学习被动语态的用 (2)

1、学习被动语态的用法-来宾市象州县象州镇初级中学 洪萍 被动语态是初中英语学习阶段必学的语法知识，每年中考必考的内容。因此掌握被动语态的用法是很有必要的。 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态(The Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一 形式和用法A 形式： 1） 把主动的时态变成被动的方法是把动词to be 变成原来的主动态动词的时态，再加上主动动词的过去分词：主动态：We keep the meat there.我们把肉保存在那儿。被动态：The meat is kept there.肉保存

2、在那儿。主动态：You broke the light.你们打坏了灯。被动态：The light is broken.灯被打坏了。主动态：People have seen tigers in the street. 人们在街上看到虎。被动态：Tigers have been seen in the street .在街上看到虎。注意进行时态的被动态。这种语态有时似乎难以使用，因为它要求用to be 的现在进行时，这种形式在其它方面用得不多。主动态：The workers are repairing the bridge.工人们在修桥。被动态：The bridge is being repair

3、ed. 桥正在修理。主动态：They were carrying the injured player off the field.那时他们正把受伤的选手抬出比赛场地。被动态：The injured player was being carried off the field.当时受伤的选手正被抬出比赛场地。 在被动中其它进行时态用得非常少。因此象下列这类句子通常不能写成被动态： They have /had been repairing the road.（当时）他们一直在修理这条路。 They will /would be repairing the road .他们将要修理这条路。2）助

4、动词+不定式结构可利用不定式的被动式来构成被动语态：主动态：You must shut the door .你必须把门关上。被动态：The door must be shut .这门必须关上。主动态：You ought to open the windows.你应该把这些窗户打开。被动态：The windows ought to be opened.这些窗户应该打开。主动态：They should have told him.他们应该告诉他是。（不定式的完成主动式）被动态：He should have been told . 应该告诉他才是。（不定式的完成被动式） 注意以下结构： His de

5、cision is to be regretted .= We regret his decision .他的决定令人感动遗憾。=我们对他的决定感动遗憾。 If he is to be believed=If we believe him如果要相信他=如果我们相信他3） 动名词的被动态由 being+过去分词构成，例如： 主动态：I remember my father taking me to the zoo.我记得我父亲曾带我去动物园。 被动态：I remember being taken to the zoo by my father.我记得我父亲曾带我去动物园。4) 主、被动时态对照表

6、：时态/动词形式 主动态 被动态一般现在时 keeps is kept现在进行时 is keeping is being kept一般过去时 kept was kept 过去进行时 was keeping was being kept现在完成时 has kept has been kept过去完成时 had kept had been kept 将来时 will keep will be kept条件语气 would keep would be kept条件语气完成式 would have kept would have been kept不定式完成式 to keep to be kept 现

7、在分词/动名词 keeping to be kept分词完成式 having kept having been keptB.用法： 在英语中当强调已做的事情本身比强调行为者更方便或更需要时，或在行为者不清楚时就用被动语态：My watch was stolen. (我的手表被偷) 比Thieves stole my watch .（窃贼偷了我的表）更常用。 注意：在理论上一个含有直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，例如：Someone gave her a dog.(有人送给她一条狗。)可以有两种被动语态形式： She was given a dog.有人送给她一条狗。 A dog was given

8、to her.一条狗赠给了她。 第一种形式常用得多，即把间接宾语变成被动态动词的主语。与被动态动词连用的介词A. 在被动句中常不提及行为者。在提到时要在它的前面加 by: 主动态：Mike pained this picture.迈克画了这张画。 被动态： This picture was pained by Mike. 这张画是迈克画的。 主动态：Who wrote it ？谁写的这个？ 被动态：Who was it written by ?这是谁写的？ 主动态：What caused this crack?是什么原因造成了这条裂缝？ 被动态：What was this crack caus

