2022年雅思阅读全真模拟题：幸福的科学解释 雅思阅读真题

1、第 PAGE12 页 共 NUMPAGES12 页2022年雅思阅读全真模拟题：幸福的科学解释 雅思阅读真题【导语】大为大家准备了20_年雅思阅读全真模拟题：幸福的科学解释。雅思模拟试题在雅思备考过程中所起的作用不可小觑，通过模拟练习题，我们可以很直接地理解到自己的备考状况，从而可以更有针对性地进展之后的复习。希望以下内容可以对大家的雅思备考有所帮助!更多雅思报名官网的最新消息，最新、最专业的雅思备考资料，大将为大家发布。Can Scientists tell us: What happiness is?AEconomists accept that if people describe th

2、emselves as happy, then theymost immediate type involves a feeling; pleasure or joy.But sometimes happinessis a judgment that life is satisfying, and does not imply an emotional state.Esteemed psychologist Martin Seligman has spearheaded an effort to study thescience of happiness.The bad news is tha

3、t were not wired to be happy.The goodnews is that we can do something about it.Since its origins in a Leipziglaboratory 130 years ago, psychology has had little to say about goodness andcontentment.Mostly psychologists have concerned themselves with weakness andmisery.There are libraries full of the

4、ories about why we get sad, worried, andangry.It hasnt been respectable science to study what happens when lives gowell.Positive e_periences, such as joy, kindness, altruism and heroism, havemainly been ignored.For every 100 psychology papers dealing with an_iety ordepression, only one concerns a po

5、sitive trait.BA few pioneers in e_perimental psychology bucked the trend.Professor AliceIsen of Cornell University and colleagues have demonstrated how positiveemotions make people think faster and more creatively.Showing how easy it is togive people an intellectual boost, Isen divided doctors makin

6、g a trickydiagnosis into three groups: one received candy, one read humanistic statementsabout medicine, one was a control group.The doctors who had candy displayed themost creative thinking and worked more efficiently.Inspired by Isen and others,Seligman got stuck in.He raised millions of dollars o

7、f research money andpositive psychology centres opened, decorated in cheerful colours and furnishedwith sofas and baby-sitters.There were get-togethers on Me_ican beaches wherepsychologists would snorkel and eat fajitas, then form pods to discusssubjects such as wonder and awe.A thousand therapists

8、were coached in the newscience.CBut critics are demanding answers to big questions.What is the point ofdefining levels of happiness and classifying the virtues? Arent these conceptsvague and impossible to pin down? Can you justify spending funds to researchpositive states when there are problems suc

9、h as famine, flood and epidemicdepression to be solved? Seligman knows his work can be belittled alongsidetrite notions such as the power of positive thinking.His plan to stop the newscience floating on the waves of self- improvement fashions is to make sure itis anchored to positive philosophy abov

10、e, and to positive biology below.DAnd this takes us back to our evolutionary past.Homo sapiens evolvedduring the Pleistocene era (1.8 m to 10,000 years ago), a time of hardship andturmoil.It was the Ice Age, and our ancestors endured long freezes as glaciersformed, then ferocious floods as the ice m

11、asses melted.We shared the plawith terrifying creatures such as mammoths, elephant-sized ground sloths andsabre-toothed cats.But by the end of the Pleistocene, all these animals weree_tinct.Humans, on the other hand, had evolved large brains and used theirintelligence to make fire and sophisticated

12、tools, to develop talk and socialrituals.Survival in a time of adversity forged our brains into a persistentmould.Professor Seligman says: Because our brain evolved during a time of ice,flood and famine, we have a catastrophic brain.The way the brain works isfavoured you, but it doesnt work in the m

13、odem world.EAlthough most people rate themselves as happy, there is a wealth ofevidence to show that negative thinking is deeply ingrained in the human psyche.E_periments show that we remember failures more vividly than successes.We dwellon what went badly, not what went well.Of the si_ universal em

14、otions, fouranger, fear, disgust and sadness are negative and only one, joy, is positive.The si_th, surprise, is psychologist Daniel tle, author of Happiness, and oneof the Royal Institution lecturers, the negative emotions each tell ussomething bad has happened and suggest a different course of act

15、ion.FWhat is it about the structure of the brain that underlies our bias towardsnegative thinking? And is there a biology of joy? At Iowa University,neuroscientists studied what happens when people are shown pleasant andunpleasant pictures.When subjects see landscapes or dolphins playing, part ofthe

16、 frontal lobe of the brain bees active.But when they are shown unpleasantimages a bird covered in oil, or a dead soldier with part of his face missingthe response es from more primitive parts of the brain.The ability to feelnegative emotions derives from an ancient danger-recognition system formed e

17、arlyin the brains evolution.The pre-frontal corte_, which registers happiness, isthe part used for higher thinking, an area that evolved later in humanhistory.GOur difficulty, according to Daniel tle, is that the brain systems forliking and wanting are separate.Wanting involves two ancient regions t

18、heamygdala and the nucleus accumbens that municate using the chemical dopamineto form the brains reward system.They are involved in anticipating thepleasure of eating and in addiction to drugs.A rat will press a bar repeatedly,ignoring se_ually available partners, to receive electrical stimulation o

19、f thewanting parts of the brain.But having received brain stimulation, the rateats more but shows no sign of enjoying the food it craved.In humans, a druglike nicotine produces much craving but little pleasure.HIn essence, what the biology lesson tells us is that negative emotions arefundamental to

20、the human condition, and ifs no wonder they are difficult toeradicate.At the same time, by a trick of nature, our brains are designed tocrave but never really achieve lasting happiness.Question 14-20The reading passage has seven paragraphs A-H.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write

21、 the correct letter A-H, in bo_es 14-20 on your answer sheet.14 An e_periment involving dividing several groups one of which receivedpositive icon15 Review of a poorly researched psychology area16 Contrast being made about the brains action as response to positive ornegative stimulus17 The skeptical

22、 attitude toward the research seemed to be a waste offund18 a substance that produces much wanting instead of much liking19 a conclusion that lasting happiness are hardly obtained because of thenature of brains20 One description that listed the human emotional categoriesQuestion 21-25plete the follo

23、wing summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, usingno more than four words from the Reading Passage for each answer.Write your answers in bo_es 21-25 on your answer sheet.A few pioneers in e_perimental psychology study what happens when lives gowell.Professor Alice divided doctors, making a tri

24、cky e_periment, into threegroups: beside the one control group, the other two either are asked to readhumanistic statements about drugs, or received 21.The latter displayed themost creative thinking and worked more efficiently.Since critics arequestioning the significance of the 22for both levels of happiness andclassification for the virtues.Professor Seligman countered in an evolutionaltheory: survival in a time of adversity forged our brains into the way ofthinking for whats wrong because we have a23There is bountiful of evidence to show that negative thinking