ERDAS详细操作

1、 1.影像阅读2.遥感影像分幅裁剪与拼接处理3.影像几何校正及正射影像制作4.影像增强1.影像阅读1.1设置erdas的各种默认参数单击出现1)在ERDASIMAGINE的主菜单栏上找到sessio对话框。1)在ERDAS主菜单上点击图标SelectVieverType区新建一个经典窗口，如下图:whichtypeofviewerwouldyouliketouse?Viewer # # # #ClassicViewerOKGeospatialLightTableCancel # # # #2)在Viewer界面上点击Fileg。Dontaskmethisquestionagain.OpenRa

2、sterLayer,在默认路径中打开 回区JA冒:3liu四个匚XjSelectLayerToAdd:SelectLayerToAdd:FileRasterOptionsMultiple1-3查询像素信息疋匚1已门tImagetoMapSystemSetViewExtent厂FittoF使用杳询功能rNoStretchDataSeeingBackgroundTransparent选择馬肿卩Mnq呼eCrsyr出现下图中的对壬别调整查询指针的上下左右的位置，圆圈表示使X和Y坐标的数值也会跟着作相应的变化。指针瞬的Green:Blue:FileRasterOptions|MultipleLooki

3、n:LayerstoColors:Displayas:True匚口1口3圍旦O已samplesFileUtilityViewADIRasterHelpfldreG.imqflevulandradafl已vulandradaflevulandradaflevulandradafloodtm1473)点击Ras为453后，图象的色lanier.ig(:Layer_4)(:Layer_3)(:Layer_2)FileUtilityViewAOIRasterHelpjPflare2.imqijjfloodplain,imgiJInaspect.imjPflare.3.imq忆germtm.imqInc

4、lump.imc聲图层的红绿蓝三个波段的分配。将原来的43改皿啲yplareS.imq盘IF5.AR_M.atch.imgijjInhydro.imgjPIFS.AR_Flef.imgInldkes.imgIJZQABIIQGQniLhJJmriSdIbme # #Viewer#1:lanier.(:Layer_4)(:Layer_5)(:Layer_3)Fil-IJt.jlit.yVifrDIRasterHelp改变查询指选择UtilityInquireC业InquireColorInquireColor:0KCancelHelpVL河1240795.000000_:y-13799370.0

5、00000”mefers黄色,则查询指针的十字框的颜色由白色变为了黄色。Projection:UTMClarke1066=3Bp=.；FileUtilityViewAOIRasterHelp240795.000000lViewer#1:lanier.(:Layer_4)(:Layer_5)(:Layer_3)改变查询指针的形状选择UtilityfInquireShape，呈现的滚再点击UseCursorbutton,然后点击A量测Map通过这个工具可以实现在所在图层中I和面积。InquireIcon:(Kcursor)circle,cursor:ion:.cursor,240795.00000

6、0圆形的长FILEPXEL30.0003200049.000micircle,cursoreast,cursornorth,cursornortheast,cursornnrthAest.cursorsouth,cursorsoutheast,cursorcursorJcursorsUseIconUseCursorHelp3WV也创110000莎二IHelp # 选择Viewlanier.i*gJ的图层的顺序。Cl&afDispl-ay并且可以在下图中拖动图层调整排1)打Display项取消，即不清除视窗中已经打开的图像，使得多个图层能够在一个窗口中存在和切换。 # # # #FileUtil

7、ityViewADIRasterHelpFileUtilityViewAOIRasterHelp # # # #lanier.ilanier.ilarJArrangeLayersVieverflgjiTffilanier.img(:Ldyer_4jlanier.img(:Ldyer_3)H心ldnier.irngi：Ldyer2Insoils,img(:Layer_1) # # #我们可丿利用放大镜选择by者直接点击mioseApply 选择不同位实活动的缩放上的的四个缩放匕范围但是窗口之间的连接I眄奔I勺功能。通.有目的性I勺任意位置51IFileUtilityViewAOIRasterHe

8、lp(:Layer_l)IFileUtilityViewAOIRasterHelp # ieer#1:lanier.isl.Vieer#2:lnsoils.i. # # # #FileUtilityViewADIRasterHelpFileUtilityViewADIRasterHelp # # # #Link/UnlinkInstructions1.5调整影像对比度wninaViewertolink/unlinkwithcurrentViewer.当图像显示出来的时候RasterIContrastIBright你可以利用线形的对照等一系列方法来加强图像。选择/COnast/Clickingi

9、nthisViewerwilllinkwithcurrentViewerClickinginthisViewerwillunlinkwithcurrentVieweriHlIxFileUtilityViewADIRasterHelpContrastToolForlanier.Bg声：Breakpoints._AutoApplyHelp100100 # # #中的1.6栅格的属性编辑改变颜色属性选择RasterfAttributes，出现以态，然后在color这栏点右键选扌变颜色。 # # # #| 2)使图层首先用View|ArraFileEditHelp虛處行噩議LayerNumber:卩F

