名词性从句M3

1、Unit 2 Grammar and usageNoun clauses基本句型：1. 主+系+表The weather is very cold.Her face turned red.2. 主+谓Spring comes late this year.We have lived in the city for ten years.3. 主+谓+宾I like popular music.She is reading English.He has decided to work harder.4. 主+谓+间宾+直宾He teaches us chemistry.Please tell me

2、 your telephone number.Please show me your photos.5. 主+谓+宾+宾补My father has two men working for him.The news made her very happy.We must keep the room clean.在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词His j

3、ob is important.What he does is important.主语 This is his job.This is what he does every day.表语I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.宾语I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.同位语1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语1) That he will succeed is certain.2) Whether

4、 he will go there is not known.3) What he said is not true.4) Its certain that he will succeed.2.宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）1) They know that the habit will kill them. It all depends on whether they will support us.3) He asked how much I paid for the violin.3. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词

5、之后。作用：对主语进行解释说明。1. The question is whether we can rely on him. 2. He looked as if he was going to cry.3. Thats because we were in need of money at that time. 4. Thats why I was late.4. 同位语从句：从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea; belief; effect; truth; problem; news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。1) The idea that compute

6、rs can recognize human voices surprises many people.2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.判断下列从句的类型1. That the earth is round is a fact. 2. Mrs. Black wont believe that her son has become a thief. 3. My idea is that we should do it right now.4. I had no idea that you were her

7、 friend.主宾表同5. The question is whether it is worth doing.6. Some people feel that Wales is an ancient fairy land.7. That he will come is certain. 8. Why he did it wasnt quite clear.表宾主主名词性从句中的连接词有:从属连词：that, whether, if, as if连接代词：what, who, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever连接副词:

8、where, when, why, how, wherever, whenever1. that引导的名词性从句that只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，本身没有词义。 that在主语从句中主句冗长，为避免句子头重脚轻，经常用 it 作形式主语, that引导真正的主语从句。1. It + be + adj. ( true, certain, possible, obvious, likely) that2. It + be +noun phrase (no wonder, an honour, a pity,) that3. It+ be + past participle

9、(said, reported, expected, announced) that4. It + seems/appears that.5. It doesnt matter that it 作形式主语的句型:2) that在宾语从句中在主+谓+it（形式宾语）+宾补+that从句（真正宾语）的句型中，that不可以省略。谓语动词是think, make, consider, find, feel, believe等。We must make it clear that we mean what we say.2. 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中, 第二个that 不省略。

10、He told me (that) he would come and that he would come on time.3. that 从句一般不能充当介词宾语，但可以作except, in 等介词的宾语。He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 3) 一般情况下，“that”在表语从句中不能省。My decision is that all of us

11、are to start at 6 tomorrow morning. 4) that 引导的同位语从句应位于抽象名词之后，对前面的名词进行补充说明，在从句中不充当任何成分，不能省略。名词suggestion, advice, order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形, should可省略。2. whether / if 引导的名词性从句whether与if 均为“是否”的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether。 whether引导主语从句并放在句首。 2. 在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”。3.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if。4. 常与 o

12、r not 连用；if 则不可。 5. 后接动词不定式 时。把下列句子改成含有名词性从句的复合句They are good doctors. He told us. 2. He hadnt said anything at the meeting. The fact surprised us.He told us that they were good doctors.The fact that he hadnt said anything at the meeting surprised us.总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用that引导。3.Does your sister g

13、et up early? I dont know. 4.Do animals have the same senses as humans? I often wonder. I dont know if/ whether your sister gets up early.I often wonder if/ whether animals have the same senses as humans.总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用 if 或whether引导。5.When did he buy this new bike? Could you tell me? 6.My q

14、uestion is this. Where will the lecture be given?Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?My question is where the lecture will be given.总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词引导，用陈述语序。疑问词引导的名词性从句疑问代词：what, which, who, whose通常在从句中作主语，表语和宾语。疑问副词：when, where, why, how通常在从句中作状语（时间状语，地点状语，原因状语或方式状语）。1.

15、疑问词引导的名词性从句要用陈述语序。2. 任何情况下疑问词都不能省略。当名词性从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来时，我们用疑问词引导。_ he said at the meeting confused everyone present.他在会上说的话让在场的每一个人都糊涂了。 疑问代词what在主语从句中作said的宾语。What 2. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him. 小孩的妈妈给他什么他就吃什么。 疑问代词whatever在宾语从句中作gave的宾语。3. The problem is _ I should turn to for help.问题是

16、我应该向谁求助。疑问代词who/ whom在表语从句中作to的宾语。who/ whomwhatever4. _ we will go skating is up to you.我们什么时候去滑冰由你决定。 疑问副词when在主语从句中作时间状语。5. There is a doubt _ they managed to travel to the moon.疑问是他们如何设法到地球上旅行的。疑问副词how在同位语从句中作方式状语。howWhen what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用例如：(1) What you said y

17、esterday is right.(2) That she is still alive is a wonder.what 与 that 引导主语从句 注: 1. 同位语从句多用that引导2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句. I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.Grammar and usage (2)preparatory subject it Look at the following sentences and f

18、ind the real subject of each sentence.1. It is important for us to learn it well.2. It is important that we should learn English well today.3. It is no use wasting your time reading such books all day.名词性从句中两个易错问题词序问题When will he go to Beijing is unknown.When he will go to Beijing is unknown.名词性从句总是用陈述句语序。2. 时态问题1) 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时, 从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。He believes 请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。Please tell me tha