使用路由分布列表发布RIP和OSPF路由

1、使用路由分布列表发布RIP和OSPF路由一:实验目标:在本次实验中,在下图所示的拓扑中配置Rip v1和ospf之间的双 向重发布.二:场景：国际旅行社(ITA)增加了两个连接到SanJosel园区网的新场点.在硬件升级之前 BayPointe采用OSPF,而Vista只支持Ripvl.要求在ASBR,也就是SanJosel上 配置两个协议之间的双向重发布.在Ripv1中的路由器应该能学到OSPF网络中 的路由信息,OSPF中的路由器也应该可以学到RIPv1网络中的路由信息.在OSPF 域里面通告BayPointe相连的172.16.4.0/24,但不向RIP域发布.类似的，向 OSPF域重发

2、布RIP的每个子网,但不发送与Vista相连的网络172.16.12.0/24.三:配置步骤：步骤1:根据图构建和配置网络.首先,根据图标识的IP配置环回接口，用环回接口来模 拟每一个路由域中的网络.在路由器BayPinte上为所有相连的网络配置OSPF, 在路由器Vista上为所有相连的网络配置RIPvl.现在还不要对SanJosel的路由 选择进行配置.BayPointe#interface LoopbackOip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0interface Loopback1ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0in

3、terface Loopback2ip address 172.16.4.1 255.255.255.0interface FastEthernetO/Oip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0interface Serial2/1ip address 172.16.5.2 255.255.255.252SanJose1#interface FastEthernet0/0ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0interface Serial2/1ip address 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.252interf

4、ace Serial2/2ip address 172.16.8.1 255.255.255.0Vista#interface Loopback0ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0interface Loopback1ip address 172.16.11.1 255.255.255.0interface Loopback2ip address 172.16.12.1 255.255.255.0interface FastEthernet0/0ip address 172.16.9.1 255.255.255.0interface Serial2/1ip

5、 address 172.168.8.2 255.255.255.0BayPointe(config)#router os 1BayPointe(config-router)#net 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255 a 0Vista(config)#router ripVista(config-router)#net 172.16.0.0 步骤2:在SanJose1的串口上配置路由选择.使用下列命令设置SanJose1的路由选择进 程SanJose1(config)#router ripSanJose1(config-router)#net 172.16.0.0SanJose1(

6、config-router)#network 192.168.1.0SanJose1(config-router)#passive-interface s2/1SanJose1(config-router)#passive-interface f0/0思考，为什么在RIP配置中，对s2/1和f0/0接口应用passive interface语 句，在OSPF中没有配置呢？因为在这些网络中并没有其它RIP主机，在已配置RIP的接口中，对那些不要求 RIP更新的接口应当禁止RIP更新.SanJose1(config-router)#router os 1SanJose1(config-router

7、)#net 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.3 a 0/OSPF邻居间发送并确认更新信息.如果接口的OSPF配置中没有加入包括部分 重叠该接口 IP地址的network语句，OSPF并不会往这个接口发送组播的Hello 分组.配置路由选择后，查看SanJose1的路由表SanJose1#show ip route172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 10 subnets, 3 masksR 172.16.12.0/24 120/1 via 172.16.8.2, 00:00:11, Serial2/2C172.16.8.0/24 is directly c

8、onnected, Serial2/2R172.16.9.0/24 120/1 via 172.16.8.2, 00:00:11, Serial2/2R172.16.10.0/24 120/1via172.16.8.2,00:00:11,Serial2/2R172.16.11.0/24 120/1via172.16.8.2,00:00:11,Serial2/2C 172.16.5.0/30 is directly connected, Serial2/1O172.16.4.1/32 110/65via172.16.5.2,00:17:36,Serial2/1O172.16.1.0/24 110

9、/65via172.16.5.2,00:17:36,Serial2/1O172.16.3.1/32 110/65via172.16.5.2,00:17:36,Serial2/1O172.16.2.1/32 110/65via172.16.5.2,00:17:36,Serial2/1C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 步骤3:在SanJose1上配置重分布，这样除了 172.16.4.0/24以外的路由都被注入到RIP进程中，在SanJose1中用以下命令配置重分布:SanJose1(config)#router rip

10、SanJose1(config-router)#redistribute os 1SanJose1(config-router)#default-metric 2/default-metric的功能：设定引入路由的缺省路由权值.Vista#show ip route172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masksC 172.16.12.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback2C172.16.8.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/1C172.16.9.0/24 i

11、s directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C172.16.10.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0C172.16.11.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback1R172.16.4.1/32120/2via172.16.8.1,00:00:08,Serial2/1R172.16.1.0/24120/2via172.16.8.1,00:00:08,Serial2/1R172.16.3.1/32120/2via172.16.8.1,00:00:08,Serial2/1R172.16.2.1/32

12、120/2via172.16.8.1,00:00:08,Serial2/1/RIPv1上学到OSPF上的路由了,并且发现度量值都是2.有路由但是现在不通, 因为现在是单向的使用路由过滤器，过滤172.16.4.0的路由,命令如下：SanJose1(config)#access-list 10 deny 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255SanJose1(config)#access-list 10 permit anySanJose1(config)#router ripSanJose1(config-router)#distribute-list 10 out s2/2Vista#cl