10、lowClassNamesColorOpacityHist0BG01ALTAVISTASANDYLOAM,2-S%II1=2APPLINGSANDYLOAM,2-613APPLINGSANDYLOAM,6-1014APPLINGSANDYLOAMJ0-1515AUGUSTALOAM16CARTECAY&CHEWACUSOILSII1Layers工具使Insoilimg在Lain.img上面，然后选择Color锁定Opacity使颜色不透明，若不锁定则你所选择的颜色成了透明的，透明度根据你设定的而同。3)编辑圆柱图的属性点击图标出现编辑圆柱图的对话框4）生成统计表右键点击红色的-柱形状代表的总和

11、表示平均值，StddESCoIuahPropertiesColumns:|匚4：述卜21已：i：ColorFledGreenBlue0pacifyHistogramFe匚已门taqeHectares.AcresErosionPermeablitySuitablityDUValue0”，可以看到满足条件的都呈现出了黄色，而不满足的为白色。0冈册陀富LmeiNunbffl.弓Co4wGreenlueOoacibrHiftoaiamPeieMmeHectaiesAcres1603MJ039G.3M0OOSSK22410755.3HM071000.35000fl23ft-21A.S1Tssoiia?f

12、l.THMC24ao12D6rlK295KH7M32E07100071CMJCM販盂362科2D.2300D.OOOQ533販他9脏059CD0.0X019261E6.1540.5600D.390fl09B6STX233.2690.731D.DQOO1ES7EQ紳in?9esaooooD.OOOQ1甬ITOoco10DOOOQfflOS遥感影像分幅裁剪2.1规则LiilaiJ-PACELOTSANmrL0AM.153SSubsetD已hmtion:CreateNewImage.CreateSurface.SubsetImage.Imag已G已匚ii已tiuCorrection.MosaicIm

13、ages.UnsupervisedClassification.33993S-HQQE)033：Oowgo03100QmiuOLZffiOqprop盂DQTOaBGalTAViSTaSanDYlOwm佛.APFVINGSANDYLOAM.2-EKAPPLINGANDYLOAM.G-1DSAPPtIMGSANCmOAM.IO-IKAUGUSTALOAMCAfiTECAY&CHEWflCLASOUSEEC1L5ANU7LCAM.却6鑑EEULSAHIJfLDAM.&1DXOECLC3丫LOAM.列临CHESTATEESTOWSNDYLOAM.15-25CHEWM*LDAMtFRECI.FLOODE

14、DOHEWAOLAWtHADffECtJMFLEKGWINNETT匚LtfTLQAM.fi-1DS.ERODEDGMNMETTCLAfLOAMJIO-2K.ERODEHIWASSEELOAM.HIWASSEELOAM.6-104hi55eeLOAM.1O-1KHWASSEE匚LftLOAM.Z-WRaDEDLQUISBUR&SANPfLOAM.1Q-2KMADSONSANDYLOAM.2能坞岸I密貯N年即閱膨钢晰/藝凶埔.101曲MADISONSANDYLDAM.15-25SJitADlSOMMhl：LAfLOAM.6-10.E剪5ONfNPvCL7LaiM.-0-1K.EMUSEUMC0B8

15、LYCLAYLDM.閒软QMQO0*70005SC007500a97mQ&3000OCCij29C67DOOMrgw扎II1|Cg4(mRedLabJGiewii耐伽Mjde|HE口p*am)ma|8yCb：|oonLamiPwcenisigeHccrsraw(|FirwHons:7845125iE()PACELOTSOlLSjU-15.ERODEDTOCCtM.5OIL5_WICKHAMSANDYU3AM.2-E-g(:Layer_2)FileUtilityViewFileUtilityViewAOIRasterHelpOutputFile:(x.img)FileVieitmatlanta_

16、georef.imgResampleMethod:PintError:X0.1927|Y0.3993(TotalOutputMapInformation:丫Ref.1345756.0571356079.5441364695.3861367003.5071345760.1551344776.3121340350.1391345100.2361364355.579ControlControlControlControlControlCheckCheckCheckCheckProjection:Units:Numberrows:StatePlane512Numbercolumns:5146.0959

17、.9109.9416.5728.1073.2193.0238.760ULX391123.000000亠LRX:446527.000000亠ULY:1379712.000000亠LRY:1324524.000000亠FromInquireBoxOutputCorners:OutputCellSizes:比较重采样后的tm图像和二个窗口也会跟着移动，口全色图像,连接两个窗口后随着第一个窗口查询框的移动，第 3.2正摄影/3.2.1校正相a.打开psjNAPPb.检查地图模型 #在进行几何纠正之前，必须确Model为None，则确定了图eo.f认这幅图像没有地图模型，下图中MapInfo这栏中的像已

