阐述方法 解决问题

1、问题解决型及变体方法阐述类问题解决型作文要求考生首先明确提出存在的问题,指出这一问题的危害或解决这一问 题的紧迫性;然后对问题展开分析，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施;最后表明自己对这一问 题的态度或建议等。问题解决型作文的话题主要涉及环境污染、能源危机、淡水资源缺乏、 少年犯罪、人才流失、身体健康等问题。阐述方法类标题多以How开头，命题提纲一般先提出某个问题、目标或重要的事情， 然后要求说明如何解决该问题、实现该目标或做成该事，最后可能要求谈谈自身情况或个人 看法。其重点一般在于“对方法的说明”而不涉及对危害的分析，只需强调实现目标或做成 该事的必要性。写法一（一）文章结构一段:提出问题；指

2、出问题的意义及其重要性二段:分析问题三段:解决问题的方法模板一During recent years, the topic of（事实/现象）has aroused public attention and become more and more popular.Undoubtedly/ No doubt that（总述问题的重要性）.First,（作用一）.Second,.（作用二）However, it should be mentioned that（分析问题的意义或原因）. （进 一步分析其意义）.Therefore, it is of high significance/ it i

3、s high time that（解决问题）.In the first place, （解决方法一）.Furthermore, .（解决方法二）.Only in this way（解决问题）.写法二（一）行文思路a）第一段：提出问题概括提出问题或要实现的目标一一具体描述问题、目标或其重要性一一强调解决问 题或实现目标的必要性或紧迫性。b）第二段：说明方法可以具体写方法，也可以写解决问题或实现目标时的决定性因素。写2-3点，不一 定每点都展开说明。c）第三段：阐述个人看法。如题目要求比较具体（如结合自身情况），按要求写，写自己会采用的方法。如未 做要求或只要求谈看法，可以发表评论，强调解决问题的

4、重要性以及应注意事项， 或提出建议/希望。（二）模板a）第一段：提出问题1）As many people know/ It is generally accepted that/ Nowadays/ In modern society, 总述该问题.2）表现一/危害一/解决问题的作用一。3）Additionally/However,. 表现二/危害二/解决问题的作用二4）Therefore, how to 解决该问题 is worth paying more attention to by 存在该问题 的人群。/ Therefore, more attention should be paid

5、 to 该问题b）第二段：说明方法/因素1）The following ways can be adopted / Some effective measures have been taken to 解决该问题或 Many a factor plays an important role in （解决）该问题或 There are a lot of things/factors we/you have to think about 处理该问题时2）Above all/ First of all/ To start with/ Firstly,方法一/因素一。3）Whats more/ Mor

6、eover/ Then/ Secondly,方法二/因素二。4）In addition/ Besides/Thirdly/ Finally,方法三/因素三。c）第三段：阐述观点题目要求给出“我”的看法1）As for me/ As far as I am concerned, “我”1的建议或看法2）“我的理由一。3）Besides/ In addition, “我”的理由二。4）All in all/ Therefore,总结全文。题目没具体要求1）No doubt/ Of course/ From my point of view,对该问题做出总体评价2）However,强调解决问题的重要

7、性或 It is worth noting that应该注意的事项。3）Also,进一步描述问题的重要性/注意事项。4）In conclusion,总结全文。As is well known,（提出问题）.It is obvious that （原因一）.Additionally, （原因二）.So how to（解决问题）is worth paying attention to.First of all, （解决方法一 ）.In addition, （解决方法二）.Whafs more, （解决方法三）.In fact, ways to（解决问题）are countless. It is n

8、ecessary that（采取措施解决问 题）.（三）模板示例2010.12 真题Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Hel p Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切；为了让孩子独立，父母应该分析题目: 为提纲式作文，要求第一点提出一个社会

9、问题，也可称为一个不好的社会现象。第二点要求 说明改变该现象的方法。段落安排：题目虽然两点，为保文章结构合理，仍采用三段模式第一段：描述问题一一讲述目前有些父母为孩子包办一切这一现象，可简述父母这样做的原 因及弊端；第二段：说明方法一一给家长提出几个帮助孩子独立的建议； 第三段：阐述观点对观点进行总结套用模板的范文：How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?1) Nowadays, some parents micro-manage every detail of their childrens life. 2) For exampl

