从海绵城市到可持续的城市课件

1、从海绵城市到可持续的城市1塑造面向未来的珍水城市Create Smart Watershed development of City Future2012.7.212012.5江西鄱阳湖塑造面向未来的珍水城市Create Smart Watershed development of City Future2012.7.21北京塑造面向未来的珍水城市Create Smart Watershed development of City Future2012.11天津滨海新区快速城市化，使水资源日趋紧张、枯竭不精明的增长策略，损耗自然资源薄弱的基础设施建设及滞后的设施维护工作，影响城市安全利益驱动，

2、污染造成自然生境的毁灭性损害为什么，水不再温顺？水与城市的关系，决定了可持续的未来发展，今天，我们必须反思：In managing risk and seeking to create a better future world to be truly sustainable we have to think about the Water issues of: 水与气候变化 / Climate Change水资源紧缺/Water Scarcity水环境破坏/Environmental Damage水灾和防治 / Disaster Prevention滨水的开发 / Waterfront De

3、velopment 水与文化精神/ Culture 水与公共活动 / Public Activity 塑造面向未来的珍水城市Create Smart Watershed development of City Future如何统筹城市化发展与城市水环境的问题？量化模拟/动态监控/综合统筹流域被作为完整的系统通盘考虑水被作为城市的战略性资源储备优化地上/地下平衡的水循环系统构建链接/互通的亲水的城市生活空间场所通过教育引导节水/敬水的生活方式可持续实现的路径：蓝网保护现有流域的汇水系统采用高密度，紧凑型建设发展模式提高水资源的利用效率创造更多的渗透性开放空间鼓励低维护费用的生态基础设施1整合的规

4、划设计方法Integrated Design Approaches裕廊湖区可持续发展总体规划，新加坡Jurong Lake District Sustainability Masterplan, Singapore水资源保护用量化要求改变行为政府的激励与监督机制能反映水资源真正价值的定价机制饮用水的替代来源明确场地特征完善水平衡确定再利用方式污水处理雨水采集，废水回收与再利用洪水管理遵守社区用水预算法定规划层面的创新与导引2水资源管理Water Resources ManagementNorman Creek流域愿景规划, 布里斯班，澳大利亚Norman Creek Catchment Vis

5、ion and Concept, Brisbane, AustraliaWater ConservationEducation to achieve behavioral changeGovernment incentives and regulationPrice structuring that reflects waters true valueAlterative sources to subscribe potable waterDefine site characteristicsComplete water balanceIdentify reuse optionsSewer o

6、verflow events Water capture, recycling and reclamationFlood managementLiving within a community water budget对未来生活方式的思考普及下一代可持续发展及珍水教育开展公共社区培训活动，增强公众意识3教育与培训Training and EducationNova Luz城市更新，圣保罗，巴西Nova Luz Regeneration, So Paolo, BrazilZidells ParkZidells ParkZidells ParkZidells ParkZidells ParkZid

7、ells ParkZidells ParkZidells ParkZidells ParkZidells ParkZidells ParkZidells Park案例1:天津北塘社区可持续规划塑造面向未来的珍水城市Create Smart Watershed development of City Future可持续系统整合方法论SSIM Introduction and Overall Methodology0126对于一个整合模型的需求Need for an Integrated ModelYou cant manage what you cant measure 你无法对于不能衡量的事物

8、进行管理Sustainable design CAN save costs可持续设计能够降低成本We live/work in inter-connected environments我们生活在相互关联的环境中There are lots of Sustainable design choices and fewer Right Choices可持续设计选择很多，但是正确的选择却很少Quantification量化Sustainable Economics可持续经济Optimization最优化Whole Systems全系统需求 Need整合设计与全系统思考方式Integrated Desi

9、gn and Whole Systems Thinking27整合模型框架Integration Modeling FrameworkLIDLow ImpactDevelopmentIntegration PlatformOptimized Sustainability Program碳削减优化策略组合Framework System目标追求决策版Water水Whole SystemsWater Balance Model全系统水平衡模型Building EnergyDOE 2.0-动态热模型DynamicThermal ModelingPublic Realm Energy公共空间能源ASL

