如何做好主旨大意题

1、阅读理解第一讲 如何做好主旨大意题 讲师：高翔地位：阅读理解是中考英语试卷中的重头戏，是初中英语新课程标准的集中体现，占分比例较大，在总分120分的中考英语试卷中占30至50分，是应该极为重视的题型之一。英语要想拿高分，对阅读理解题就一定不能忽视。阅读材料的特点：1.阅读文章不少于三篇，阅读量在1000单词左右；2.题材广泛，有科普，社会，文化，政治，经济等；3.体裁多样，有记叙文，说明文，应用文等；考查形式：选择，是非判断，阅读填空，回答问题，完成句子，翻译，填写表格，图文配对，改写句子等等。如何做好中考中的阅读理解呢第一、排除心理障碍。第二、带问题阅读。第三、切忌一个词一个词割裂地理解，或

2、将无关的词硬凑在一起理解，以致无法获取句子语义及特定语境中篇章的意义，造成信息流中断，曲解或偏离题意。第四、善于抓关键句和主题句。第五、充分利用语篇中的文字或图表形式等基本信息，准确捕捉关键事实细节，归纳出主旨大意，领会全文的逻辑关系，弄清作者的写作意图等，进行推理判断，挖掘字里行间的深层内涵。第六、完成选择时，看其是否与文中内容相矛盾，有无文中信息支持点，再有就是看它是否完全符合题目的要求；如果让你判断其标题的话，要看文章表达的是人还是事，从而推断其标题内容。所有的选项必须以文章为基础，不要随意发挥想像或联想。第七、忌忽略时间。第八、要有良好的阅读习惯。第九、是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“

3、三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要受到惯势思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不要所答非所问。阅读理解的考查角度1.主旨大意题-考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。2.细节题-考查把握文章的细节的能力。3.词义猜测题- 考查根据上下文猜测生词的含义的能力。4.推断题-考查依据短文内容和考生应有的常识进行推理和判断的能力。如何做好主旨大意题？考查主旨大意的题目大多数针对段落（或短文）的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式有：(1)Whichisthebestt

4、itleofthepassage? (2)Whichofthefollowingisthispassageabout? (3)Inthispassagethewritertriestotellusthat_. (4)Thepassagetellsusthat_.(5)Thispassagemainlytalksabout_. 解题的方法技巧：如何获取段落的主旨和大意？ 最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。在一篇

5、短文或一个段落中，大部分主题句的情况有三种：1）主题句在段首或篇首。 主题句在段首或篇首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文，议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。2）主题句在段末或篇末。 用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概述性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于段末或篇末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结，归纳或结论。3）无主题句。有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句。这时我们应该怎样来确定文章的主题或中心意思呢？其实这也不难。我们可以首先找出每一段的中心意思，各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者说是来说明一个问题的。这个中心或这个问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。另外：一篇文

6、章的主题句也会出现在其中的任何一段中。（2014山东滨州）D65.The passage is written to . A. show you how computer works B. introduce a French Kitchen C. teach you how to cook French food D. tell you the importance of language learning（篇首）What do you think of a “talking kitchen”? A French Digital Kitchen has been developed at N

7、ewcastle University in the UK. It teaches students how to cook French food and speak French at the same time. For the first time, students can learn the language by the following cooking steps主题句主旨大意：本文主要是介绍“会说话的厨房”。这是一款法语数字厨房，该厨房可以在教使用者做饭的同时教授法语。选B【2013 湖北黄冈】(4)任务型阅读阅读上面短文，根据短文内容完成下面表格中的有关信息。Many p

8、eople believe that life has smiled to Yang Mi: at the age of 4, she got her first TV play role; at 16, she became a model for a fashion magazine; at 18, she went to her dream college Beijing Film Academy. Last year, the 24-year-old actress played bad girl Luo Qingchuan in the time-travelling TV play

9、, Palace. The play became a big success and made Yang very famous.Could she be any luckier? Yang doesnt think luck had anything to do with her success. “Every chance is gained ( 获得）from the efforts Ive made,” said Yang. People now think shes very hard-working. She still remembers the time when peopl

10、e gave her the cold eyes.At the age of 79She became the ambassador for the Climate Group.Yang Mi is successful now because she 80 .80. 【解析】主旨大意题 通读全文可知：杨幂的成功是通过努力的工作。 is (very) hard-working./ works (very) hard./makes efforts. / has made efforts 【主题句【2013黑龙江哈尔滨】(C)根据短文内容判断正、误。( ) 60. From this passag

11、e, we know we have our own advantages in all situations, though we are different.考查内容：掌握主旨大意的能力。方法技巧：找到主题句。（篇尾）“Are you OK?” ask Oliver. Cherub laughed happily, “That was the most interesting trip ever! you save me just now, Oliver. I am lucky to have you as my friend!” Olivers face turned red. “I g

12、uess being different can be pretty cool in some situations,” Oliver said. “That is what I tried to tell you,” Cherub smiled.由段尾中的主题句知主旨大意：在一些情况下每人都有自己的优点，而不是在所有情况下，故选B。主题句【2011河南省】B55. What does the passage tell us?A. Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping.B. Changing positions will cause

13、 sleeping problems.C. Sleeping positions show peoples secret personalities.D. Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier.考查内容：掌握主旨大意的能力。方法技巧：找到主题句。（篇首）Everyone has got two personalities (性格) the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You dont show your secret

14、personality when youre awake because you can control yourself, but when youre asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, you often change your sleeping positions. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.主题句（

15、篇尾）If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced (平衡的) personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. Youre usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel worried, but you dont often get unhappy. You always say what you think, even if it makes people an

16、gry.从段首、尾找到的主题句的意义不一致，无法确定短文的主旨大意。可能是无主题句，得通读全文才能知其主旨。（第二段）If you go to sleep on your back, youre a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas. You dont like to make people unhappy, so you never express your real feelings. Youre quite shy and you arent ver

17、y confident.主题句主题句（第三段）If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets. You worry a lot and youre always easily becoming sad. You never want to change your ideas, but you are satisfied with your life the way it is. You usually live for today not for tomorrow. （第四段）If you sle

18、ep on curled up (蜷缩), you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive. Youre shy and you dont usually like meeting people. You like to be on your own.由各段主题句归纳短文大意为：不同的睡姿，展示不同的内在性格特征。55. What does the pas

19、sage tell us?A. Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping. B. Changing positions will cause sleeping problems. C. Sleeping positions show peoples secret personalities.D. Enough sleep makes people look better and healthier. 答案：C。主题句主题句【2013山东莱芜】七、阅读表达C. 请给短文拟一个适当的标题。85. _（篇首）A life coach is s

20、omebody who helps you reach all kinds of personal and professional goals (目标) . Each of us has the ability to be our own life coach. Here are some tips for you: Pay attention to your relationships with othersAsk yourself the following questions: How do you deal with disagreements? When was the last time you showed your family members that you care for them? Your relationships with friends, family members and teachers show a lot about the kind of person you are.解题的方法技巧：找到主题句做文章的标题。85.答案：