人教版英语必修四

1、人教版英语必修四Unit 1 Women of achievement 重难点Teaching goals 教学目标1 Target language 目标语言a. 重点词汇achieve, achievement, condition, welfare, institute, connection, campaign, organization, specialist, behave, behavior, worthwhile, nest, observe, observation, respect, argue, entertainment, inspire, support, devot

2、e . tob. 重点句子Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. P2Everybody sits and waits while the animals in the group begin to wake up and move. P2But the evening makes it all worthwhile. P2. we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. P2Only after her mother

3、 came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. P2For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. P22 Ability goals 能力目标a. Learn Warming Up, and know how to tell the great women and the famous wome

4、n.b. Learn the way to describe a person from what the person did, what she/he looks like and so on.3 Learning ability goals 学能目标Teach Ss how to describe a person.Teaching important points 教学重点 a. By reading A protector of African wildlife, students can learn from Jane Goodall in at least two aspects

5、: one is what is the humane way to study animals; the other is that it was her great personality - universal love and mercy（博爱与慈悲 ）that made her successful. If everyone had such kind of heart, they would give everything benefit for all living things. Then our world will be full of love and peace, wi

6、thout any war and starvation.b. Ask students to answer these questions: 1) What made her a great success?2) What should we learn from Jane Goodall?Teaching difficult points 教学难点Let everyone believe that all of us can become Jane Goodall.【词汇用法和解析】1achieve v. 完成，达到；实现，获得e.g He will never achieve anyth

7、ing if he doesnt work hard. The company has achieved a 100% increase in profitability. achievement： un. 完成；达到 cn. 成绩；成就e.g We felt a great sense of achievement when we reached the top of the mountain. He has broken two world records in one day, which is quite an achievement. 2connection: 1). cn./ un

8、. 联系；关系 (with/between) e.g There is a strong connection between smoking and heart disease. The company has a connection with a number of Japanese firms.2). cn. 连接物e.g This town has very good road and railway connections with the coast.3). Un. 连接，联结e.g The connection of the popes to the main water su

9、pply only took a few minutes.4). cn. Pl. 亲属；亲戚 She s English but she has Irish connections.in connection with: 有关e.g In connection with your request of March 3, we are sorry to tell you that we cant give you a reply until the manager comes back next week.3devote to devoted: adj. 忠实的 devotion: n. 热爱，

10、忠诚e.g He has devoted his life to helping blind people. He is my devoted friend. He is also devoted to his wife.4behave: v. behavior :n. e.g She has been behaving rather oddly. Behave yourself.5worthwhile : adj. e.g We had a long wait, but it was worthwhile because we got the ticket. Worthwhile: 值得花时

11、间/精力/金钱 Worth: 值得尊敬的/重视的 be worth+ n. /doing Worthy: （表语形容词）值得的 be worthy of +n./being done; Be worthy to be done 1). This vase was _ five hundred francs at the most. 2). Everybody has roots. It is _ to search for his roots. 3). She proved herself a _ successor of the former champion. 4). This book

12、is well _ reading and it is _ of being read a second time.Keys: 1). Worth 2). Worthwhile 3). Worthy 4). Worth; worthy6observe: v. 看到，注意到；遵守/奉行 Observe sb. do/doing sth. Observe thate.g I observed a stranger going into the house. Do you often observe the speed limit?7respect: n. v. e.g We should resp

13、ect each other. Respectful: 恭敬的，对人有礼的 Respectable; 受/被人尊重e.g He is a respectful student. He respects the teachers. He is respectable teacher. He is respected by all his students.8argue v. argue with/over/aboute.g He often argues with me.极力说服；劝告e.g She argued him into/out of leaving his job. Argument

14、: n. e.g His argument doesnt hold water.9inspire e.g He tried to inspire them to greater efforts. inspired / inspiring : adj. inspiration: n.inspire sb. to do eg. His speech inspired us greatly. The teacher inspired us to make greater efforts. The memory of his childhood inspired his first novel(促成；

15、赋予灵感) inspired 有灵感的 inspiring激励人心的10support : v. 承受；支撑；抚养，资助；赞成，支持；e.g do you think those shelves can support so many books?She needs a high income to support such a large family.Do you support their demands of independence? Supporter: n. e.g Im a strong supporter of womens rights.11deliver: v. 传送；把

16、.踢向；发表，宣布；给接生e.g Letters are delivered every day. She delivered a hard kick to his knee. The doctor delivered her baby. Delivery: n.12mean的用法 Mean doing sth. 意味着做 eg. Doing such a thing means wasting time. mean to do sth 打算做某事 eg. Do you mean to go without money?13wander的用法 1）可以解释为漫步，逛，常与about搭配 e.g