10、I StandardsASLI标准Eco-Services生态服务Carbon Sequestration ModelRenewablesWind / PV Models风/PV模型Mobility移动性7 D Sustainability Model7D可持续性模型Sustainable Form可持续城市形态Master Plan28Stage I第一阶段Land Plan Evaluation土地规划评估Stage II第二阶段Core SystemPerformance Benchmarking核心系统性能定级Stage III第三阶段Program Optimization计划优化S

11、SIM方法论SSIM Methodology29SSIM方法适用于各种尺度The SSIM Approach is Applicable to Various Scales建筑Building校园Campus城市 City现有项目EXISTING新开发NEW3065+ Measures / PackagesLEED CreditsSSIM拥有强大的措施数据库，可以满足各种需求SSIM is Comprehensive in Scope with a Library of Measures31SSIM方法包括整合的设计协同The SSIM Approach includes Integrated

12、 Design Synergies总成本降低(Z)总节能量(Z%)已铺路面减少雨水流失量减少x (ac-ft)入渗量增加& 蓄水层补给增加 x (ac-ft)植被覆盖增加(# Trees, acre of soft surface)减低污染程度X % Reduction绿色遮荫增加、日光反射减少、热岛效应减少减少污水处理成本和减少雨水基建成本减少冷负荷，节省电费减少施工成本照明能源减少减少电量X kWh / Yr Reduction减少光照耗能，节省电费建筑紧凑性布局的可能性提高道路简短、共用管道减少、区域系统X% reduction of roadwaysY % reduction of u

13、tility lines减少项目成本停车位需求量的减少X%, Y Spaces32SSIM第一阶段 选择优选方案SSIM Stage I Selecting Preferred Plans33SSIM第二阶段 主要系统成本效益分析和目标制定SSIM Stage II: Primary Systems Cost-Benefit Analysis and Benchmarking初始投资First-Costs将组合融于总体可持续方案Packages Combined into Master Sustainability Programs生命周期成本Life Cycle Costs各个专题项目优化组

14、合Optimized Packages for Each Core Theme环境效益Environmental Benefit市场承受力Market Cost Acceptance生活用水Domestic Water 佳good 优良better 最优best交通Transportation 佳good 优良better 最优best公共空间Public Realm 佳good 优良better 最优best可再生能源Renewable Energy 佳good 优良better 最优best专题项目建模Core Theme Modeling建筑能源Building Energy 佳good

15、 优良better 最优best34Real-time Readout of Primary Performance Indicators主要性能指标的实时显示Real-time Readout of Primary Cost Indicators主要成本指标的实时显示Program Alternatives 计划Package Selection 组合选择Core Systems 核心系统SSIM第三阶段 调试并建立优化的计划SSIM Stage III Gaming and Creating an Optimized Program35SSIM第三阶段 生命周期成本分析SSIM Stage

16、 III Life Cycle Cost Analysis36城市规划阶段的用水需求量控制Water Demand Reduction in Planning Stage02Input Alternative Plans into the SSIM Framework and Generate Development Program Data in formats compatible with SSIM Modules 将备选方案输入SSIM框架，生成与SSIM各模块兼容的开发方案数据Evaluate Alternative Land Plans to Select Preferred Pl

17、an with Most Potential for Sustainability using key performance indicators (KPIs)根据关键性能指标，评估备选方案，并选择出最具可持续性的优选方案38第一阶段目标 Stage I Objectives开发性能生态性能可达性和空间分布资源使用废物产生量39第一阶段介绍Stage I IntroductionUrban Form is the single largest determinant of GHG emissions城市形态是独立的最大温室气体排放决定因素SSIM provides guidance towa

18、rds creating low water urban formSSIM为建立低水城市形态提供了指导方向 第一阶段模拟过程Stage I Modeling and Process利用GIS建模工具绘图Draw Concept with GIS Sketch ToolsWith Project specific land use and features pallete运行城市形态分析模型，建立土地和建筑方案Run Indicator, Urban Form Analysis Model & Generate Land & Building Program利用智能绘图和地理过程建模Using

19、Intelligent Prototyping of Land Use and Modelbuilder Geoprocessing将土地和建筑方案输入性能模型Feed Land & Building Program to Performance Models获得性能结果Get Performance Results1整合GIS - 概念规划界面 INTEGRATED GIS Sketch Planning Interface23440建筑Building地块Block小区District社区Neighborhood第一阶段模拟过程Stage I Modeling and Process总体规

