跨文化沟通课程设计与实践

1、 跨文化沟通课程 设计与实践 上海大学 庄恩平 enpingz 2015年7月22-23日AgendaWhy to teachWhat to teachHow to teachWhy to teach 英语、翻译、商务英语、大学英语大纲还是学生个人发展、职场、国家、国际需求What to teach Needs analysis：Whose needs？学生需求还是职场、国家、国际需求课程设计与实践 教学方法：案例分析法、问题（项目）导向法 教学内容： 是了解学科发展、学科知识、东西方文化差异、语言与文化、提高跨文化意识、交际技能 还是拓宽全球视野、训练跨文化思维、培养跨文化职场能力案例教学

2、是老师讲解课文、分析案例 还是组织学生分析案例、培养学生发现案例、分析案例案例性质 是经典案例、语言问题、交流问题、校园案例 还是职场案例、公司案例、国家案例、国际案例 案例采集跨文化沟通教学理念：国家需求、问题导向人才培养理念思考一个问题：全球面临怎样的挑战中国面临怎样的挑战高等教育面临怎样的挑战 六大跨文化挑战全球化社会面临跨文化挑战中国“一带一路”面临跨文化挑战中国企业 “走出去”战略面临跨文化挑战中国公共外交面临跨文化挑战中国新闻传播面临跨文化挑战中国国际化高等教育面临跨文化挑战一个观点：“跨文化+”时代培养“跨文化+”战略思维、跨文化思维与跨文化能力人才一个解决方案“跨文化+学科”“

3、跨文化+课程” “跨文化外语教学法” “跨文化+课程” 跨文化沟通、跨文化商务沟通（交际） 英语语言与文化、跨文化影视欣赏、英美十大司法案例跨文化解读、跨文化人力资源管理、以全球视野观察世界、跨文化谈判、跨文化领导力等英语类专业核心竞争力：跨文化思维与跨文化能力人才职位： CIO: Chief Intercultural Officer 首席跨文化协调官 ICP: Intercultural Professional 跨文化专员 职场调查 Business Communication Quarterly 2004 One hundred and four Silicon Valley empl

4、oyers responded to a survey asking them about communication skills of their recent college graduate new hires. Discovery: 1. Employers reported they were less than satisfied with the oral and written communication skills. 2. The U.S. Department of Labor regarding workplace skills for the future dete

5、rmined that communication skills are essential workplace tools for the 21st century Figure: Mean ranking of global competenciesGlobal Competency demanding (UK Higher Education)by the Council for Industry and Higher Education (CIHE), UK, 2011 Mean rankingAn ability to work collaboratively with teams

6、of people from a range of backgrounds and countries8.2Excellent communication skills: both speaking and listening7.5A high degree of drive and resilience5.6An ability to embrace multiple perspectives and challenge thinking5.4A capacity to develop new skills and behaviours according to role requireme

7、nts4.6A high degree of self-awareness Awareness4.4An ability to negotiate and influence clients across the globe from different cultures4An ability to form professional, global networks3.9An openness to and respect for a range of perspectives from around the world3.6Multi-cultural learning agility (

8、e.g. able to learn in any culture or environment)2.4Multi-lingualism1.7Knowledge of foreign economies and own industry area overseas Knowledge 1.7An understanding of ones position and role within a global context or economy1.6A willingness to play an active role in society at a local, national and i

9、nternational level.0.5Skills 英语专业教学大纲（2000） 提出了注重培养学生的跨文化交际能力和对文化差异的敏感性、宽容性以及处理文化差异的灵活性。 大纲又对21世纪外语专业人才的培养规格作了概述，对21世纪外语人才的能力作了如下定义：外语专业学生在工作中的运用能力 主要指能够从事不同文化间交流与合作的能力、交际能力、协作能力、适应工作的能力、独立提出建议和讨论的能力、组织能力、知人处事的能力、灵活应变的能力等 跨文化沟通课程内容： 学科与概念 文化差异 得体交际 有效沟通 跨文化沟通Part One Basic ConceptsPart Two Intercult

10、ural SkillsPart Three Application 主要内容Whats WrongReading 1-2Intercultural PerspectivesIntercultural Case StudyLearning Culture Through Proverbs How to teach跨文化隐形障碍 Different Perceptions What are they talking aboutCulture like an Iceberg 行为非语言语言态度价值观念 Culture ACulture B A ABBSimilarity or DifferenceF

11、romLittle to Much 管理视角 East and WestEast and EastWest and West BeliefsBeliefs ValuesValues Perception Ways of thinkingCulture ACulture CCultural synergy Culture B Perception Communication StyleCommunication styleWays of thinking 跨文化视角ABConflict zone 思维差异ChineseEnglish沟通差异 Direct and indirect Explici

12、t and implicit Verbal-based understanding Context-based understanding Speaker oriented communication style Listener- oriented communication style中国式沟通 Maybe、Probably、I guess、 It is said that I will do my best to do something基本上（原则上）同意或可行的我们再考虑考虑 案例教学Whats wrongGeely-Volvo Acquisition1. Chairman Lee