17、 We love wandering about the hills 2）还可以解释为脱离，迷失 e.g Dont wander off the point13worthwhile adj. 值得做的,值得花时间(金钱)的 It is worthwhile to do/ doing e.gIt was worthwhile to visit Paris. = The visit to Paris is worthwhile. 去巴黎访问是值得的. Its worthwhile discussing/ to discuss the question again. 这个问题值得再讨论一下。 It

18、is a worthwhile book 那是一本值得一读的书.14observe 观察到，注意到 eg.She observed his actions with interest. 她很感兴趣地观察他的行动 His neighbour observed a stranger go into his house 他的邻居看到了一个陌生人进入他的家15“Only + 状语”开头的句子要用倒装 eg. Only in this way can we learn English better Only then did I realize my mistake. 直到那时我才知道我的错误 Only

19、 you understand me. I met her only yesterday.16work out eg. I cant work out the meaning of the poem.(理解，说出) Things have worked out badly. （进行，发展） Work out his income （算出） Work out a plan （制定，拟定）17have/ has been doing 现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去就已开始，一直持续到现在，可能还会继续下去 eg. He has been reading since this morning.今早起

20、，他一直在看书 He is very tired; he has been working hard all day He has been writing a letter.他一直在写信 He has written a letter.他已写过信了18argue 争论；辩论；说服 argue for / argue against 主张反对 argue about sth. argue with sb. argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人做某事【语法精讲】：主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is

21、going abroad. They are playing football.可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.如: Air as well as water

22、is matter. 空气和水都是物质.No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knif

23、e and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teach

24、er and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓

25、语动词仍用复数. 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。8. 名词如: trousers, sc

26、issors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night ; 以及The United Nations

27、 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。(二) 内容一致原则: 1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时

28、,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车， 今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plent

29、y of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3. 加减乘除用单数.如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距

30、离。5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如: The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:The committee has/ha

31、ve decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:The injured were saved after the fire.(三) 就近原则1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。Where is your wife and ch

32、ildren to stay while you are away?你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？2. 用连词or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词

33、为复数。如：Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。主谓一致练与析：请用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。1. Three years _ (have) passed since they met last time, and for them, three years_ (be)

34、really a long time. 2. _ (be) everybody going to take part in the game this afternoon?3. My family _ (be) the largest one in our village. Besides, my family _ (be) all party members.4. The whole class _ (be) now listening to the teacher attentively.5. The news _ (be) very exciting.6. To learn one or

35、 two foreign languages _ (be) very important nowadays.7. The last and most difficult lesson _ (be) Lesson 14.8. I, who _ your friend, will try my best to help you.9. The scientist and engineer _ (have) invented a new machine. 10. Alice，together with her friends，_ (be) punished for having broken the

36、school rules. 11. Every girl and every boy _ (have) the right to join the club. 12. _ (be) either she or you to go and attend the meeting?Neither she nor I_(be).13. Ancient and modern history _ (be) the subjects we are studying.14. Many a scientist _ (have) devoted their lives to science.15. The old

37、 _ (be) respected in our country.答案与解析：1. have; is。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量的复数名词表示单位数量用作主语时，通常看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式（第二空）; 若强调数目，谓语动词用复数形式（第一空）。2. Is。不定代词anyone, anybody, anything, everyone, everybody, everything, someone, somebody, something, nobody, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。3. is; are。集体名词family, class等作主语时，如果强调整体（第一空

38、），谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体（第二空），则用复数形式。4. are。5. is。某些名词以-s结尾，表面看是复数形式，实际上是单数概念，如physics, news等，它们作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。6. is。当主语是不定式短语，-ing形式短语或主语从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。7. is。一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，如果表示的是同一概念，谓语动词一般用单数。该句意为“最后一课十四课是最难的一课。” 8. am。 9. has。两个名词或代词由and连接作主语时，当and不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数。

39、10. was。主语后面接说明主语的修饰语，如用with，along with， as well as, like, rather than, but, except, besides, including等与修饰语连接，谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响，仍保持同主语一致的关系。11. has。两个并列的名词由each，every， no等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。12. Is; am。当用作主语的两个名词或代词由or， either . or, neither . nor或 not only . but also等连接时，谓语通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。13. are。一个单数名词同时被两个