20、划方案的生成利用智能土地使用模拟Master Plan Program Generation Using Intelligent Land Use Prototyping4142第一阶段工具和调试板Stage I Tools and Dashboards43北塘项目第一阶段：评估3个方案 Tanggu Stage 1: Evaluating 3 SchemesScheme 1方案 1(原控规)Scheme 2方案2Scheme 3方案3水系循环规划水体循环 : 水源：来自河水或经过湿地处理的污水 Water source: from River or effluent of WWTP whic

21、h are treated by wetland: 水源：雨水或处理后污水 Water source: rainwater or effluent of WWTP : 水源：雨水或水源 Water source: rainwater or water from part 所有雨水或处理过的污水排入河流中，并可重复用于开发地区的道路冲洗和洗车用水 All the rainwater or treated water which flow into the river can be recycled back to the development area for road or car clea

22、ning44雨水收集策略45雨水最佳管理实践策略草沟/生态滤水带Swale/Bioretention 滞留池/过滤系统Retention/Filtration System雨水处理设施规划46典型人工湿地断面设计溢流渠Overflow Channel过流渠Effluent Channel 人工湿地Constructed Wetland 入口Inlet Pond Stage1 Stage2 47北塘项目第一阶段：建立建筑和地块定义表Tanggu Stage 1: Creating Building and Block Definition TablesBuilding intoPopulatio

23、n, Employment and Energy + Water分解为人口、就业和能源、水资源Block into Buildings and Landscape分解为建筑和景观District into Blocks分解为地块C1DistrictShape from GIS地区形状Block Definition Table地块定义表格Building Definition Table建筑定义表格Building Energy Model建筑能源模型Landscape Definition Table 景观定义表格General Land Use一般土地利用Nested Hierarchic

24、al Calculations嵌套式分级计算Number of TreesPopulation & EmploymentEnergy per BuildingWater per Building48北塘项目第一阶段：建立建筑和地块定义表Tanggu Stage 1: Creating Building and Block Definition Tables地块定义建筑定义49北塘第一阶段：应用当量建筑水耗模型 Tanggu Stage 1: Applying Equivalent Building Water ModelsGenerate Building Program生成建筑计划Assig

25、n Equivalent Building Model当量建筑分配模型Calculate # of Equivalent Buildings计算当量建筑Analyze Plan分析方案1234Calculate Total Development Building Water计算所有开发的水耗50北塘项目第一阶段：总结矩阵和结论Tanggu Stage 1: Summary Matrix and ConclusionScheme 3 has most favorable scores and is the preferred plan方案三得分最高，因此是优选方案详细设计和建设实施阶段的水资源

26、管理Water Management in Detailed Design and Construction Stage03水资源 Water简介和模拟过程Introduction and Modeling Process水平衡规划 Water Balance Planning在建筑环境中保留自然水平衡不浪费水资源或使景观超负载的积极措施措施包括低影响景观设计智能灌溉高效设备雨水回用灰水回用黑水回用整合自然雨水管理Restores the natural hydrological equilibrium in the built environmentAn optimum way to sec

27、ure water resources without exhausting resources or over-taxing landscapesComponents include:Low-impact landscape designIntelligent irrigationHigh-efficiency fixturesReuse of rainwaterReuse of greywaterReuse of blackwaterIntegrated, natural stormwatermanagement降雨（雪）量雨花园供应( 收集) 径流(管理) 需求(减少) 自然保留系统水回

28、用有效设施52水资源 Water简介和模拟过程Introduction and Modeling ProcessPrecipitation降雨Temperature气温Evapotranspiration蒸发Soil (clay, sand)土壤（泥土，砂土）Residential居住用地Commercial商业用地Open Space开放空间Common Areas一般区域Roadways道路Limit on Total Water Use限制总用水量Water Law水法Wastewater Discharge污水排放Stormwater Mitigation暴雨削减Save Water节