13、ear ip route *Vista#show ip route172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 8 subnets, 2 masksC172.16.12.0/24 is directly connected,Loopback2C172.16.8.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/1C172.16.9.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C172.16.10.0/24 is directly connected,Loopback0C172.16.11.0/24 is

14、 directly connected,Loopback1R172.16.1.0/24 120/2 via 172.16.8.1,00:00:00,Serial2/1R172.16.3.1/32 120/2 via 172.16.8.1,00:00:00,Serial2/1R172.16.2.1/32 120/2 via 172.16.8.1,00:00:00,Serial2/1/路由过滤已经完成.生成原始度量值可以使得网络中路由选择环路或者黑洞的可能性减少.RIP不 能区分内部和外部重分布路由.当到某一个网络的路由进行了重分布时没有采 用默认度量值，这个网络就会被认为与自制域相连的.提高外部

15、路由的默认度量 值,使之大于内部路由，这种方法虽然简单，却是区分内部路由与高级路由的有 效方法.总的来说，应该保证在重发布命令末尾加上度量值或者设置默认度量值否则， 可能会发布一条有不可达度量值的路由.步骤4:在SonJose1上配置重发布,使得RIPv1的路由可以被注入到OSPF里面.命令如 下:SanJose1(config)#router os 1SanJose1(config-router)#redistribute rip% Only classful networks will be redistributedSanJose1(config-router)#default-metr

16、ic 10现在采用适当的命令过滤网络172.16.12.0/24的通告SanJose1(config)#access-list 20 deny 172.16.12.0 0.0.0.255SanJose1(config)#access-list 20 permit anySanJose1(config)#router os 1SanJose1(config-router)#distribute-list 20 out/注意:当在OSPF中配置分布控制列表的时候不能指定接口. OSPF不允许在特定 接口的出方向使用分布控制列表.因此,OSPF只能配置全局的分布控制列表.RIP 没有这个限制，因此可

17、以如步骤3 一样指定接口和方向.查看OSPF作用域内BayPointe中的路由表.BayPointe没有从RIPv1中学到任何 网络.BayPointe#show ip route172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 2 masksC172.16.4.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Loopback2C172.16.5.0/30isdirectlyconnected,Serial2/1C172.16.1.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0C172.16.2.0/24isdire

18、ctlyconnected,Loopback0C172.16.3.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Loopback1/因为只有当subnets关键字显式配置后,OSPF才能向RIP子网重发布路由.SanJose1(config)#router os 1SanJose1(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets再次查看BayPointe的路由表BayPointe#show ip route172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masksO E2172.16.8.0/24 110/1

19、0 via 172.16.5.1,00:00:18,Serial2/1O E2172.16.9.0/24 110/10 via 172.16.5.1,00:00:18,Serial2/1O E2172.16.10.0/24 110/10 via 172.16.5.1,00:00:18,Serial2/1O E2172.16.11.0/24 110/10 via 172.16.5.1,00:00:18,Serial2/1C172.16.4.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Loopback2C172.16.5.0/30isdirectlyconnected,Serial2/1C17

20、2.16.1.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEthernet0/0C172.16.2.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0C172.16.3.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Loopback1/类型2(E2)的路由来自OSPF自治域外部,并采用类型5的LSA形式重发布进 OSPF./为什么 BayPointe 和 Vista 上没有 192.168.1.0/24 的路由.因为SanJose1上的f0/0接口既没有起用OSPF,也没有启用RIPv1.配置SanJose1,将直连路由作为类型1的外部路由,使用的度量为5000,

21、重分布 进入OSPF,这样BayPointe的路由表就完全完整了 ： SanJose1(config)#router os 1SanJosel(config-router)# redistribute connected subnets metric-type 1 metric 5000 有了吧！BayPointe#show ip route172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 9 subnets, 2 masksO E1 172.16.8.0/24 110/5064 via 172.16.5.1, 00:00:43, Serial2/1O E2 172.1

22、6.9.0/24 110/10 via 172.16.5.1, 00:11:36, Serial2/1O E2172.16.10.0/24 110/10 via 172.16.5.1, 00:11:36, Serial2/1O E2172.16.11.0/24 110/10 via 172.16.5.1, 00:11:36, Serial2/1C172.16.4.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Loopback2C172.16.5.0/30isdirectlyconnected,Serial2/1C172.16.1.0/24isdirectlyconnected,FastEth

23、ernet0/0C172.16.2.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Loopback0C172.16.3.0/24isdirectlyconnected,Loopback1O E1 192.168.1.0/24 110/5064 via 172.16.5.1, 00:00:43, Serial2/1注意它的度量值SanJose1(config)#router ripSanJose1(config-router)#redistribute connectedVista#show ip route172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 8 subn

24、ets, 2 masksC172.16.12.0/24 is directly connected,Loopback2C172.16.8.0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/1C172.16.9.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C172.16.10.0/24 is directly connected,Loopback0C172.16.11.0/24 is directly connected,Loopback1R172.16.1.0/24 120/2 via 172.16.8.1,00:00:09,Serial2/1R172.16.3.1/32 120/2 via 172.16.8.1,00:00:09,Se