types of medical practicemcgraw hill education

1、2Types of Medical Practice2-22.1Describe medical specialties and specialists.2.2Explain the purpose of the American Board of Medical Specialties.2.3Describe the duties of several types of allied health professionals with whom medical assistants may work.2.4Name professional associations that may hel

2、p advance a medical assistants career.Learning Outcomes2-3IntroductionMedical assistants are an integral part of the health-care teamA working knowledge of specialties and allied health professionals enables the MA to function better as a member of the health-care team2-4Medical Specialties Approxim

3、ately 22 major medical specialties existSpecialized medical care is driven by advances in diagnosing and treating various diseasesCardiologyPediatricsAdultNote: Cardiology = specialty Pediatrics and Adult = subspecialty2-5Physician Education and LicensureBachelors DegreeGraduate from an Accredited M

4、edical SchoolPass the U.S. Medical Licensing ExamComplete 26 Years of Residency2-6Medical SpecialistsSpecialistFunctionsFamily PracticeMedical doctors that treat all conditions and age groupsAlso called general practitioners or primary care physicians by insurance companiesRefers patients to special

5、ists for specific diseases requiring specialized careAllergistDiagnoses and treats people with hypersensitivity to substances such as drugs, chemicals, and elements in nature2-7Medical Specialists (cont.)SpecialistFunctionsAnesthesiologistAdministers medications that alter sensation and feelings dur

6、ing surgeryBariatricsMedical and surgical treatment of obesityCardiologistDiagnoses and treats diseases of the heart and blood vesselsDermatologistDiagnoses and treats diseases of the skin, hair, and nails2-8Medical Specialists (cont.)SpecialistFunctionsDoctor of OsteopathyUses eyes and hands to ide

7、ntify structural problems and promote natural healingUses osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) techniquesEmergency Medicine PhysicianWorks in hospital emergency roomsDiagnoses and treats medical crises and accidentsEndocrinologistDiagnoses and treats disorders of the endocrine system, which regul

8、ates many body functions2-9Medical Specialists (cont.)SpecialistFunctionsGastroenterologistDiagnoses and treats disorders related to the stomach, intestines, and other organsGerontologistDiagnoses and treats problems and diseases affecting older adultsGynecologistDiagnoses and treats diseases of the

9、 female reproductive systemInternistDiagnoses and treats problems related to internal organs2-10Medical Specialists (cont.)SpecialistFunctionsNephrologistStudies, manages, and diagnoses diseases of the kidneyNeurologistDiagnoses and treats disorders and diseases of the nervous systemObstetricianStud

10、ies pregnancy, labor and delivery, and postpartumOncologist Identifies and treats patients with cancer2-11Medical Specialists (cont.)SpecialistFunctionOphthalmologistDiagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of the eyeOrthopedistDiagnoses and treats diseases and disorders of muscles and bonesOtorh

11、inolaryngologistDiagnoses and treats ear, nose, and throat disordersPathologistStudies bodily changes produced by disease processesPediatrician/Adolescent MedicineDiagnoses and treats childhood diseases2-12Medical Specialists (cont.)SpecialistFunctionPhysiatristDiagnoses and treats diseases and diso

12、rders with physical therapyPodiatristTreats disorders of the footPlastic SurgeonPerforms reconstruction, correction, and improvement of body structuresProctologistTreats disorders of the anus, rectum, and intestinesRadiologist/Nuclear MedicineUses x-rays and radioactive substances to diagnose and tr

13、eat diseases 2-13Medical Specialists (cont.)SpecialistFunctionSports MedicineSubspecialty of medicine dealing with treatment and preventative care of athletes SurgeonUses hands and instruments to diagnose, correct, and treat injuries, diseases, and deformitiesUrologistDiagnoses and treats diseases o

14、f the kidneys, bladder, and urinary system2-14Apply Your KnowledgeName the medical specialists who would be involved in the care of a 6-month-old infant with massive burns over 90% of the body and indicate how each specialist would contribute to the care for this situation.ANSWER: The following spec

15、ialists would be involved in the care of this patient: Pediatrician because of the age of the infant Plastic surgeon to perform skin grafting Dermatologist for skin, hair, and nail repair Emergency medicine for treatment during medical crisisCorrect!2-15PATIENTMedical AssistantsDoctorsSpecialistsNur

16、sesHealth-Care TeamKnowing the duties of other health-care team members will help you be a more effective team member.2-16Allied Health Professionals DisciplineFunctionAcupuncturist Treats pain or discomfort by inserting thin, hollow needles under the skin to balance the opposing forces of yin and y

17、ang Based on Chinese beliefs 2-17Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionChiropractorTreats disorders without drugs or surgery by making adjustments to realign the vertebrae in the spineIs an independent practitionerElectroencephalographic (EEG) Technologist / TechnicianElectroencephalo

18、graphy is the study and recording of the brains electrical activityEEG technicians work in hospitals, physicians offices, and clinics2-18Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionElectrocardiograph (ECG) TechnicianECG technicians operate electrocardiograph machines that record the hearts