10、e, they do all the chores, schedule their kids studies and activities, fill out university applications for their young, even attend job interviews or blind dates for their adult children. 3) However, this type of parenting ultimately hinders their childrens independence and problem-solving abilitie

11、s. 4) Therefore, more attention should be paid to help children to be self-reliant.1) The following ways can be adopted to help their children develop independence. 2) Firstly, parents should resist the urge to jump in and give their children more responsibility and decision-making power so that the

12、y may develop an internal locus of control 内在控制).3) Secondly, parents can teach their children to ask for what they need and support them in being accountable for their decision. 4) Thirdly, parents can set clear boundaries and provide their children with advice and guidance.1) Of course, learning t

13、o be independent is a long process. 2) However, it is favorable to the childrens development in the long run. 3) Also, the parents must learn to stop over-parenting. 4) In conclusion, as long as parents follow the advice mentioned above, its not hard to raise children to become independent adults.19

14、97.6 真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Getting to Know the World Outside the CamYou should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline given below:大学生了解社会的必要性。了解社会的途径(大众媒介、社会服务等)我打算怎么做。分析题目：提纲式命题。第一点要求指出一个

15、问题的必要性，第二点要求说明解决该问题的途径，第三 点要求提出自己的解决方法。段落安排：第一段：描述问题一一指出大学生了解社会的必要性 第二段：说明方法一一具体列举了解社会的各种途径 第三段：阐述观点一一说明“我”是怎样了解社会的套用模板的范文：Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus1) It is generally accepted that getting to know the world outside the campus is of great significance to university students. 2) Nec

16、essarily, university students should keep pace with this fast-developing society so as to broaden their horizons and make better decision. 3) Additionally, they can get more practical skills and be more sophisticated through the contact with the outside world. 4) Therefore, how to know the world out

17、side the campus is worth more attention.1) The following ways can be adopted to learn about the society. 2) Firstly, mass media like newspaper and the Internet can provide the latest new. 3) Secondly, participating in social activities that the universities organize is an ideal way to know the socie

18、ty. 4) Thirdly, taking part-time jobs can help college students contact more with the society.1) As for me, I get to know the outside world mostly by doing part-time job. 2) Various people can share my views and let me know the society through vivid examples. 3) Besides, I can earn money to cover my

19、 daily expenditure. 4) All in all, it is necessary for college students to take suitable measures to know the world outside the campus.Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How I Finance My College Education You should write at least 120 words following

20、 the outline given below.大学的费用(tuition and fees)可以通过多种途径解决哪种途径适合我(说明理由)参考答案：How I Finance My College EducationThere has been a discussion recently about how to finance university tuition and fees. It is obvious that the past decade has witnessed a steady rise in university tuition and fees. Besides,

21、 due to the high tuition and fees, students from the poor families are likely to fail to afford it and lose the opportunity for further education. Therefore, it is high time that ways shoulbde found to finance college education.First of all, the main financial support comes from parents and other fa

22、mily members. For all the years it is they who give the students courage and determination to hold on. Secondly, students can borrow money from the banks, which has become convenient especially in recent years. Finally, doing part-time jobs is also a wise choice, by which the students can not only e

23、arn money, but also combine textbook knowledge with social experience.Personally, I would like to choose the second method to finance my college education. For one thing, I don t want to put too much burden on my retired parents. For one thing, I would like to concentrate on my studies and lay the f

24、oundations for my future career. All in all, we should choose a suitable way to finance our college education, but we must bear in mind that study is our major task.Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Save Water Resources You should write at le

25、ast 120 wordsfollowing the outline given below.目前水资源正在以惊人速度迅速减少，水资源减少将产生严重问题我们应怎么做才能保护水资源参考答案：How to Save Water ResourcesIt is generally accepted that water is the source of life. Without water, anything in the world will not survive. However, at present our water resources are disappearing at a fas

26、t speed. It is reported that in China, the lack of supply quantity of water resources reaches 6 billion mDirections: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an essay entitled How to Reduce Cheating in Exams. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words following the

27、outline given below:. Therefore, how to save water resources is worth paying attention to.Many a factor play an important role in solvinghis problem. First, we should cultivate water-saving awareness and should regard it disgraceful to waste water. Second, we should save water in our daily life, for

