大学医学英语

1、Chapter 4 Plastic Surgery共三十五页Presentation1. How much does ones charming exterior matter? 2. Will you use laser skin resurfacing to perfect your skin or as an anti-aging remedy？共三十五页Chapter 4 Plastic Surgery1. Vocabulary2. Listening3. Text analysis4. Assignment共三十五页TABLE 1 Prefixes for DegreePREFIXM

2、EANINGEXAMPLEDEFINITION OF EXAMPLEolig/ofew, scantyoligomenorrheaa scanty menstrual flow (men/o)经量异常pan-allpanaceapnsi:remedy that cures all ills; a cure-all治百病的药super-*above, excesssupernumeraryin excess number共三十五页TABLE2 Prefixes for Size and ComparisonPREFIXMEANINGEXAMPLEDEFINITION OF EXAMPLEequi

3、-equal, sameequilateralhaving equal sides等边的，等面的hetero-other, different, unequalheterosexualpertaining to the opposite sex异性恋的；异性的homo-,homeo-same, unchanginghomothermicmaintaining a constant body temperature(root therm/o); warm blooded恒温的iso-equal, sameisograftaisr:ftgraft between two genetically i

4、dentical individuals同基因移植物macro-large, abnormally largemacrocytemkrsaitextremely large red blood cell大红细胞共三十五页TABLE3 Prefixes for Size and Comparison, continuedPREFIXMEANINGEXAMPLEDEFINITION OF EXAMPLEmega-,*megalolarge; abnormally largemegabladderenlargement of the bladder膀胱扩张micro-smallmicroscopic

5、extremely small; visible only through a microscope显微镜的neo-newNeonateni:neta newborn infant新生儿哺乳动物normonormalnormovolemian:mvli:minormal blood volume血量正常orthostraight, correct, uprightorthotic:tikCorrecting or prevcnting deformities矫正的*Mega- also means “one million” as in megahertz.Micro- also means

6、“one millionth” as in microsecond.共三十五页TABLE4 Prefixes for Size and Comparison, continuedPREFIXMEANINGEXAMPLEDEFINITION OF EXAMPLEpoikilo-varied; irregularpoikilodermapikilud:m皮肤异色病pseudo-falsepseudoplegiafalse paralysis (suffix -plegia)假麻痹，假瘫re-again; backregurgitationbackward or return flow, as of

7、 blood orstomach contents回流；反刍共三十五页TABLE5 Prefixes for Time and/or PositionPREFIXMEANINGEXAMPLEDEFINITION OF EXAMPLEante-beforeantenatalntineitlbefore birth产前pre-before, in front ofpredisposingleading toward a condition, such as disease使易于患（病）pro-before, in front ofprodromeprudrumsymptom that preced

8、es a disease前驱症状post-after, behindpostmenopausalpustmenup:zlafter menopauseadj.（妇女）绝经后的共三十五页TABLE6 Prefixes for PositionPREFIXMEANINGEXAMPLEDEFINITION OF EXAMPLEdextr/orightDextrocardiadekstrk:djlocation of the heart (cardi/o) in th右位心e right side of the chestsinistr/oleftsinistradsinistrdtoward the

9、 leftadv.向左ec-,ecto-out; outsideectodermektud:moutermost layer of the developing embryo外胚层ex/oaway from; outsideexciseto cut out切除，删去共三十五页TABLE7 Prefixes for Position ContinuedPREFIXMEANINGEXAMPLEDEFINITION OF EXAMPLEend/o-in; withinEndoscopeenduskupdevice for viewing the inside of a cavity ororgan内

10、窥镜mes/omiddlemesencephalonmesenseflnmidbrain中脑syn-,sym-(used beforeb, m, p,)togetherSynapsesnpsa junction between two nerve cells(神经元的)突触tel/e-, tel/o-endtelangiona terminal vessel (root angi/o)终动脉共三十五页Cosmetic Technology Development Trend共三十五页Question:What kind of plastic surgery do you know?a nose

11、 joba face liftlaser resurfacingbreast augmentation (隆胸)hyaluronic acid injection(注射(zhsh)玻尿酸)tummy tuck（腹部拉皮手术）botox (肉毒素）(to remove wrinkles)liposuction (to remove fat)共三十五页Face liftBefore and after共三十五页Hyaluronic acid injection(注射(zhsh)玻尿酸)共三十五页Tummy tuck（腹部(f b)拉皮手术）共三十五页共三十五页2. Listening共三十五页Br

12、ow liftWatch the video 1 and choose the best answer:Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the video as one of the factors that can affect the appearance of the skin over time?Getting old B. Stress C. EnvironmentD. SmokingAs is mentioned in the video, which of the following can a brow lift help

