跨文化交际期末精彩试题

1、跨文化交际期末精彩试题考试需知：考试前每一列学生把课本放在第一排。考试时间为2.5个小时，试卷1为闭卷考试，前面40分钟用于完成试卷1。待老师收上试卷1后，发下课本，学生做试卷2,试卷2为开卷考试。可携带纸质词典进考场，不许携带电子词典及手机进考场。TestPaper1Fillingtheblanks:Generallyspeaking,intermsofcontextuality,thecommunicationintheWestislow-contextualwhilethatintheEastishigh-contextualGenerallyspeaking,intermsofworl

2、dviews,theWestadoptsDualisticview,whiletheEastadoptsholisticviewGenerallyspeaking,intermsofthoughtpatterns,theWestfollowsAnalyticandabstractthinking,whiletheEastfollowssyntheticandconcretethinkingGenerallyspeaking,intermsofdiscoursepatterns,theWestusesDeductivepattern,whiletheEastusesinductivepatter

3、n5IntheAxialAge,thegreatthinkersinChinaareConfucius,LaoTze,MoTze,andthegreatthinkerinIndiaisSiddharthaGautama,thegreatfigureinPalestineareHebrewprophets,andthegreatthinkersintheWestarePlato,HomerandArchimedesII.Choosethebestanswer:1.Non-verbalmessagesareclassifiedintotwocomprehensivecategories:those

4、thatareprimarilyproducedbythebody,suchas,;andthosethattheindividualcombineswiththesetting,suchas,.Dphysicalcontact,eyecontact,paralanguage;space,time,manfacialexpression,touch,taste;space,time,silenceappearance,movement,gesture;surrounding,occasion,manmovement,smell,paralanguage;space,time,silence2.

5、InChinesewriting,thereareusuallymoreadjectives,proverbsandallusionsthaninEnglishwriting.SomeWesternscholarsnamethisstyle“flowery”,statingthatitsaimistogiveamorefancifulimpressionthaninformation,andtheinformationisusuallyofbeauty,fragrance,happiness,andanyother“goodness”aspectssoastoattractpeople.Wem

6、aytermthisstyleas-oriented.Westernwritingismoredirectwithobjectiveinformation.Tothem,much-repeatedwordsmaymeanlessafterawhile.WemaytermtheWesternwritingas-oriented.Cadjective,objectiveChinese,Westernimpression,informationC.indirect,direct3.Astothehumannatureorientation,thetraditionalWesternbeliefhol

7、dsthat,whiletheAsianpeoplebelievethat.Bbasicallygood;basicallybadevilbutperfectible,basicallygoodthemixtureofgoodandevil;themixtureofgoodandevil;unknown4.AstotheMan-Natureorientation,thetraditionalWesternbeliefholdsthat,whiletheAsianpeoplebelievethat.Dsubjugationtonature;harmonywithnatureharmonywith

8、nature;masteryovernatureharmonywithnature;subjugationtonaturemasteryovernature;harmonywithnatureAstotimeorientation,generallyspeaking,theUSAis,thePhilippines,Mexico,andLatinAmericaare,andAsia,Britain,Greece,Franceare.Con-timeoriented;in-timeoriented;late-timeorientedyouth-oriented;adult-oriented;eld

9、erly-orientedfuture-oriented;present-oriented;past-orientedpresent-oriented;future-oriented;past-orientedIntermsofactivityorientation,theUSAis,thePhilippines,Mexico,andLatinAmericaare,andAsiais.Ddoing-oriented;playing-oriented,being-orientedplaying-oriented;being-oriented;doing-orientedbeing-oriente

10、d;doing-oriented;being-in-becomingorienteddoing-oriented;being-oriented;being-in-becomingorientedThedividingworldviewisalsoreferredtoasmechanisticview.Itgoesbythefollowingdifferentnames:Dreasonversusresult;religionversusart;objectivityversusimaginationinstinctversusintuition;scienceversustechnology;

