定语从句语法专题策略[通用]

1、表解语法五年真题定语从句 表解语法考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句关系代词与关系副词的判定who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略)The boy who is standing there is my cousin.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句关系代词与关系副词的判定whom人宾语(限制性定语从句可省略)The man(whom)you met yesterday is Mr Smith.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句关系代词与关系副词的判定whose(of whomof which)人或物定语Do you know the boy whose fathe

2、r(the father of whom) is an engineer？He lives in a house whose windows (the windows of which) face south.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句关系代词与关系副词的判定which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略)Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures.The pen(which)my uncle gave me is missing.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句关系代词与关系副词的判定that 人

3、或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句可省略，不引导非限制性定语从句)A plane is a machine that can fly.I dont know the man(that)you mentioned.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分关系代词与关系副词的判定as人或物(在非限制性定语从句中也可指代整个句子)主语、宾语、表语考点理解例句关系代词与关系副词的判定考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句关系代词与关系副词的判定when(适当介词which)时间时间状语Ill never forget the day when I joined the Party.where(适当介词whi

4、ch)地点地点状语The factory where my father works is in the east of the city.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句关系代词与关系副词的判定why(for which)原因原因状语None of us know the reason why Tom was absent from the meeting.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分关系代词与关系副词的判定表示时间、地点、原因的先行词作定语从句谓语动词的主语、宾语时，应用that 或which ，作宾语时that/which 也可省略。当先行词是case，condition

5、，situation，position，point，stage 等名词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词where考点理解例句关系代词与关系副词的判定考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分关系代词与关系副词的判定当先行词way 意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有in which，that 或不用任何关系词这三种形式；way 不作“方式，方法”解时，其定语从句的引导词用that 或which ，引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。考点理解例句关系代词与关系副词的判定考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句特别提醒1.如何选择关系代词与关系副词方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中

6、的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句特别提醒方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主语、宾语、状语)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。2.定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。one of复数名词关系代词复数动词 the only one of复数名词关系代词单数动词考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句几组关系代词的区别用that 不用which先行词是all，much，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none时Anything that

7、can burn is a source of heat energy.Please get ready for everything(that)we need.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句几组关系代词的区别用that 不用which先行词被only，any，few，no，very，little 等修饰时This is the very book that Im looking for.The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句几组关系代词的区别用that 不用whic

8、h先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时This is the best film(that)I have ever seen.先行词为人、物并用时He talked about things and persons(that)they remembered in the school.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句几组关系代词的区别用that 不用which当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时Which is the bike that you lost？当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时Shanghai is no longer the

9、 city that it used to be.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句几组关系代词的区别the same. as与the same. thatthe same. as.表示相似的东西the same. that. 表示同一人或物This is the same knife as I lost.这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。This is the same knife that I lost.这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句几组关系代词的区别such/so. as与such/so.thatsuch/so. as(定语从句)像那样such/so

10、.that(状语从句)如此以至于This is such an easy question as I can answer.This is such an easy question that I can answer it.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分几组关系代词的区别as与whichas引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。which 引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。2. as意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report 等；which 意为“这一点”。考点关系词理解例句

11、几组关系代词的区别as与whichAvatar is a very successful film，as is known to all.As we all know，Taiwan belongs to China.The sports meeting was put off，which astonished us.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句介词关系代词名(代)词介词关系代词(一般作主语)I picked up the apples，some of which were bad.数词或形容词最高级of关系代词(一般作主语)He has ten cousins，three of

12、whom are clever.He has ten cousins，the youngest of whom is clever.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句介词关系代词介词关系代词(一般作状语)This is the girl from whom I learned the news.介词短语关系代词(一般作状语)Jack was a famous doctor，with the help of whom they succeeded in an operation.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句介词关系代词介词which名词(一般在句中作状语)She suffe

13、red from illness，in which case her husband had to stay home.介词whose名词(一般作状语)He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen. 考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句介词关系代词from where为“介词关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。介词关系代词中的介词可根据先行词或定语从句中的动词短语进行判断。He hid himself behind the door, from where he saw the man take a photo of s

14、omething on the desk. (from where 指from behind the door)他躲在门后面，从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西。考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句特殊定语从句分裂式定语从句(先行词与关系代(副)词分隔)I was the only person in my office who was invited to the important ball.考点关系词指代范围在从句中所作成分理解例句特殊定语从句插入式定语从句(关系代词与从句中插入一个句子)He made another great discovery, which I thi

15、nk is very important to science.省略式定语从句(介词关系代词不定式)I intend to make friends with a Frenchman from whom to improve my French.五年真题1(2010全国)I refuse to accept the blame for something_was someone elses fault.A. who B. thatC. as D. what解析：something 后跟的是定语从句，而且定语从句缺少主语，先行词为不定代词，引导词应用that。答案：B2(2010新课标全国)As

16、 a child，Jack studied in a village school，_is named after his grandfather.A. which B. whereC. what D. that解析：which 引导非限制性定语从句。答案：A3(2010浙江)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of_left their village homes for a better life in the city.A. whom B. whichC. them D. those解析：whom 引导非限制性定语从句修

17、饰先行词people。答案：A4(2010湖南)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school_I met in the English speech contest last year.A. who B. whereC. when D. which解析：who 引导定语从句修饰先行词the students。答案：A5(2010江西)The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister_she would