40、不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词一般用复数。14. has。“many a + 单数名词”作主语时，表达的是复数意义，但谓语动词要用单数。 15. are。“the+形容词 / 过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数。【典题精讲】经典题型例1（2005年北京)He have completed his work，otherwise，he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldntD.cant思路解析otherwise，he wouldnt be enjoying himself by th

41、e seaside（否则，他就不会在海边游玩了）表明他一定完成了自己的工作。要表示“一定做完了某事”要用must have done sth.的结构。should have done表示“本该做的事实际上未做”；cant have done则表示“不可能做了某事”。答案：B黑色陷阱误选其他项的原因是没有理解清楚本题的语境。不能推测出“如果他没完成工作，他是不会去海边的”，言下之意是“他一定已经完成了工作”。还可能是没有掌握这几个情态动词在用法上的区别。绿色通道解答本类题的关键要掌握must have done是表示“肯定做了某事”。平时学习时应该多注意这些情态动词在用法上的区别，做题时才能胸有

42、成竹。例2（2004年上海)Chinese arts have won the of a lot of people outside China.A.enjoymentB.appreciationC.entertainmentD.reputation思路解析解答本题的关键要精确把握题意和四个选项的含义。enjoyment意为“享乐;快乐”；appreciation意为“欣赏”；而entertainment是“娱乐”之意；reputation则意为“声誉”。结合本题的含义 “中国艺术赢得的是别国人民的欣赏”，可以确定本处应填appreciation。答案：B例3（2004年全国）The scie

43、ntists are looking the problem with air pollution in the city.A.intoB.forC.afterD.around思路解析解答本题的关键要弄清这四个短语的区别。look into意为“调查，研究的原因”，look for意为“寻找”,look after意为“照料某事/某人”,look around意为“环顾四周”。结合题意“科学家们正在调查这个城市的空气污染问题”可知，此处应用look into。答案：A黑色陷阱本题容易错选B。look for 指“寻找”，误以为是寻找问题的原因。但此处并没有原因出现。句中的problem（问题）

44、，是本来就存在的问题，不用再去“寻找”。例4（2005年辽宁)The head office of the bank is in Beijing，but it has all over the country.A.companiesB.branchesC.organizationsD.businesses思路解析the head office of the bank意为 “这家银行的总部”。和总部(head)相对的应是机构的分支（branch）。结合句意“这家银行总部在北京而它的分部遍及全国”，可知本处应填pany意为“公司”；而organization意为“组织”；business是指“企业

45、”。答案：B绿色通道本题理解的关键是“总部在北京，分支遍及全国”。同时要注意名词在词义上的区别。还要注意branch，head，bank的一词多义现象，做题是一定要结合语境来选择恰当的词义。例5（2003年上海)Some passengers complain that it usually so long to fill in travel insurance documents.A.costsB.takesC.spendsD.spares思路解析根据so long提示，应选择“花（时间）”。后面to fill in .用的是动词不定式的形式，cost，spend都不能与之连用。而take作

46、“花时间”讲时的结构是“it takes time to do sth.”，正符合题意。答案：B黑色陷阱A项和C项干扰很大。错选这两项都是因为没有弄清它们的搭配和运用的环境。cost的主语应为“事物”，而不是人；而spend的主语应为“人”，后面应接动名词或on加名词的形式。绿色通道了解take，cost，spare和spend 的不同句式结构和含义是解题的关键。cost意为“价值为，(使)花费(金钱、时间、劳力等)”,在句子中主语通常是花金钱、时间、劳力等所要得到的东西；而spend所表示的花费则用于 “sb.spend money(time)on sth./in dong sth.”的句型

47、中；take 的常用结构是“It takes sb.some time to do sth.”，意为“做某事花费某人多少时间”；而spare是“节约,节省,分让”的意思。例6（2001年上海)Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to some schools for poor children. A.set upB.setting upC.have set upD.having set up思路解析此题题意是“Reed 先生决定把他所拥有的献给一些学校的贫困孩子”。devote.to结构中to是介词，后面用名词或动名词。从make up

48、ones mind to do能看出要做的事还没做，故不能用表示完成概念的C项或D项。答案：B黑色陷阱本题有两处陷阱。一是误把devote.to 中的to 看成不定式符号而错选A项 或C项。二是没有理解清楚make up ones mind to do sth.指“决定做的事”暗含了“该件事还没有做”之意，而误用完成式的C或D选项。绿色通道平时要注意英语中一些常用的to作介词的短语，如pay attention to，look forward to，lead to，object to 等，这些短语都接名词和动名词作宾语。还要掌握动名词、动词不定式和动词过去分词的完成式都具有完成的意义。例7（2