11、imaginationversussubjectivitytuitionversusintuition;regionversusreligion;subjugationversussubjectivityreasonversusintuition;scienceversusreligion;objectivityversussubjectivityTheGreekthinksinorderto.Itisspeculation.TheHinduthinksinorderto.Itismeditation.TheChinesethinksinorderto.Itiscontemplation.Cd

12、o;die;livespectacle;meddle;contemptunderstand;think;self-cultivatethink;self-cultivate;understand“Yourbodydoesntknowhowtolie”indicatesBsomethingiswrongwithyourbodyandyoucanonlystand.bodylanguageisimportant.bodycontactisdangerous.wecantseparatemindfrombody.Generallyspeaking,intheUS,peoplemakefriendsb

13、ysharing,whileinChina,peoplemakefriendsbysharing.Bpersonalrelationship;activitiesactivities;personalrelationshiplove;bloodblood;loveIntermsofphysicalcontact,thehighcontactcountriesare,whilethelowcontactcountriesare.CtheUS,Britain,mostNorthernEuropeancountries;Arabworld,Mediterraneancountries,Indones

14、iatheUS,Britain,Japan;EastEuropeancountries,Russia,MiddleEastArabworld,Mediterraneancountries,Indonesia;theUS,Britain,mostNorthernEuropeancountriesArabworld,Mediterraneancountries,China;theUS,Britain,mostNorthernEuropeancountriesGenerallyspeaking,intermsofcontextualityofcommunication,thehigh-context

15、ualpeopleare,whilethelow-contextualcountriesareALatinAmericans,Chinese,Japanese;theAmericans,German,SwisstheAmericans,German,Swiss;LatinAmericans,Chinese,JapaneseNativeAmericans,Chinese,Koreans;theAmericans,Japanese,BritishtheAmericans,Japanese,British;NativeAmericans,Chinese,KoreansEachpersonhasa“b

16、ubble”ofspace(territory).Studiesshowthatpeoplefrom,haveasmallerpersonalterritorythandopeoplefrom,.ASouthAmerica,Arabcountries,andmanyAsiancountries;NorthAmerica,Britain,GermanyNorthAmerica,Britain,Germany;SouthAmerica,Arabcountries,andmanyAsiancountriesSouthAmerica,Britain,Germany;NorthAmerica,Arabc

17、ountries,andmanyAsiancountries.NorthAmerica,Arabcountries,andmanyAsiancountries;SouthAmerica,Britain,GermanyInculture,thenuclearfamilyismuchmoreimportanttotheindividualthantheextendedfamily,whilein,culture,theextendedfamilyisveryimportant.CHispanic;American,Asian,Arabian,AfricanArabian;American,Asia

18、n,African,HispanicAmerican;Asian,African,Arabian,HispanicAfrican;American,Asian,Arabian,HispanicInnuclear-familyculture,peoplerelymainlyon,forhelp,whileinextended-familyculture,peoplerelymainlyonforhelp.Cfamilies,friends,professionals;familiesfamilies,friends,professionals;institutionsfriends,profes

19、sionals,institutions;familiesfriends,families,institutions;professionalsInnuclear-familyculture,usuallycomesfirst,whileinextended-familyculture,usuallycomesfirst.Bfamily;individualindividual;familyhusband;wifewife;husbandWhenitcomestofriendship,anAmericanfriendwouldfeelthattheyhadifthefriendgaveupar

20、ealneedtostudytogoshopping.Onesdutiesandobligationstowardfriends,evenbestfriendsareunderstoodto;onedoesnotexpectfriendstoassumeburdensome,responsibilitiestowardoneself.AclosefriendintheUSisapersonthatonefeelsfreetoaskforhelp,recognizing,however,thatthefriendmay,iftheygiveyouareason.Thisismaybethatin

21、theWest,peopleprefertobe,sotheydonotfeelcomfortableinarelationshipinwhichonepersonismoreandtheotherisdependentonwhatisbeinggiven.ForWesternersfriendshipismostlyamatterofprovidingsupportand.Bdependedtoomuch;limitless;small;say“OK”;dependent;receiving;material;getseparateimposedtoomuch;havelimits;long