13、Shufu declared to the public Volvo Cars would set up three manufacturers in China Volvo Cars CEO Stefan Jacoby openly admitted that any decision should get approval from the management team. 2. Lee would expand its production to take up the market share soon Volvo CEO Jacoby replies that they need t

14、o be cautious in its expansion3. Lee believes he knows the Chinese market better than Jacoby, so he would make big cars for Volvo Jacoby believes small-sized cars would be better4.When Swedish King visited Geely in 2011, he asked Lee how Geely would guarantee that Volvos standards would not be under

15、mined after Geelys acquisition. Lee Shufu replied We are not just keeping Volvos standards, but helping Volvo regain its past glory .Questions; What are they discussing? Strategy, product, market Whats wrong with them? Cultural differences or communication problem Which competency is needed? Technic

16、al competency Managerial competency Intercultural competency 跨文化交流Dialog 1A: Were going to Surrey this weekend.B: What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are you going to be there? (If she wants a ride, she will ask.)A: Three days. By the way, we may need a ride to the airport. Do you thin

17、k you can take us there?B: Sure. What time?Dialog 2A: Were going to Surrey this weekend.B: What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are you going to be there? A: Three days. (I hope shell offer me a ride to the airport)B: (She may want me to give her a ride.) Do you need a ride to the airpo

18、rt? Ill take you. A: Are you sure its not too much trouble?B: Its no trouble at all.Dialog 3A: Were going to Surrey this weekend.B: What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are you going to be there? A: Three days. (I hope shell offer me a ride to the airport)B: (If she wants a ride, she wi

19、ll ask.) Have a great time!A: (If she had wanted to give me a ride, she would have offered it. Id better ask somebody else.) Thanks. Ill see you when I get back. ValueNorm Behaviors Culture Is Like an OnionOutside InInside Out 洋葱诊断模型 Diagnostic Model (Onion Model)Learning Culture through Proverbs 语言

20、 文化 行为 The squeaky wheel gets the grease 吱嘎叫的轮子有油吃 Behaviors Norm ValueA nail that sticks out should be hammered down Behaviors Norm Value Stay hungry and stay foolish 语言 文化 行为 Culture CCorporate Culture Managerial Behaviors Culture Is Like an OnionOutside InInside Out Diagnostic Model for MNC Belie

21、fsBeliefs ValuesValues Perception Ways of thinkingCulture ACulture CCultural synergy Culture B Perception Communication StyleCommunication styleWays of thinking 跨文化冲突模型ABConflict zoneIntercultural AwarenessInterculturalSkillsStrongStrongWeakManagement FailureHappy MarriageAt the crossroadCulture hea

22、dacheLong time integration诊断与方案模型 跨文化能力模型 (MAKS-Model)Intercultural CompetenceGlobal Mindset Knowledge CulturalAdaptation Communication Skills CultureCulture-General Intercultural AwarenessFlexibility PsychologicalAdaptation Communication skillNonverbal Communication skillCommunication strategy Inte

23、rcultural Perspective cultureCulture-Specific M: Mindset A: Adaptation K: Knowledge S: SkillsHistory PoliticsReligion systemValue NormCustomWay of thinkingCommunication styleHigh context culture is one in which the meanings of a communication message are found in the situation and in the relationshi

24、ps of the communicators or are internalized in the communicators beliefs, values, and norms.Low context culture is one in which the meanings of communication messages are stated clearly and explicitly, without depending on the context of the communication situation.IC理论讲授Low context culture低语境文化High

25、 context culture高语境文化Individualistic oriented values 个人取向Group oriented values 团体取向Self face concern 关心自我面子Mutual face concern 关心双方面子Overt and explicit 直白清晰Covert and implicit 迂回委婉Messages plainly coded 直接简洁表述Messages internalized 信息隐含Verbal-based understanding 字面意思Context-based understanding 语境提示De

26、tail verbalized 详细陈述Much nonverbal coded 言外多含它意Reaction on the surface 反应直接Reaction reserved 反馈信息保留Low context cultureHigh context cultureFlexible ingroups and outgroups无明显圈内圈外人关系Distinct ingroups and outgroups明显圈内圈外人关系Fragile interpersonal bonds 人际关系相对淡薄Strong interpersonal bonds 看重人际关系Personal-ori

27、ented verbal style 人与人之间平等的言语交流Status-oriented verbal style 谈话方式多随对方地位不同而异Speaker-oriented style 说话者为中心的交谈风格Listener-oriented style 以受话者者为中心的交谈风格Linear logic 线性逻辑思维方式Spiral logic 螺旋式逻辑思维方式Commitment low 承诺低Commitment high 承诺高Time highly organized时间安排紧凑Time open and flexible时间相对自由灵活BehaviorsLow context cultureHigh context cultureSeparate issues from a person对事不对人Attacking