19、electrical impulsesECG technicians work in hospitals2-19Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionMassage TherapistPromotes muscle and full body relaxation; increases circulation and lymph flow One of the oldest methods to promote healingMedical Administrative Assistant Provides administr

20、ative support to medical, professional, and technical personnelTranscribing dictationComposing correspondenceWorks in hospitals, clinics, etc.2-20Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionMedical Billing and CodingExtraction and coding of medical information from patient records Preparati

21、on of insurance claims to maximize reimbursement and ensure ethical standards in the professionMedical Records TechnologistOrganizes, analyzes, and evaluates medical records Compiles administrative and health statistics, code symptoms, and inputs and retrieves computerized health dataRegistered Heal

22、th Information Administrator (RHIA) and Accredited Health Information Technician (RHIT)CPTICD-9HCPCS2-21Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionMedical Office Administrator / ManagerManages the practice of a physician or a group practiceCoordinates records and filingOversees office staf

23、fMay also greet patients, make appointments, and perform general secretarial tasksRequires knowledge of Computer application softwareAdvanced document processing skillsAccounting 2-22Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionMedical Technology includes: Clinical Laboratory Technician (CLT

24、)Performs lab tests under supervision of physicians or medical technologists1- or 2-year degreeWorks in hospital labs, clinics, etc.Medical TechnologistPerforms lab tests and procedures such as examining body fluids and tissuesHas a 4-year degreeWorks in clinics, industry, hospitals, research, etc.

25、2-23Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionMedical TranscriptionistTranslates a physicians dictation into comprehensive, typed recordsWorks in attorney offices, insurance companies, hospitals, physician offices, clinics, and laboratoriesMental Health Technician (Psychiatric Aide or Cou

26、nselor)Participates in supervising group therapy and counseling sessions Works with emotionally disturbed and mentally challenged patients Work settings include psychiatric clinics, crisis centers and shelters, hospital psychiatric units, and specialized nursing home settings2-24Allied Health Profes

27、sionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionNuclear Medicine TechnologistCompletes either a 2-year or 4-year programWorks in hospitals, physician offices, or public health institutionsDuties include:Overseeing quality controlPreparing and administering radioactive drugsOperating radiation detection instruments

28、Positioning patientsPerforming imaging procedures2-25Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionOccupational TherapistHelps patients attain maximum physical and mental health through the use of educational, vocational, and rehabilitation activitiesHas a 4-year degree plus 9- to 12-month in

29、ternship at an accredited hospitalWork settings include:HospitalGovernment agencyRehabilitation hospital2-26Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionPharmacistDispenses medications and health supplies Employment in hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, pharmaceutical companies, or private o

30、r chain pharmacies Three levels of educational training for pharmacy careersPharmacist Technician (CPhT) 2-year programs Registered Pharmacist (RPh) 5 years of college Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) 6 to 7 years of college with residency2-27Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionPhlebotom

31、istDraws blood for diagnostic laboratory testingReceives advanced phlebotomy training that allows him/her to draw blood under difficult circumstances Most states require phlebotomists to be certified by the National Phlebotomy Association or registered by the American Society of Clinical Pathologist

32、s2-28Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionPhysical Therapist (PT)Has a bachelors degree in physical therapy and must pass a state board examinationMay work in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, outpatient clinics, private practice, or sports medicine centerImproves patient functionin

33、g by using:Electricity, heat, and cold Ultrasound and massageExercise2-29Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionPhysician Assistant (PA)Provides direct patient care under the supervision of a licensed physicianTraining requirements vary; many states require certification and registrati

34、on with the state medical boardWorks in a variety of settings: private practice, nursing homes, hospitals, etc.Some states allow PAs to write prescriptions2-30Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionRadiographer (X-ray Technician)Assists a radiologist in taking x-ray films May be employ

35、ed in hospitals, physicians offices, clinics, government agencies, etc.Radiographic TechnologistTrained in x-ray theory and practical applications as well as radioactive materials May specialize in radiation therapy, radiography, or nuclear medicineWorks in hospitals, clinics, medical laboratories,

36、and medical practices2-31Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionRegistered DietitianAlso called nutritionistAssists patients and family with nutrition planningMay prepare and serve food to groupsWork settings include: Community health agencies HospitalsClinics Private practices Teachin

37、g and consulting2-32Allied Health Professionals (cont.)DisciplineFunctionRespiratory TherapistWorks under the supervision of a physicianWorks in hospitals, physicians offices, nursing homes, and commercial companiesEvaluates, treats, and cares for patients with respiratory problems such as:AsthmaEmp

38、hysemaPneumoniaBronchitis2-33Nursing CareersTrainingSample DutiesNursing Aide/Assistant1 week to 3 monthsMakes bedsChecks vital signsBathes patientsPractical/Vocational Nurse (LPN, LVN)1 yearChecks vital signsAdministers medicationsChanges dressingsAssists registered nurses and physicians2-34Registe