18、经没有了模型。 # # c.选择几何校正模型模型PolynomialRgpi咖ctRubberSheetingCameraLapdgat像仿射变换（不做投形变换）多頑式变换（同时徹投形变换）投形变换（转换调用多项式变换）至线形罪均匀变换多项式变换在卫星图像校正过程中用的比较多，在调用多项式模型方数，次方数与所需的最少控制点数是相关的，计算公式为（t.方数，即1次方需要3个控制点，2次方需要6个控制点，3次方航空影像正射校正Landsat卫星图像正轴校正啄的次正时，需&帀*（t+2）/2需要10个控制点。d.几何校正选点模式 #以亠儿出仅it狀忌樱现月合又 # #ViewertoViewer:E

19、xistingViewerImagELayer(NewViewer)VectorLaver(NewViewerJAnnotationLayer週匕wyj亡wer)FiletoViewer；GCPFile(*.gcc)ASCI!FileMaptoViewer:DigitizingTablet(Current)DigitizingTablet(New)KeyboardOnly视窗采直模式；在已经打幵的视窗中采恵在新打开的阁像视窗中采点在新打幵的矢瓏视窗中采点.在新打幵的注记规窗尊延点文件采点模式，在控制点文件中读点在曲口！码文件中腹点地图采点模式：在半前数字化仪上采虑在新配置数寧化仪上采点_通过键

20、盘输入j空制占 # #4-所列的三类几何校正采点模武，分别应用于不同的情况”吹囂畫常極校正图像区域的数宇地鼠或经过校正的现或注记圏层的话，就可地二老斗J驚采点模式八宜接以裁字地图、或经过校正的图像、或注记图层作为地理参考，在另一个视窗中打幵相应的蠱据层，从中采集控制点。黑严已经通过GPS测曇彌影测氐皴其它途径玮了控制点的坐标数据并保有；驚営I皿那E的控制点文柠格梵或心CU数据文件的话，就应该调用第二种类型（丈杵寢鑫模式,直接柱数据文件中读取控制点坐标匕J蠶囂算不:算豐硬捷贝甌图或坐标紙柞为拱考的话好采用第三种:在鶯警;警二土先图上选点杠算坐鼠然后通过鍵盘输入坐标确要&在地图上赴点后，借助数字化

21、仪来采集控制点坐标， d.进行几何校正首先要设置相机模型参数和基准，选取图像的4个角点位基准点，如下图所示 # #输入了胶片的坐标以后，动基准点的位置来改变这改变投影方式Deete.Datumrarne：RenarrieIITMZone:UFITHor!：；UUTH:UanceGeneralStandardCustomProiectionType:HnheroidNarne:IIII应用并保存为.gms的文件。d.启动地面控制点工具和计算中误差!GCPTool:(Input:resuple.gcc)(Reference:pa_caera.gcc)rileVipwEditHelp0X廉癒zz?f

22、ControlPointError:(X)0.7278苗0.6083(Total)0.9486Pointtt匚dlorXInput丫InputXRef.丫Ref.ZRef.XResidua1401.178850.167808.0212101.550-2214.532571.726544657.897542301.251541939.3153740719.7723740224.4793747260.594118.872132.588103.366ControlControlControle.重采样4重采样过程1270.1011687.2951271.888-590.503校正图像像画;值计算生成

23、一I种最常Das里1,663三544030.350545737.266校正图像过程I用的重采采样羊万法：丘3744286.4003747269.691原图像所有的【插值法，双线147.218159.105数据层都D性插值法ControlControlControlCuntrulControl和立方卷积值法165.4251525.153539516.8993743200.150459.000Controlf.校正iD&IB|&：Viever#1:geoModel.Mg(:Band_1)OutputCellSizes:I30.000000亠7ki.OOOOOO厶IFileUtilityViewA0

24、IRasterHelpOutputFile:(ximq)ResampleMethod:resample,imq逼MearesfNeighboFFrojectiun:UTMUnits:metersNumberrows:2488Numbercolumns:335OutputMapInformation:ULX:533535.000000*LRX：548559.000000亠ULY:3749360.000000二|LRY：3739912.000000二|FromInquireBoxOutputCorners: # # File园讥ViewHelpBand1叫ill，GeneraijProjectio

25、n|Histogram|LayerName:Band_1FileType:IMAGINEImageLastModified:ThuAug1204:16:411999NumberofLayers:1PixeldataGCPTableFileInfo:4影像增强Width:2294Height:2294Type:ContinuousBlockWidth:64BlockHeight:64DataType:Unsigned8-bitCompression:NoneDataOrder:BILPyramidLayerAlgorithm:IMAGINE2X2ResamplingMin:0Max:247hie

26、an:119.622Median:124Mode:129Std.Dev:20.472SkipFactorX:22SkipFactorY:22LastModified:ThuAug1204:16:431999LayerInfo:StatisticsInfo:4.1影像空间加强a.MapInfo:(File)设置Convolution并确认两幅图像都UpperLeftX:1.0UpperLeftY:2294.0LowerRightX:2294.0LowerRightY:1.0存在PixelSizeX:1.0Unit:metersPixelSizeY:1.0Geo.Model:MapInfoInputFile:(Kimg)OutputFile:(Kimg)Kern已ISelectionKernelLibrary:(K.klb)Kernel:default,klb3x3EdgeDetectcurTvulve.img_|usrp_pr