2015年江西高考新题型--短文填空解题技巧

1、2014语法填空解题技巧会昌中学 饶君玲1、阅读/理解语篇的能力;2、分析句子结构的能力;3、熟练运用语法的能力。1. 语法填空题能力要求Whats the usual way you fulfill the task Grammar Filling?三步完成: 概读理解 分析填空 连贯检查语 法词法句法章法惯用法思考：面对语法填空中如此繁杂的语法点，我们到底该怎样入手呢? Group Work Discuss with your group members about garmmar of blanks from 21to 30 .讨论归纳语法填空以要求根据上下文填入一个以动词(verb)（

2、或其适当形式）、名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、冠词(article)、介词(prep.)、情态动词(modal verbs)、连词(conj)或引导词、形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.) 考查各项语法内容。 3.语法填空题空格设计纯空格介词，连词，代词，冠词，从句引导词，情态动词，助动词等有提示词谓语动词，非谓语动词，名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级3.The little boy pulled 33_ right hand out of the pocket 冠词或(物主)代词 无提示词 可数名词单数之前1. There once were a goat and

3、 a donkey. So the farmer killed 40_ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart. 2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was 35_ shy , nervous perfectionist. the a his考查语法点: 定冠词,不定冠词, 物主代词的用法讨论归纳归纳总结：如果句子基本结构完整，空格后面是名词（尤其是单数名词），前面无限定词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a/

4、the)、不定代词(any, no, some, all, every.)和形容词性物主代词(my, her, their, its)，名词所有格等进行修饰。 连词或从句引导词 无提示词两个主谓结构连接 1. It was not long 39_ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw. 2. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _ it was impossible t

5、o control it. before考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词,引导词的用法讨论归纳 找出谓语动词；分清楚句子层次 理清分句关系；克服干扰，划掉修饰成分but归纳总结：1从句子结构考虑，如果空格前后都有句子。则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。表原因：because, for ,since 等表结果：so, therefore ,hence, thus 等表递进：further, furthermore, moreover, in addition 等表转折：but, nevertheless, however,yet,While ,althouhgh,though等2 如

6、果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词 that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why (引导定语从句) that, whether, if, whose, which, who, what, when, where, how, why (引导名词性从句) when, before, after, until, while, because, so, if, unless, although, as (引导状语从句)and ,or but (连接并列句）介词 无提示词 与名词相连构成介宾短语

7、担任状语,补语, 表语等 与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语1. In short, I believe that it is 39_ great use to keep a dairy in English 2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back 34_the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen. of at考查语法点: 介词的基本用法及惯用搭配讨论归纳归纳总结名词或代词前面的空格也可能填介词。如句子

8、不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。介词可位于名词之前 如：at night ,on Sunday 也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in ,be good at还可位于不及物动词之后，如 listen to ,arrive at ,look for 特殊句式结构1 She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 2 Little_ we know his life. 3 _ cold was the weathe

9、r that we had to stay at home.4 I _ go to the station to meet her but I didnt see her.5 It was in the street _I met an old classmate of mine the other day.itdoSodidthat归纳总结由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词1 由it is .that. 强调句型2由it 作形式主语或宾语的句式3 sosuch .that.句型4 构成倒装条件的only, so ,neither, nor, never,hardly, seldom,not u

10、ntil,had 等5 强调谓语动词要填do,does, did. 有提示词的解题技巧分析句子结构上下文语境谓语动词（时态和语态）非谓语动词名词，形容词，副词，形容词或副词的比较级或最高级有提示词动词给出的提示词为动词时，我们应首先分析句子结构，判断该动词在句中是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，或者是否需要转换词性等，然后再具体解题。 谓语动词 有提示词 与主语构成主谓结构1. I was certain she would like it because I 39 _ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food. 2. His fear of fa

11、ilure 36_ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. was told kept考查语法点: 谓语动词的时态及语态, 及主谓一致讨论归纳技巧1 ：句中没有谓语，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致，且中间有并列或转折连词时，需填的词则是谓语动词。时态考虑要瞻前顾后。例1. That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, _(close) m

12、y book and walked away. closed 例2. All over the world, people move from place to place. More and more people_ (leave) towns and farms to move to cities.This movement(move) to cities is called urbanization. are leaving 例3. Smaller cars are just one of the directions that the car industry is taking. A