22、-term;say“No”;independent;giving;emotional;spendtimetogether.imposedtoolittle;havelimits;short-term;say“Yes”;free;earning;financial;getinvolveddependedalittle;limitless;big;say“Sorry”;independent;giving;spiritual;gettogether.InChina,thedutiesandobligationsoffriendshipsseemvirtuallyforallpracticalpur

23、poses.ChinesefriendsgiveeachothermuchhelpandassistancethanWesternfriendsdo.Forexample,theygiveeachotherandmighthelpeachotherforaperiodoftime.AfriendinChinaissomeonewho,sensingthatyouareinneedinsomeway,offerstoassistyou.Cimpossible;morespiritual;things;practically;short;whenbeingaskedenormous;lessspi

24、ritual;money;financially;long;unwillinglyunlimited;moreconcrete;money;financially;long;withoutwaitingtobeaskedlimited;moreconcrete;things;materially;certain;ifrequiredIntimesoftrouble,bothAmericanandChinesefriendsgiveeachotheremotionalsupport,buttheydoitdifferently.AChinesefriendismorelikelytobetogi

25、veadvicetoafriend,whileanAmericanfriendwillbetogiveadvice,insteadshemayraisequestionstoencourageherfriendtoconsidercarefullywhatmayhappenifshedoesonethinginsteadofanother.Ccautious;detailed;ready;specificready;ambiguous;cautious;guidelineready;specific;cautious;directunwilling;direct;ready;specificW

26、henitcomestotherelationshipbetweenparentsandmarriedsons,inChina,amansrelationshipwithhisparentsisthanthatwithhiswife.Thusintheeventofanyquarrelbetweenhiswifeandhismother,amanshould.Atmosthemighthopeto,andthiswasregardedas.InAmerica,amansrelationshipwithhisparentsisthanthatwithhiswife.Hewouldbeexpect

27、edto.Hemightevenbecounseledtothevicinityofhisparentshometoeasetheconflict.Dmoreimportant;sidewithhismother;sidewithhisfather;honorable;moreimportant;sidewithnoone;moveintolessimportant;sidewithnoone;saysomething;honorable;lessimportant;sidewithhisfather;getawayfromlessimportant;sidewithhiswife;remai

28、nsilent;dishonorable;moreimportant;sidewithhiswife;moveintomoreimportant;sidewithhismother;remainneutral;dishonorable;lessimportant;sidewithhiswife;moveaway.Trueorfalse:Generallyspeaking,Chinaisanequalsociety,Americaisahierarchysociety.(F)Generallyspeaking,inChinesesociety,thepowerdistanceissmall,wh

29、ileinAmerica,thepowerdistanceislarge.(F)BoththeAsianandWesterncountrieshavetheconceptof“face”,and“face”hasthesamesocialsignificanceforthesecountriesinthatonesfaceisalsothefaceofonesgroup.(F)Thedividingworldviewreliesstronglyon“facts”asopposedto“opinions”.(T)Averyroughgeneralizationisthatthinkingfort

30、heGreekistolookupward,fortheHinduistolookinward,fortheConfuciansistolookoutward.(F)Valuesareexplicitlystoredinourmind.Wearealwaysawareofthem,andwemakejudgmentsaccordingtothem.(F)Valuesareseparatefromeachother.Eachoneworkalone.(F)Valuescanbecomparedonacontinuumratherthanoneofonlytwopossiblechoices.Pe

31、opleeverywherepossessthesamevaluestodifferentdegrees,andtheimportanceofthatcommonvalue,howitgetsactedout,isamatterofdegree.(T)Loverand爱人havethesamemeaning.(F)10.InbothChinaandWesterncountries,itisverycommonandusualforadultstofondleotherpeoplesbabiesandverysmallchildrentoshowtheiraffectionandfriendli