29、水Harvest Water收集水Lessen Impact减少影响Sustainability可持续性Low Demand Landscaping低水耗景观Intelligent Irrigation精明灌溉High Efficiency Fixtures高效器具Reuse Rainwater雨水回用Reuse Greywater灰水回用Reuse Blackwater黑水回用Use TSE处理的污水使用Detain, Retain, Treat Stormwater阻滞、滞留、处理雨水Environment + Climate环境与气候Land Use Program土地使用方案Requi

30、rements必备条件Goals目标Strategies策略53水资源 Water简介和模拟过程Introduction and Modeling Process降雨 Rainfall径流 Runoff渗透 Infiltration水足迹 Water Footprint发展前情况 Predevelopment Condition54水资源 Water简介和模拟过程Introduction and Modeling Process水足迹 Water Footprint发展后情况 Post-Development Condition降雨Rainfall饮用水 Potable Water雨水中污染物

31、 Pollutants in Storm water增加径流 Increased Runoff城市污水 Sewage渗透减少Decreased Infiltration热! Heat!55水资源 Water简介和模拟过程Introduction and Modeling Process水足迹 Water Footprint可持续发展情况 Sustainable Development Condition降雨 Rainfall减少饮用水 ReducedPotable WaterWEc 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2EAc 1雨水增强 Stormwater EnhancementsSSc 6

32、.2SS Prerequisite 1减少雨水径流 Reduced Stormwater RunoffSSc 6.1减少废水 Reduced WastewaterWEc 2增加径流Increased InfiltrationSSc 6.1, SSc 6.2热岛/绿色屋顶 Heat Islands/Green Roof雨水收集 Rainfall HarvestingSSc 7.1 SSc 6.1SSC 7.2 SSc 6.2SSc 6.1WEc 2SSc 6.2WEc 1.1, 1.2WEc 3.1, 3.256水平衡规划 Water Balance Planning 范例措施 Example

33、Measures水模型措施-室内用水-居住Water Model Measures Interior Use Assumptions - residential水资源 Water简介和模拟过程Introduction and Modeling Process57水平衡规划 Water Balance Planning 范例措施 Example Measures水模型措施-室外用水Water Model Measures Exterior Use Assumptions灌溉效率低需求中等需求草坪面积植物作物系数水资源 Water简介和模拟过程Introduction and Modeling P

34、rocess58水资源 Water北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations水平衡规划 Water Balance Planning 范例措施-内部设备 Example Measures - Interior FixturesBAUGoodBetterBest内部设备需求普通优更优更优59水资源 Water北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations水平衡规划 Water Balance Planning

35、范例措施-内部设备 Example Measures - Interior FixturesBAUGoodBetterBest灌溉需求普通优更优最优60水资源 Water北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations水平衡规划 Water Balance Planning 范例措施-雨水回用 Example Measures Stormwater reuseBAUGoodBetterBestStormwaterReused stormwater雨水雨水回用雨水普通优更优最优61水资源 Water北塘项目

36、的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations水平衡规划 Water Balance Planning 输出实例 Example Outputs62生活用水供应市政污水处理生活用水用于饮用和灌溉Domestic Water SupplyMunicipal Sewage TreatmentDomestic water for potable and irrigation supply水资源 Water基准情景 Baseline Scenario北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evalua

37、tion, Findings and Recommendations63市政供水市政污水处理高效室内器具生活用水用于饮用和灌溉灰水收集和通过湿地处理处理后的水回用于冲厕Municipal water supplyMunicipal sewage treatmentMore efficient indoor fixturesDomestic water for potable and irrigation supplyGrey Water Collection and Treatment in WetlandsReturn Treated Water for Toilet Flushing水资源

38、 Water结论：下水处理需求降低48%Result: 48% Reduced volume of treated sewage佳情景 Good北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations64水资源 Water佳情景 Good北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations65水资源 Water屋顶雨水收集 Roof top rainfall harvesting灰水收集Grey water collection

39、最高效的室内器具Most efficient indoor fixtures人工处理湿地Treatment wetlands处理后的水回用冲厕Return treated water for toilet flushing雨水收集、处理和储存Stormwater collection, treatment and storage更多用于灌溉More water for irrigationResult: 73% Reduced volume of treated sewage 结论：下水处理需求降低73%Result: 45% Reduced potable water for irrigat