18、stay for an hour.A. where B. whoC. which D. what解析：考查定语从句。句中where引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作状语，修饰前面的training centre，相当于in which。答案：A6(2010四川)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling，_turned out to be a wise decision.A. that B. whichC. when D. where解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代“I took some ti

19、me off to go travelling”。答案：B7(2010江苏)The newlybuilt cafe, the walls of_are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work.A. that B. itC. what D. which解析：“介词关系代词”结构中，关系代词指物只能用which。the walls of which 也可用whose walls或of which the walls 代替。答案：D8(2010山东)Thats the new

20、machine_parts are too small to be seen.A. that B. whichC. whose D. what解析：句意：这是一部它的部件小的看不见的新机器。parts与machine之间是所属关系，因此用whose引导定语从句。答案：C9(2010北京)Children who are not active or_diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.A. what B. whoseC. which D. that解析：句意：那些不太活跃或日常饮食富含脂肪的孩子会迅速胖起来。whose在定语从句中作diet

21、的定语。答案：B10(2010陕西)The old temple_roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.A. where B. whichC. its D. whose解析：考查限制性定语从句。空格处在句中引导定语从句，并且在从句中作roof的定语，用whose。答案：D11(2010重庆)In China, the number of cities is increasing_development is recognized across the world.A. where B. whichC. whose D. that解析：w

22、hose引导定语从句，在从句中修饰development，作定语。where引导定语从句时，在从句中作状语；which和that在定语从句中作主语或宾语。答案：C12(2010天津)Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers_I go. Its only 15.A. as B. whichC. where D. that解析：句中the barbers 指理发店，在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词where。答案：C13(2010福建)Stephen Hawking believ

23、es that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet_life has developed gradually.A. that B. whereC. which D. whose解析：根据句式结构分析可知空缺处引导一定语从句，而且先行词为planet，在从句中作状语，故答案为B。答案：B14(2009全国)My friend showed me round the town，_ was very kind of him. A. which B. thatC. where D. it解析：句意：我朋友真不错，他带我参观了这座城镇。根据题意，本题考

24、查定语从句，先排除D项。又因为定语从句中缺主语，故排除关系副词where。B项that不能引导非限制性定语从句，因此答案为A，先行词为前边整句话内容。答案：A15(2009山东)Whenever I met her，_ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.A. who B. whichC. when D. that解析：句意：不管我何时遇见她，她都会一如既往地微笑着向我打招呼。此题考查定语从句。which可以引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的意思。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，所以排除D项；定语从句中缺主语，因此排除关系

25、副词when；A项不符合题意，故排除。答案：B16(2009辽宁)They ve won their last three matches，_I find a bit surprising actually. A. that B. whenC. what D. which解析：考查定语从句。句意：他们已经赢得了最后三场比赛，我发现这确实有点令人惊讶。先行词是前面整个句子，which引导非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中作find的宾语。答案：D17(2008浙江)Yesterday she sold her car, _she bought a month ago.A. whom B. wher

26、eC. that D. which解析：句意：昨天她把车卖了，这车是一个月前买的。此题考查定语从句，定语从句中缺宾语，指物，故排除A项和B项。从句中逗号可看出是非限制性定语从句，所以只能用which，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。答案：D18(2009安徽)Many children，_parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.A. their BwhoseC. of them D. with whom解析：句意：很多父母远在大城市里工作的孩子在这个村子得到了很好的照顾。此题考查

27、定语从句。A项和C项不能引导从句，故首先排除。如果选D，句意前后就矛盾了。因此选B，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词many children，whose在从句中充当定语。答案：B19(2009天津)A person_email account is full wont be able to send or receive any emails.A. who B. whomC. whose D. whoever解析：句意：一个人的电子邮件账户满了，就不能收发任何邮件了。此题考查定语从句，先行词为a person，定语从句补全为：The persons email account is full

28、。由此可见，定语从句中缺少定语成分，故选择C。who作主语；whom作宾语；whoever连接代词，“无论谁”，用来引导名词性从句或状语从句，不能引导定语从句。答案：C20(2009湖南)I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city_name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of whichC. that D. whose解析：句意：我出生在路易斯安那州的新奥尔良，这座城市的名字让我们联想到一幅有着漂亮的树和绿草的画。本题

29、考查定语从句，先行词是a city，代入定语从句后为：The citys name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作定语，故选D。答案：D21(2009宁夏、海南，全国)She brought with her three friends, none of_I had ever met before.A. them B. whoC. whom D. these解析：句意：她带了3个朋友过来，没有一个是我曾经见过的。根据句中的标点符号可知，本句后一部分是一个非限

30、制性定语从句，故排除不能引导定语从句的A项和D项。又因为关系代词在从句中代指人，作介词of的宾语，故选C。先行词是her three friends，代入定语从句后为：I had ever met none of her three friends before。答案：C22(2008福建)By nine o clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma，_appeared a rare rainbow soon.A. of which B. on whichC. from which

31、D. above which解析：句意：到九点，所有的奥运火炬手都到了珠穆朗玛峰顶，很快上空就出现了罕见的彩虹。此题考查定语从句，根据语境，彩虹出现在珠穆朗玛峰的上空，而不是珠穆朗玛峰的顶部，所以是above which而不是on which。答案：D23(2009福建)Its helpful to put children in a situation_they can see themselves differently.A. that B. whenC. which D. where解析：句意：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。本题考查定语从句。先行词是situation，代入定语从句后为：Th