13、lso the industry _(produce) cars that pollute less and have a less harmful effect on the environment these days. is producing例4. Nobody knows what _(happen) if she had refused to pay.would have happened例5. The international agreement, intended to encourage children not to smoke and _ (help) people k

14、ick the habit, _ (sign) on February 27 last summer.helpwas signed例6. The happiest (happy) of people dont necessarily (necessary)have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that _(come) along their way. comes例7. .The country life he was used to _ （change ）greatly since the open

15、ing policy was carried out.has changed非谓语动词 有提示词 除谓语动词以外的动词形式1. We must also consider the reaction of the person 32_ (receive) the gift. 2. I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left _ (complete) the rest! 3. My pupils, Donnie 40_ (include), adored her. receiving to complete included考查语法点: 非谓语动词

16、及变形的使用讨论归纳技巧2 ：若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用 doing形式，done形式，还是 to do 形式。非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间 的关系。例10. but it is not enough only _(memorize) rules from a grammar book.to memorize 例11. _(speak) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrarySpeaking 注意 ：作主语或宾语时，通常用doin

17、g / being done形式表示习惯或一般情况； 用to do / to be done形式表示具体情况或将来；作状语用having done / having been done表示已发生。例12. _(complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day.To complete 例14. Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _(success.)to succ

18、eed 注意 ：作目的状语或者在固定结构中，一般用to do形式。例13. The young student did all that he could _ (pass)the examinations.to pass例15. He saw the stone, _(say) to himself: “The night willl be very dark.”saying 注意 ：分词作伴随状语，原因状语，条件状语等时，要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。例16. There will be a meeting, _(start) later this year to review the f

19、ilm.learned 注意 ：分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰词之间的关系确定形式。starting 例17. .Lessons_(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. 例18. At 9:07pm, Sept.25, The Shenzhou VII spacecraft was lifted by the long March -F carrier rocket into space. The launch of the Shenzhou VII is Chinas third manned space

20、 venture since October 23, when it joined Russia and the United States as the only countries _(send) astronauts itno space. 注意 ：名词前有 first, second,last, only修饰时，后面要用to do / to have done 做后置定语。to have sent the only例19. Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _（repair） go wro

21、ng again.注意 ：固定结构如： have sth. done , see sth. done, the way to do 等。repaired例20. Can you tell me the way you thought of _ (work )out the problem.to work词性转换 有提示词 介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子1. “Thirty-five cents,” she said 36_ (rude). 2. One of the 33_ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for

22、my high school English teacher 5. As far as I am concerned, my 37 _ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach. rudely worst suggestion考查语法点: 各类词性的正确使用及转化讨论归纳技巧2 ：词类转换题要先确定在句中的成分。dangerous例19. In a _(danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand

23、, they learnt to 例20. There must be something_ (serious) wrong with our society.seriouslyvarieties例21. . Zheng Shouying, a professor at the Ford Science and Technology College of Nanjing Agriculture University, believes Chinese should learn to pick the best milk from the _(vary) that fill store shel

24、ves.harder例23. The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could. He jumped even _(hard) and finally made himself out.unnecessary例22. Your mistake caused a lot of _(necessity) work in the office.请用刚刚总结的考点,尝试用下面的短文,进行语法填空的命题1 挖出你认为会考的10个空； 2 注明理由（比如：介词+名词）； 3 时间：3分钟。 More than 220 people were killed

25、 in the fire which destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months before the fire; it was Sao Paulos newest building. All the 25 floors of the office building were completely destroyed. The fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worke

26、d in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. No one knows how the fire started. Perhaps it was started by an electrical fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, but it was impossible to control

27、it. Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above to escape. 考点分布考点数量动词(谓语/非谓语)名词连词(从属连词/并列连词)介词代词冠词形容词副词 More than 220 people were killed in the fire _1_ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only a few months _2_ the

28、 fire; it was Sao Paulos newest building. All the 25 _3_ of the office building were completely destroyed. _4_ fire also destroyed cars which belonged to people who worked in the building. Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire _5_on the 11th floor. _6_knows how the fire started.

29、 Perhaps it was started by an _7_(electricity) fire in the ceiling of one of the offices. Office workers tried to put out the fire, _8_ it was impossible to control _9_ . Soon the whole floor was on fire and it was impossible for people on the floors above _10_(escape). One possible version More than 220 people were killed in the fire _ destroyed the Capital Building on February 4th, 1974. The building was finished only