39、red Nurse (RN)Educational PreparationLength of ProgramAssociate Degree RN (ADN)2 yearsDiploma RN3 yearsBaccalaureate RN (BSN)4 years2-35Nursing Careers (cont.)TitleFunctionRegistered Nurse (RN)RN designation once state boards are passedResponsible for planning, providing, and supervising bedside car

40、e of patientsWork settings includeHospitals, nursing homes, and physicians officesPublic health agencies and government agenciesEducational settings2-36Nursing Careers (cont.)TitleFunctionNurse Practitioner (NP)An RN that functions in an expanded roleRequires a minimum of a Masters degree and 4 to 1

41、2 months of formal training or an apprenticeshipDuties include:Physical examinationsTreating common illnesses and injuriesMany states allow NPs to write prescriptionsPatient education2-37Apply Your KnowledgeIf you had to choose other health-care team members to plan the care for a 68-year-old patien

42、t recently diagnosed with a stroke, who has a history of seizure disorders, which would you choose, and why? ANSWER: The health-care team members that might participate in this patients care are: Physical therapist for decreased mobility due to strokePharmacist to review medicationsNutritionist for

43、dietary evaluation and possible modificationsEEG technician to perform EEG for brain electrical activityNursing staff (RN, LPN, CNA)Other health-care professionals will also be part of the team!Good Job!2-38Specialty Career Options for MAsRequire additional education or trainingMany options availabl

44、e check:Local and medical college librariesState employment agenciesHealth career opportunities in local newspapersDirectly with companies where you might seek employment2-39Specialty Career Options (cont.)SpecialtyFunctionAnesthetists AssistantProvides anesthetic care under direct supervision of th

45、e anesthetistWorks in hospitals and high-technology surgical centersAssists in evaluating patient mental and physical statusCertified Laboratory AssistantPerforms lab procedures such as bacteriology, chemistry, hematology, parasitology, serology, and urinalysis Supervised by medical technologists or

46、 hospital pathologistsWorks in labs, clinics, physicians offices, etc.2-40Specialty Career Options (cont.)SpecialtyFunctionDental AssistantCan practice without formal education or trainingPerforms both administrative and lab functionsWorks in private practice, clinics, schools, local health agencies

47、, and for insurance companiesEmergency Medical Technician / ParamedicReferred to as an EMTTrained to triage patients and follow instructions from a physicianWorks for an ambulance service or in fire department, hospital emergency room, or private industry2-41Specialty Career Options (cont.)Specialty

48、FunctionOccupational Therapist AssistantSupervised by occupational therapistsTeaches fine motor skills, occupations, and the arts to patients with mental and physical disabilitiesEarns a 2-year degreeOphthalmic AssistantAssists ophthalmologistsPerforms simple vision testing and other proceduresThree

49、 ophthalmic career levels:TechnologistTechnicianAssistant2-42Specialty Career Options (cont.)SpecialtyFunctionPathologist AssistantSupervised by a pathologistSome work with forensic and/or anatomic pathologistsPerforms laboratory duties and some administrative functionsPediatric Medical AssistantAss

50、ists the pediatrician with administrative and clinical dutiesWorks in private practice, hospitals, and clinics2-43Specialty Career Options (cont.)SpecialtyFunctionPharmacy TechnicianPerforms routine tasks related to recordkeeping and preparing and dispensing medicationsWorks in hospitals, pharmaceut

51、ical firms, and wholesale pharmaciesPhysical Therapy AssistantWorks directly under the physical therapistPerforms tests and treatment proceduresObserves and documents patient responses to therapyWorks in hospitals, rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, etc.2-44Specialty Career Options (cont.)Specia

52、ltyFunctionRadiation Therapy TechnologistAssists the radiologistMaintains radiation treatment equipmentCompletes a 2- or 4-year education programWorks in hospitals, labs, clinics, and physicians officesRespiratory Therapy TechnicianWorks under supervision of physician and respiratory therapistPerfor

53、ms artificial ventilation and maintains respiratory equipmentWorks in hospitals, physician offices, nursing homes, etc.2-45Specialty Career Options (cont.)SpecialtyFunctionSpeech / Language PathologistEvaluates, diagnoses, and counsels patients with communication problems like stutteringUsually has

54、a Masters degreeWorks in schools, hospitals, research settings, or private practiceSurgical TechnicianCompletes a 2- or 4-year degreeProvides patient services under direct supervision of a surgeonPerforms diagnostic and therapeutic proceduresWorks primarily in hospitals2-46Professional AssociationsI

55、nvolvement in issues and activities relevant to your professionOpportunities for continuingeducation2-47Professional Associations (cont.)American Association of Medical Assistants (AAMA)The Association for Healthcare Documentation Integrity (AHDI)American College of Physicians (ACP)American Hospital Association (AHA)2-48Professional Associations (cont.)American Medical Technologist (AMT)American Pharmacists AssociationAmerican