13、to correct?A. Puffy lower eyelid “bags”B. Crows feetC. Furrowed lines across the foreheadD. Sagging eyebrows and eyelids.Keys: D C共三十五页Listen to the same passage and fill in the blanks.The skin, _, is a fairly _ tissue. However, _ can affect the appearance of the skin over time.A surgical procedure

14、called a brow lift can help correct _, as well as _ and across the forehead that result from aging. During a brow lift, and incision is made _ and the skin of the forehead and brow is freed from the _. While the skin is lifted, fat and, if necessary, excess skin is removed. Following the surgery the

15、 incisions _ in the hairline and the face is left with a more youthful appearance.共三十五页Listen to the same passage and fill in the blanks.The skin, the bodys largest organ, is a fairly resilient and elastic tissue. However, aging, stress, and environment factors can affect the appearance of the skin

16、over time.A surgical procedure called a brow lift can help correct sagging eyebrows , as well as furrowed lines between the eyebrows and across the forehead that result from aging. During a brow lift, and incision is made in the hairline and the skin of the forehead and brow is freed from the underl

17、ying tissues. While the skin is lifted, fat and, if necessary, excess skin is removed. Following the surgery the incisions are generally hidden in the hairline and the face is left with a more youthful appearance.共三十五页Text AnalysisQuestions questing details for text A:1. What are some common plastic

18、 surgeries performed on the face?Full face lift, the lower mid face lift and the mini lift.2. What is the difference between traditional face lift and endoscopic surgery?Traditional face lift surgery requires a longer recovery procedure than endoscopic surgery. The surgical technique depends on the

19、patient.共三十五页Questions questing details for text A:3. What types of anesthesia are commonly used during skin-related surgical procedures?Local anesthesia is commonly applied. However, combination of local anesthesia and sedation, and general anesthesia are also used due to different operational proc

20、edures.4. What surgical techniques are used to avoid visible scars?In face lift surgery, incisions are most commonly made under the hair line, in the crease of ear or around the ear lobe.共三十五页共三十五页Laser skin ResurfacingWatch the video 2 and decide whether the following information is True or FalseTh

21、e skin is composed of two layers of tissue.Aging, hormonal changes, diet and exposure to UV radiation are mentioned in the video as possible causes of dehydration of the skin.Decrease of elastin in the dermis makes the skin wrinkle and sag.According to the video, the procedure of laser skin resurfac

22、ing creates new healthy epidermal tissue.Keys: FFTF共三十五页Watch the video again and complete the following summary.The skin consists of _, with the outside layer called _ and the layer beneath called _. The maintenance of skins resiliency is dependent on _ and a fiber called _. Various factors can cau

23、se _ of the skin, which reduces the amount of elastin and causes skin to _ resulting in _ and saggy skin.Laser skin resurfacing removes damaged tissue by _ the top layer of the skin cells to reveal _ beneath. With the damaged tissue destroyed and removed , healthy underlying epidermal tissue is _.共三

24、十五页Watch the video again and complete the following summary.The skin consists of many layers of tissue, with the outside layer called the epidemic and the layer beneath called the dermis. The maintenance of skins resiliency is dependent on water and a fiber called elastin. Various factors can cause

25、dehydration of the skin, which reduces the amount of elastin and causes skin to lose its flexibility resulting in unwanted wrinkles and saggy skin.Laser skin resurfacing removes damaged tissue by vaporizing the top layer of the skin cells to reveal younger, tighter skin beneath. With the damaged tis

26、sue destroyed and removed , healthy underlying epidermal tissue is exposed.共三十五页Text AnalysisQuestions questing details for text B:1. What can laser skin resurfacing improve?The appearance of fine lines or wrinkles, scars and hyperpigmentation.2. How do skin treatments work?Usually a layer of skin i

27、s removed so that the new skin can flourish and fill in the wrinkles and crevices.共三十五页Questions questing details for text B:3. Name all the skin resurfacing techniques mentioned in the text.There are ablative lasers, non-ablative lasers, fractionated lasers, intense pulsed light (IPL) and photo rej

28、uvenation.4. What are the side effects of laser skin resurfacing?The side effects include swelling, mild discomfort, bleeding, burns and other injuries associated with the lasers heat, scarring, abnormal pigmentation and infection. In rare cases, dormant viruses such as herpes may be triggered to re

29、activate by laser treatment.共三十五页Botulinum Toxin Type AWatch the video 3 and decide whether the following information is True or FalseWhen a small amount of Botox is injected into a muscle, it can accelerate the conduction of nerve signals.It can be inferred that unprocessed toxin produced by the Clostridium botulinum bacteria can be used for cosmetic purpose.Botulinum Toxin Type A is legal in the US for treating frown lines in people under 65.Common side effects of Botox use include bruising, drooping mouth and eyelids, skin rash, headache and allergic reaction.As