32、ness.(F).Translation:TranslatethefollowingEnglishintoChinese:NatureandManareblendedintooneharmoniousidentity.天人合一NatureaffectshumanaffairsandhumanbehaviorfindsresponseinNature.天人感应Natureaccordswithhumanwishes.天从人愿Yourcharacterwillbetinted“red(good)ifyouareinthecompanyofredness,butblack(bad)ifyouarei

33、nclosecontactwithink.近朱者赤，近墨者黑Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.天助自助者6）Lookbeforeyouleap.三思而后行7）Asinglearrowiseasilybroken,butnotabunch.轻霜冻死单根草，狂风难毁万木林Hewhostirsanothersporridgeoftenburnshisown.狗拿耗子，多管闲事8）TranslatethefollowingChineseintoEnglish:1）容忍toleranceofothers2）中庸之道moderation,followingthemiddlewa

34、y3）修养self-cultivation4）不重竞争non-competitiveness5）信用trust-worthiness6）贞节chastityinwomen7）寡欲havingfewdesires服从、孝敬、尊崇、赡养父母filialpiety8）.Tellthemeaningofthefollowinggesturesindifferentcountries:Gesture1Gesture2Gesture3IntheUS,England,SwedenitisusedtogetherwiththeverbalmessageLetskeepourfingerscrossed”tom

35、eanthat_thepersonishopingforgoodluck.InGreeceandTurkeyitmeansthebreakingofafriendship.InpartsofItalyitmeans_OK.IntheUSitmeansGreat,perfect,acceptable,OK.InBelgiumandFrance,itmeans_zero.InBrazil,Turkey,GreeceandMaltaithas_anobscenemeaning.InJapanitmeansmoney.InTunisia,itisusedasthreat3.ItmeansSlowdow

36、n”，relax”orwaitasecondTestPaper2.Answerthefollowingquestions1.WhataretheimplicationsoftheindividualismintheWestandthecollectivismintheEast?(P66-68)2.OfferyourinterpretationswithexamplesabouttheChineseandtheWesternmodesofthinking.(P93-97)VII.Caseanalysis:1.StudythefollowingChinesepoemandEnglishstatem

37、entsandseewhatmessagesyoucandrawfromitthatarerelevanttointerculturalcommunicationstudy.(P28-29)横看成岭侧成峰，远近高低各不同，不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中。Youwillnotknowyourownculturewelluntilyoucommunicatewithanother,Ifwedonotrecognizeourhumanityinothers,wewillnotrecognizeitinourselves.2.ReadthequotationfromAbrahamLincolnandw

38、orkoutwhatvalueheexpressed.Explainthisvalue.(P59-60)Wedowishtoallowthehumblestmananequalchancetogetrichwitheveryoneelse.Whenonestartspoor,asmostdointheraceoflife,freesocietyissuchthatheknowshecanbetterhiscondition;heknowsthatthereisnofixedconditionoflaborforhiswholelife.3.Studythecaseandthentrytoans

39、werthequestionsthatfollow.(P86-92)WuhadjuststartedworkingforaSwedishcompanythathadextensivebusinesscommitmentsinChina.AlargepartofhisworkconcernedadvisinghisexpatriatecolleaguesonChinesebusinesspractices.Thisinvolvedbothwritingreportsandrecommendationsandaddressingmeetings.Ashewasveryanxioustosuccee

40、d,Wualwaysresearchedhistopicsthoroughlyandtriedtomakehispresentationsasclearaspossible.However,hegraduallybecameawarethatsomethingwaswrong.Itoftenseemedthatnobodylistenedtohimandhisadvicewasignored.Whenhespokeatmeetings,hefeltthatpeoplewereimpatientanduninterestedinwhathehadtosay.HegotmoreandmoreunhappyandbegantofeelthathiscolleagueswerenotinterestedinhisopinionsbecausehewasChinese.This,hethought,wasracism.Thecompanyhadapolicyofannualreview,whichmeantthateverystaffmembermetwiththemanagingdirectoronceayeartodiscusshisorherprogress.WhenthetimecameforWusreview,hemanagingdirectorgavehimacopyofth