9、ed by ?这条裂缝是什么造成的？ 但必须注意下列句子的被动态形式： Smoke filled the room. 烟充满了房间。 The room was filled with smoke .房间里充满了烟。 Paint covered the lock . 油漆涂在锁上。 The lock was covered with paint.锁涂上了油漆。 这里说的只是所使用的材料而不是人。B.当动词+介词+宾语结构变成被动态时，介词直接跟在动词后面： 主动态：We must write to him.我们必须给他写信。 被动态：He must be written to.必须给他写信。 主

10、动态： You can play with these bears quite safely.你和这些熊仔玩不会又危险。 被动态：These bears can be played with quite safely.和这些熊仔玩不会又危险。动词+介词/副词结构也同样如此： 主动态：They threw away the old newspapers.他们把旧报纸扔了。 被动态：The old newspapers were thrown away. 旧报纸给扔了。 主动态：He looked after the children well.他对孩子们照料得很好。 被动态: The child

11、ren were looked after well .孩子们被照料得很好。被动态动词后的不定式结构A. 在acknowledge ,assume ,believe, claim, consider, estimate, feel, find, know, presume, report, say, think, understand等词之后： People think/consider/know that he is .这类句子有两种被动态形式： It is thought/consider/known that he is He is thought/consider/known to b

12、e.同样： People said that he was jealous of her. 人们说他妒忌她。 =It was said that he was jealous of her. 据说他妒忌她。 或He was said to be jealous of her. 据说他妒忌她。 在这两种结构中，不定式结构比较简单。它主要用于 to be, 尽管有时其它动词的不定式也可以这样用： He is thought to have information which will be useful to the police. 据认为他掌握了对警察有用的情况。 当句中意思涉及到以前的行为时则

13、使用不定式的完成式，因此： People know that he was = It is known that he was 或He is known to have been People believed that he was It was believe that he was 或 He was believed to have been这种结构可与任何动词的不定式的完成式连用。）在suppose 的被动态后可以接任何动词的不定式的一般式，但这种结构通常含有责任，义务的意思，因此并不是suppose 的主动态的正常对应形式：You are supposed to know how t

14、o drive. It is your duty to know how to drive . You should know how to drive . 你应该知道如何开车。知道如何开车是你的责任你应该知道如何开车。但He is supposed to be in Paris. 可能指：He ought to be there. （他应该在那里）或People suppose he is there.（人们猜想他在那里）。）suppose的被动态同样可以和任何动词的不定式完成式连用。这种结构可以有责任，义务的含义，但也常常没有这种含义：You are supposed to have fi

15、nished. You should have finished. 你早就应该完成了。但He is supposed to have escaped disguised as a woman. People suppose that he escaped据猜测他是乔装打扮成女人逃跑的。必须注意用在被动动词后面的不定式通常是完全不定式，即带to的不定式：主动态：We saw them go out. 我们看见他们出去了。被动态：They were seen to go out. 有人看见他们走出去。主动态：He made us work. 他逼我们干活。被动态：We were made to w

16、ork. 我们被逼干活。然而在使用let时被动句中的不定式不带：主动态：They let us go. 他们让我们走。被动态：We were let go . 我们被允许离开。在think, know,believe,understand, report,say,suppose等词 的被动式后可使用不定式的进行式：He is thoughtknownbelievesaidsuppose to be living abroad.People think/knowbelievesaysuppose that he is living abroad.据认为（据知，据信，据猜测）他住在国外。You a

17、re supposed to be working . You should be working . 你应该在工作。也可用不定式的完成进行式：He is believed to have been waiting for a message. People believe that he was waiting for a message. 据信他一直在等待消息。You are supposed to have been working . You should have been working . 你应该一直工作。练习：按要求变换句型。1. George invented the pot

18、ato chips in 1863.(改为被动语态)The potato chips_ _ by George in 1863.2. The emperor Shen Nong discovered tea. (改为被动语态)Tea _ _ _the emperor Shen Nong.3. This machine was invented by a college student in 2006.(改为主动语态)A college student _ _ _ in 2006.4. The song has sung three times by Lily.(改为主动语态 )Lily _ _the song three times.5. America was discovered by Columbus.(就划线部分提问)Whom _ America _ _ ?6