40、ion 结论：用于灌溉的饮用水量降低45%优良情景 Better Scenario北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations66水资源 Water优良情景 Better Scenario北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations67水资源 Water市政供水仅用于室内用水 Municipal water supply for indoor water use only灰水收集至建筑蓄水池 Grey wat

41、er harvesting to building cisterns雨水收集至建筑蓄水池 Rainfall harvesting to building cisterns蓄水池用于冲厕 Toilet flushing from building cistern雨水收集至人工湿地 Stormwater to treatment wetlands基地内部污水处理，并排放至湿地 On-site sewage treatment, discharge to wetlands净化后的污水用于灌溉 Irrigation from polished sewage effluentResult: No pot

42、able water for irrigation 结论：无饮用水用于灌溉Result: 67% Reduction in potable water结论：用于灌溉的饮用水量降低67%Result: No discharge of water from site 结论：项目无对外排水需求最优情景 Best Scenario北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations68水资源 Water最优情景 Best Scenario北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evaluation,

43、 Findings and Recommendations69水资源 Water水系统成本 Water Related Capital Costs北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations水系统成本用户建筑商总开发商优更优最优70水资源 Water水系统成本 Water Related Capital Costs北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations建筑雨水和中水 Building rainwater

44、 and grey water基地内 WWTP On-site WWTP回用 Recycle道路雨水 Road rainwater处理湿地 Treatment wetland71水资源 Water总体水资源管理Overall Water Management北塘项目的水资源评估、发现和建议Tanggu Water Evaluation, Findings and Recommendations设立目标-切实但积极开发策略费用效益比-考虑综合效益为实施确定责任测量和监测结果适应性管理Establish goals realistic, but aggressiveDevelop strategi

45、esCost/benefit account for synergiesDefine responsibilities for implementationMeasure and monitor resultsAdaptive management72水资源 Water73模型改进Model Enhancement工作过程和目标 Process and Goals第三阶段目标 Stage 3 Goals测试实现不同目的的可持续发展策略，并通过其经济指标评价其可实施性。 制定可持续发展实施导则，支持下一步的基础建设、建筑施工和公共空间开发的落实指导。 Identify master progra

46、ms to achieve different goals and study costCreate a Master Sustainability Program that can be used to set design standards for infrastructure, buildings and public realm74北塘项目评估、发现和建议 Tanggu SSIM Stage 3 Evaluation, Finding and Recommendations可持续发展整合模型 SSIM Modeling 总结Summary Scheme 3 OptimizationR

47、esults% ImprovementComponent CostCost to Master DeveloperResidential Building Energy1.4 B kWh/Yr56%+5%234 M( 5.9 % of Baseline Reference Development Cost)Non-Residential Energy460 M kWh/Yr51%+3%Transportation (VKT)439 M VKT50%246 MWater Use9M cubic meters40% - 22 MCarbon Emissions1.8 M MTCo2Eq/Yr33%

48、Absorbed in Overall Costs* Baseline Reference Cost includes Buildings, Transportation, Water and Public Realm Infrastructure 75北塘项目评估、发现和建议 Tanggu SSIM Stage 3 Evaluation, Finding and Recommendations总结 Summary Reduction in Energy Use55%能耗降低 Reduction in Potable Water Use67% 用水减少 Reduction in Carbon

49、Emissions33% 碳排放减少 Reduction in Vehicle Km Travelled50% 机动车里程减少 76$15 / moSaved on Car Maintenance汽车保养节省$70 / moSaved on Electric/Gas Bill电费和燃气费节省 $10 / moSaved on Water Bill水费节省$42 / moAdditional Mortgage增加的按揭$10 / moOn HOA Transit / Other Fee公交和其他费用$12 / moOn additional Equipment Maintenance增加的设备维

50、护费用Joe Citizen市民$8 / moSaved on yard Maintenance庭院维护节省$68 / moTotal Net Additional Disposable Income 全部额外的可支配净收入$30/ moSaved on Gasoline Bill汽油账单节省 $132/ moTotal Savings总节省量$64/ moTotal additional Costs全部额外成本Leading a Smart Water Resource Management in China水的合理利用创造绿色福利案例2:北京雨水管理北京雨水管理Beijing Water