49、004年重庆)I failed in the final examination last term and only then the importance of studies.A.I realizedB.I had realizedC.had I realizedD.did I realized思路解析then即为failed in the final examination之时，应用一般过去时，排除B、C两项。only then作状语置于句首，起强调作用，句子要部分倒装，排除A项。答案：D绿色通道了解倒装句式是解此类题的关键。何时用倒装句注意下列歌诀小结：“疑问句，there be;条

50、件句,if 去；强（调）表语，重状语；引语后，常用起；否定词，开头使；only语，往前置；免重复，需代替；要祝愿，为修辞。”例8（2003年全国) Theres coffee and tea，you can have . Thanks.A.eitherB.eachC.oneD.it思路解析按常理讲，别人请你喝点什么，通常是让你从所提供的饮料中选一种。you can have either意为“你可以任选其一”。如果使用each或one都表示前面只提到同一种物品。如果用it，则表示前面只有一种物品，并且是单数，这和原题是相矛盾的。答案：A志鸿原创题阅读短文，完成文后的表格：A recent pu

51、blished analysis of a major survey taken of international students in Australia is providing up-to-date data for teachers and marketers of English language training program.About one third of the students questioned were 20 years and under，and almost three quarters were 25 and under.Only 8% were age

52、d over 30，and fewer than 3% were over 35.Korean students were in their 20s.Students from Japan were also mostly young，with an average age under 20.Chinese students tended to be older than other nationalities，from 25 to 30.The oldest were from Iran，ranging from 30 to 35.Indonesian students were the y

53、oungest，with an average age under 19.Information about international students in Australia：NationalityStudents AgeKorea1. Japan202. 2530Iran3. 4. 5. 思路解析图表显示，左栏为国籍，右栏为学生的年龄。表格中提到五个国家，左栏已给出3个国家，另外两个显然就是中国和印度尼西亚。空格2可以从原文“Chinese students.，from 25 to 30.”判断是中国，那么空格4只能填Indonesia。1空可以从原文“Korean students

54、were in their 20s”推断出来，空格3可以从原文“The oldest were from Iran，ranging from 30 to 35”得知，而“Indonesian students were the youngest，with an average age under 19”可以给出空格5的答案。答案：1.20302.China3.30354.Indonesia5.19黑色陷阱国籍的表达极易出错。因为文章中有的地方用了相关的形容词，如Chinese，Korean，Indonesian，有的地方用国家名词，如Australia，Japan。根据图表左栏已有信息的表达方

55、式可以判断答案中应该用名词。绿色通道答题时要注意文字信息和符号信息的转换。如：in their 20s转化为2030；under 20 转化为20；ranging from 30 to 35转化为 3035。有时题目考查可以反过来进行，如在文章中出现数字信息，考题中要填的是文字信息。只要熟悉这两种信息的相互转换，就算考题变幻也难不倒我们了。【考点透析】考点1 She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. (Warming Up)devote意为“把专用于；把奉献给；专心致力于”，后常接反身代词或

56、表示时间、能源、精力等的名词作宾语，宾语后常接to短语；to为介词，可后接名词，代词或-ing形式。真题1 Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. (上海2001春) A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up 点拨 选B。此句的结构是Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote . to . ， he had是定语从句，修饰all， to为介词， 后跟-ing形式， 可排除

57、A、C；根据句意“利德先生决定用自己所有的一切为贫困儿童建造几所学校”，说明set up这一动作尚未发生，故应用其-ing形式的一般式而非完成式。真题2 Although the working mother is very busy, she still _ a lot of time to her children. (上海 2003)A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides 点拨 选A。spend time (in) doing sth. / on sth.花时间干；offer sb. sth. / offer sth. to sb.向某人提供

58、； provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth. 提供某物给某人；只有A项符合题意。考点2 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. (Reading) only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句置于句首时，主句要用倒装。真题1 Only in this way _ to make improvement in the operating system.(上海2003春) A. you can h

59、ope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope 真题2 Only when your identity has been checked, _. (上海 2003) A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in 点拨 此两题分别选C、D。其中真题再现2中的you与allow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。考点3 But it was not her success at university tha

60、t had made her famous. (Using Language) It was . that . 是强调句型。其结构为It is / was + 被强调的部分+ that +句子的其它部分。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、表语、状语（从句）， 但不能是谓语。当强调的主语、表语、宾语是人时，that可用who替换。真题1 It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (福建 2004) A. because B. which C. since D. that 真题