人教版高中英语必修第一册Unit4《Natural disasters SectiomⅡ》精品课件

1、UNIT 4NATURAL DISASTERSSection Discovering Useful Structures单元语法精析夯基提能作业单元语法精析语法点拨一、定语从句的概述在复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语、句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的成分叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有两种：关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格为whom，所有格为whose)等，关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词有三个作用：引导从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中作成分。关系代词引导的定语从句The people whom y

2、ou met on the campus yesterday are from England.你昨天在大学校园里见到的那些人来自英国。He is reading a book which is written by Lu Xun.他正在读一本鲁迅写的书。二、关系代词的用法1关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们的具体使用情况如下表所示：关系词先行词在从句中充当的成分备注关系代词who人主语、宾语whom, which和that在从句中作宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面的关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that和whowhom人宾语which物主语、宾语t

3、hat人或物主语、宾语、表语whose人或物定语whosen.then.of which/whomof which/whomthen.(先行词指人时用whom，指物时用which)2在定语从句中，使用关系代词时我们应该考虑两点：一是先行词是“人”还是“物”；二是关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分。He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一个说话算话的人。(先行词指人，关系代词who/that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语)Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher?你们班有谁的父亲是老

4、师？(先行词指人，关系代词whose引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作定语)To be frank, I dont like the movie (which/that) you recommended to me yesterday.坦率地讲，我不喜欢你昨天推荐给我的那部影片。(先行词指物，关系代词which/that引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，可省略)关系代词在从句中作主语时，根据先行词的单复数确定从句谓语动词的单复数。He is the only one of the students who knows French in our class.他是我们班里唯一懂法语的学生。(the o

5、nly one为先行词)He is one of the students who know French in our class.他是我们班里懂法语的学生之一。(students为先行词)whose还是which关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，无论指人还是指物，都要用whose，而不能用which。Thats the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen.那是一台零件小到看不见的新机器。Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is worldfamous?你看过泰坦尼克

6、号这部电影吗？它的男主角是世界著名的。关系词，引定从，它们的用法各不同。that可作主宾表，指人指物它都行。which专来指物用，主语、宾语它也能。who和whom来指人，whom仅作宾语用。whose一词作定语，指人指物都管用。用定语从句合并句子I live next door to a couple.Their children often make a lot of noise._The man is from Peking University.I talked about the man at the meeting._I live next door to a couple who

7、se children often make a lot of noise.The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Peking University.The boy is sitting on the chair.The boy is my brother._The city is near the sea.The city is very beautiful._The boy who/that is sitting on the chair is my brother.The city which/that

8、 is near the sea is very beautiful.三、关系代词that与which的用法辨析1关系代词用that而不用which的情况(1)当先行词是all, much, anything, nothing, everything，little, none等不定代词时或先行词被all，much，any，no，every，some，little等不定代词修饰时She told me everything that she knew.她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。(2)先行词既有人又有物时I can remember well the persons and some pict

9、ures that I saw in the room.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。(3)先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。(4)先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。(5)先行词为the last, the only, the very, the same等或被这些词修饰时Mr. Smith

10、is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。This is the very room that I slept in that evening.这正是我那天晚上睡觉的房间。the same.as与the same.that的区别一般情况下，the same.as指的是与先行词同类的事物/人，而the same.that与先行词指的是同一个事物/人。This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。(同一类，表相似)This is the same pen that I

11、borrowed from Mr Li.这就是我从李老师那里借的钢笔。(同一物，表同一)(6)主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Which is the true story that he told us?他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真实的？2关系代词用which而不用that的情况(1)先行词为that时Whats that which is under the desk?桌子底下的那个东西是什么？Its a football.那是一个足球。(2)关系代词前有介词时This is the room in which he lives.这是他住的房间。(3)引导非限制性定语从句时Tom

12、 came back, which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。强调句与定语从句的区别It was the student that/who asked the silly question.就是这个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。(强调句)He was the student who asked the silly question.他就是那个问了愚蠢问题的学生。(定语从句)选词填空(that/which)Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.Have you any bo

13、oks _ are worth reading?This is the best film _ I have ever seen.Im going to talk about the countries and people _ I have visited.Bamboo is hollow, _ makes it very light.thatthatthatthatwhich专项练习单句语法填空1The old town has narrow streets and small houses _ are built close to each other.2She has a gift f

14、or creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.3The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination.4Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.that/whichwhich/thatwh

15、osewho/whom/that5Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on.6I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault.7Jack is the most intelligent man _ Ive ever met.8As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather

16、.9Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ (wear) evening dress.10I have the same magazine _ you bought just now.that/whichthatthat/who/whomwhichwearsas完成句子1This is the magazine _.这就是我最喜欢的那本杂志。2The girl _ is one of my classmates.正在唱歌的女孩是我的一个同学。3Were talking about the pian

17、o and the pianist _ _.我们正在讨论昨晚见到的钢琴和钢琴家。(that/which) I like bestwho/that is singing(that) we saw last night 4Everything _ has been done.应当做的事情已经做了。5This afternoon well go to see the photo show _ _.今天下午我们要去看你们参观过的照片展。6Ill tell you _.我要告诉你他上周告诉我的一切。7That tree _ looks very beautiful.那棵开着淡红色的花的树看起来很漂亮。t

18、hat should be done(that/which) you have visited all (that) he told me last weekwhose flowers are light red8The girl _ is Toms sister.他们正在谈论的女孩是汤姆的妹妹。9Can you lend me the book _?你能借给我你昨天买的那本书吗？10Is this the factory _ the other day?这是你那天参观过的那家工厂吗？(who/whom/that) they are talking about(that/which) you bought yesterdaythat/which you visited使用定语从句简要介绍你的家人和你。1我父亲在本市非常著名的一家医院工作。(which/that)2我的母亲就在我上学的那所学校教数学。(that)3她喜欢看著名演员主演的电视剧。(whose)4我是一个热爱篮球的男孩。(who)5我有几个经常一起打篮球的好朋友。(who