51、Management项目挑战Project Challenges 可持续雨水管理目前在北京尚未得到广泛应用，该理念需进一步推广相关政府部门之间缺少协调与合作即时监控、模型建立等先进技术需立即升级与整合北京雨水管理Beijing Water Management专案目标Project Goals 将可持续理念融入设计与政府管理系统开发整合的管理系统以减少洪灾并将雨水回收利用或用于地下水补给为试点研究区域开发一个可靠的管理系统框架并促进北京雨水最佳管理实践北京雨水管理Beijing Water Management系统效益System Benefits 计划在全北京推广的雨水最佳管理实践将降低雨水

52、径流的峰值流量、提高水质、促进回收利用雨水最佳管理实践综合了环境、景观及社会价值，这在当今中国将是一个全新的可持续水资源管理模式北京雨水管理系统北京，中国Flood Decision Support SystemBeijing, ChinaBeijing Water Management北京雨水管理Connecting and Modeling 连接与建模Proposed real-time monitoring and computer modeling system will significantly enhance the capability of stormwater runoff

53、 management. 实时监控和计算机模拟系统将显著提升雨水径流管理能力Coupling of GIS with the state-of-the-art 1-D and 2-D hydrological and hydraulic modeling provides accurate stormwater runoff predictions to help decision makers to have a quick response. 将地理信息系统（GIS）与最先进的1-D 、2-D水文和水力模型连接，准确地预测雨水径流，以帮助决策者快速作出反应。Integrated manag

54、ement system 整合的管理系统Communicating jurisdictions 与机关部门建立沟通Comprehensive system 综合体系PlanningDesignProject ImplementationDatabaseData and Asset Management ToolDistrict OfficesSystem AdministratorExisting Management System现有的管理系统 Water Management DepartmentDistrictDepartmentDistrictDepartmentSewer Syste

55、m Planning Urban Planning DepartmentUrban PlanningRoad ConstructionIsolated planning process 孤立的规划过程No connection between departments 各部门间缺少沟通Proposed Management System建议的管理系统Beijing Water Management北京雨水管理Beijing Water Management北京雨水管理System Benefits 系统效益Stormwater BMPs proposed to be built across B

56、eijing municipality would reduce peak flows of stormwater runoff, improve water quality and promote water reuse. 计划在全北京推广的雨水最佳管理实践将降低雨水径流的峰值流量、提高水质、促进循环用水Stormwater BMPs integrate environmental, landscape and social value, which is a new sustainable approach for water management in todays China 雨水最佳

57、管理实践综合了环境、景观及社会价值，这在当今中国将是一个全新的可持续水资源管理模式InputsHistoric LOL&Financial LossProb. Risk Assessment Monte-Carlo SimulationOutputAnnualized Risk ProfilesCost Benefit and Financial ModelFinancial ReturnIRR, NPV, Sensitivity, Cost/Benefit RatiosFinancial analysis processReduced financial loss risk of 2.2m

58、US$ annually Benefit to cost ratioFinancial savingExistingFutureBeijing Water Management 北京雨水管理Financial Benefits 财务效益Financial analysis showed that the implementation of the BUSWRMS system would save 2.2 million USD of financial loss per year with a high benefit-to-cost ratio. 财务分析表明，采用BUSWRMS系统将每年

59、减少220万美元的财物损失，实现高成本收益比。Approximately 100 million cubic meters per year of stormwater runoff could be utilized to supply non-potable water uses. 每年将有约1万立方米的雨水径流可以作非饮用用途The project also has significant social benefit, such as infrastructure improvement, reduction of loss of life during floods, and pov

60、erty reduction. 该项目还具有巨大的社会效益，如改善基础设施，减少洪灾死亡及降低贫困人口。案例3:北京滨水地区发展导引塑造面向未来的珍水城市Create Smart Watershed development of City Future蓝网探索圆明园颐和园紫竹院公园玉渊潭公园永定河滨水绿地温榆河滨水绿地奥体森林公园大望京公园什刹海及北海公园圆明园颐和园慈禧探访路、御河莲花池前门京杭大运河明城墙遗址公园旧城内古迹东坝大望京CBD丽泽奥体德胜门东二环亮马桥金融街生活漫旅Life Track古城巡迹Ancient Trail活力地带Speed Track87水环境相关元素与蓝网相关的