-Building of Imperial Gardens was activated .E.g.the Summer Palacethe Mountain Resort in Chengde-The function of living was reinforced. - “garden of gardens” “园中园”15教学ppt Yuanye (园冶), the first monograph dedicated to garden architecture in the world, was written by Ji Cheng(

8、计成), a Ming dynasty garden designer . Building Principle: The garden is created by the human hand, but should appear as if created by heaven. “虽由人作，宛自天开”The Craft of Gardens 16教学ppt2 the Classification of Classical Chinese Gardens17教学pptPrivate Gardens (私家园林) Imperial Gardens(皇家园林）Owned by ancient C

9、hinese emperors .Owned mainly by the painters, the poets, and other scholars. Beihai Park;the Summer Palace;the Mountain Resort in ChengdeLandscape Garden (风景名胜园林) E.g.Places for public recreation. West Lake; Daming LakeE.g.Temple Garden(寺庙园林)18教学pptImperial Gardens19教学pptPrivate Gardens20教学pptLands

10、cape Gardens21教学pptTemple Gardens22教学pptHumble Administrators Garden(拙政园)Lingering Garden (留园)Master of the Nets Garden(网师园)Lion Grove Garden (狮子林)Private Gardens:Famous Private Gardens in Suzhou:Geyuan Garden(个园)Heyuan Garden (何园)Famous Private Gardens in Yangzhou:23教学ppt3 Chinese Garden Design24教学

11、ppt obstructive scenery; blocking view( 抑景或障景) The garden builders never show the best part of the garden at the very beginning, but try to use some artistic methods to block the scene at the entrance of a garden, such as a screen, a rockery, etc. 25教学ppt adding the view（添景） When a scenic spot is a

12、little bit far from the viewer, such as a pagoda, or the natural hills, kinds of flowers, trees, or other plants will be planted in the middle or near to the observers as a kind of transition.26教学ppt vista line；vista（夹景） A distant view or prospect, especially one seen through an opening, as between

13、rows of buildings or trees. 27教学ppt opposite scenery; (对景) view in an opposite place 28教学ppt enframed scenery（框景） It refers to mainly the doors, the windows, the holes, or the frame formed by the plants naturally will often enframe the views afar into a very beautiful picture. 29教学ppt leaking throug

14、h scenery(漏景) In walls of the garden or one side of the corridors, there are often some hollows or windows, which are engraved through by traditional Chinese pictures such ancient figures, plants, birds and animals. So people will have a view from the hollow part about the garden. lattice window30教学

15、ppt borrowed scenery; view borrowing(借景) Borrowed scenery is the principle of incorporating background landscape into the composition of a garden found in traditional Chinese garden design.31教学ppt “distant borrowing”(远借) e.g. mountains, forests, rivers, fields & lakes“ adjacent borrowing” (邻借)e.g. neighbori