28、 example, turning off the tap after washing. Third, the water bill should be raised to discourage people to waste water.As far as I am concerned, those factories that pollute water resources should be punished severely or even be closed. This is because industrial pollution can usually destroy a lar

29、ge area of water. What s more, once water is polluted, it will difficult to recover. Therefore, we should try our best to protect water from being wrongly used or being polluted.Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled We Should Balance Our Love. You shoul

30、d write at least 120 words following the outline given below.现在有很多人关心下一代超过关心上一代这一现象带来什么问题你认为应该怎么做We Should Balance Our LoveAs is well known, it is common to see that many parents focus their attention on their children, but leave their own parents without proper care in recent years. The most typica

31、l example is the phenomenon of empty nest seniors. This problem has aroused the public concern and has become the hot topic of many discussions.Paying little attention to older parents can have serious consequences. First of all, the elderly often feel lonely and depressed if there is no child with

32、whom they can talk, and this can have a bad effect on their mental health. In addition, the aged parents with no children by their sides can have a lot of trouble in their daily life due to disease or old age.In fact, ways to solve this problem are countless. In my opinion, we should take the follow

33、ing measures. It is necessary that children should be encouraged to live with or near their old parents, which is very helpful for them to know their parents, concern and attend their daily life. And it is also necessary for them to create chances to communicate with their aged parents. Besides, our

34、 government should strive to establish the service system for the elderly and expand its social insurance coverage among them.练习题：Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write an essay entitled HoW to Protect the Environment. You should write at least 120 words but no more than

35、180 words following the outline given below:1）近年环境破坏现象十分严重；2）如何保护环境，减少自然灾害 参考范文：How to Protect the EnvironmentNowadays, with the economic development, the environment has suffered great destruction. Mounting natural disasters occurred, which brought about tremendous economic loss. Additionally, wors

36、ening environment has a harmful effect on people2 1）近几年来学生作弊现象很严重； 2）如何减少作弊现象 参考范文：How to Reduce Cheating in Exams Nowadays, there are quite a few students cheating in exams. Doubtlessly, cheating in exams leads to unfairness. Additionally, it will mislead the teachers to have a wrong judgment of te

37、aching achievements. Therefore, how to reduce cheating in exams is worth paying more attention to. The following ways can be adopted to prevent students from cheating in exams. Above all, teachers should explain to students the harmfulness brought by cheating. Moreover, effective measures should be

38、taken against cheating, for instance, punishment or penalties. In addition, both parents and teachers should exert less pressure on students. From my point of view, students who cheat to get high scores are mainly for fear of falling s health. Therefore, how to protect our environment is worth payin

39、g more attention to.The following ways can be adopted to protect the environment and reduce natural disasters. Above all, we should put a stop to some bad behavior such as littering and destroying trees and lawns, spread knowledge about environmental ethics and raise people7 s awareness of environme

40、ntal protection. Moreover, the government should strengthen regulations concerning environmental protection and make enterprises realize that they should take their social responsibilities and it is unwise to seek economic development at the expense of the environment. In addition, the international

41、 cooperation should also play an important role in protecting the environment.No doubt, the protection of the environment is an urgent issue at present. It is encouraging to note that a growing number of people have realized the significance of environmental protection and begun to pursue a “green”

42、life. Also, more and more enterprises start to develop or adopt environmental-friendly techniques. In conclusion, with our joint efforts, the world will be more beautiful.short of their parentsDirection: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How to Promote Green C

43、onsumption. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words following the outline given below. 绿色消费的概念在中国日渐流行 中国推行绿色消费还存在许多困难 如何解决这个问题How to Promote Green ConsumptionDuring recent years, the conception of green consumption has gradually become popular in China. More and more green foo

44、ds are making their appearance on the market and more and more people are becoming conscious of environmental protection.However, there still exist quite a few difficulties in the further promotion of green consumption. On the one hand, many people are still not quite clear of the advantages of gree

45、n foods. On the other hand, due to high profits, many fake green foods are found in the market. Moreover, many consumers dont want to pay extra money for green foods.There may be several ways to solve these problems. In the first place, the government should supervise the good quality strictly to protect consumers7 interests. Furthermore, the conception of green consumption should be further promoted and emphasized. In addition, the government should work together with m