《写作词类转换技巧》ppt课件

1、写作词类转换技巧 词类转换是指写作时在坚持原文内容不变的前提下，改动原文中某些词的词类，以求 作文照射自然，符合英语表达习惯。词类转换法是最根本的技巧之一。 我们知道，英语和汉语的词汇之间没有完全对应的关系。汉语单词没有词形变化，而英语单词却有，同一个词根加上不同的词缀，可以变成动词、名词、描画词或副词等。写作时有时候就必需进展词性的转换。其次，汉语句子多用动词，而英语句子那么多用其他词性的词，如名词、描画词、副词和介词词组等。另外，两种言语的表达习惯也不尽一样，比如，某个意思在英语中通常用某种词性的词表达的，在汉语中很能够用别的词性的词表达。这也要求在写作中灵敏运用词类转换的技巧。最后，还有

2、语体风格的要素，有时候也要求我们在写作中进展词类的转换。如英语中在正式的语体中倾向于用笼统名词，所以有时候也需求进展词类的转换。一切这些都要求作者熟练掌握词类转换的技巧，以使作文照射流畅，符合英语习惯。现将写作常见的词类转换景象引见如下：名词与动词的相互转换 由于英语句子动词用得比较少，一句句子通常只需一个谓语动词，而名词，尤其是笼统名词却用得比较多。与此相反，汉语中动词用得比较多，除了动宾构造外，还普遍运用连动式和兼语式等构造。因此，写作时经常需求把动词转换成名词。例如： 一翻开开关，我们就可以看见一英里处正在发生的事情。 At the turn of a switch, we can se

3、e what are taking place a mile away. 他踌躇了一会，终于决议还是本人送我去。 But after much hesitation he finally decided to see me off himself. 我本人也不明白，为什么会起这么浓浓的心情？再一思索，真实很粗浅的。 Why the reminiscence should evoke such a strong emotion I do not understand. On reflection, however, the reason is really very simple. 我初到越州，

4、第一遭去访问的山水是东湖。 During my first visit to Yuezhou, the first place I went to was the East Lake.英语副词与汉语动词之间的相互转换 次日早晨，说话一终了，他就会去查查词典。 So the next morning, the conversation over, one looked it up. 男人们绕着斯珀尔家的房子转了一圈，试图找一条路进去，可似乎不大能够。 Men ran round the Spurrs house looking for a way in, but it seemed imposs

5、ible. 他红着脸，紧张不安地摆弄着领带，胆怯地眨着眼睛，面对大家沉默了一会儿。 Blushing, fidgeting nervously with his tie, blinking timidly, he faced us silently for a minute. 这种帽子流行了去年一阵子。 This hat was in for a while last year. 三天后，病人又起床活动了。 Three days later, patient was up and about again. 收音机开着。 The radio is on. 她坐在那里沉默了一会儿，然后哭了起来。

6、She sat silently for a while, then started weeping.英语介词词组 英语介词词组与汉语动词之间的相互转换 英语介词丰富，而汉语中的介词那么很少，因此，有些动词需求转换成介词词组。 例如： 没有植物，生命就无法延续。 Without plants, life could not go on. 机器靠电来运转。 Machines work on electricity. 她英语说得很棒，带着美国腔，却并不非常夸张。 She spoke English well with an American accent, not, though, a very

7、exaggerated one. 中国阅历了一系列艰苦的变革和实验。 China has been through a wrenching series of changes and experiments. 我再向外看时，他已抱了朱红的橘子望回走。 When next I looked out he was on his way back with some ruddy tangerines. 英语中有些副词往往不一定写为以-ly结尾的副词，而是转换成“介词名词构造。例如：他诧异地望着我。He looked at me in amazement.国王立刻派人去把他请来。他过来面见国王时，彬彬

8、有礼地向国王致以问候。The king sent for him immediately, and when he came into the kings presence hegreeted him with due courtesy.我决议把这个班分成三组轮番给他们上课。I decided to split the class into three groups and teach them in turn.汤姆关上车窗，一声不吭地背靠椅子坐着，心里充溢着敌意。Tom closed the car window and sat back in his seat, in hostile si

9、lence.父亲不赞成地看着他。Father looked at him in disapproval.动身访美之前，一位旧时同窗写来封航空信，再三拜托我为他带几颗生枣核。Before I set out for the US, a former schoolmate of mine wrote me by airmail, asking me in all earnest to bring him some raw date stone. 英语中许多描画词都有笼统名词的方式，如successfulsuccess，comfortcomfortable等，而绝大多数汉语描画词却没有名词方式，所以

10、英语中的这类笼统名词经常可以与汉语中的描画词互换。例如： 这件事不急。 There is no immediate hurry. 在上海召开的亚太经合组织会议非常胜利。 The APEC meeting in Shanghai was a great success. 中国日益昌盛昌盛，全世界华人为此感到骄傲。 The increasing prosperity of China has brought pride to all the Chinese people in the world. 所谓回想者，虽说可以使人欢欣，有时也难免使人寂寞， For although recalling t

11、he past may bring happiness, at times it cannot but bring loneliness, 哪知老境如此颓唐！ No one could have foreseen such a come-down in his old age.副词与描画词的相互转换 他在拘留所里焦急地熬过了一天。 He spent an anxious day in the lockup. 那个窃贼颤抖着交待了本人干的坏事。 The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoings. 他结结巴巴地用英语同那个外国人交谈。

12、 He talked to the foreigner in hesitant English. 两国之间有着传统的友好关系。 Traditionally, there have been very good relations between the two countries. 我记起这件事来了，不无赞赏地笑笑， I remembered this not without some grateful laughter英语写作之正话反说与反话正说 任何民族的思想都有一定与否认之分，但各自表达一定与否认的方式却不尽一样，英汉两个民族也不例外。比如，在表达否认意义时，汉语没有严厉意义上的形状变化

13、，表达方式较为简单，易于识别，几乎一切表达否认意义的词语中都含有明显的否认标志词“不、“无、“非、“莫、“勿、“未、“否、“别、“没有等。英语那么不同，其否认方式要复杂得多，除了运用否认词外，还有一些独特的表现手段，如大量运用否认词缀如dis-；il-；in-；non-；un-；-less等和方式一定、意义否认的各类词语如fail；deny；defy；miss；lack；ignore；but；except；beyond、短语如instead of；in place of等或其他构造如morethan；other than；rather than等。 另外，由于两种言语的差别和思想方式的不同，有

14、时候英语用否认方式表达的意义，汉语只能用一定的方式来表达；英语用一定表达的意义，汉语只能用否认的方式来表达。反之亦然。例如：我们快到家了；马上就要到了。Were almost home; well be there in no time.“我们连五分钟也不能耽搁了。“不，不，我们多待一会好了！卡茜接嘴道。“We cannot remain five minutes longer.“Yes, yes, we can! replied Cathy.以前，我总觉得有位阿姨很好笑，她每次开车去一个地方都要带上一盒全麦饼干。I used to be amused by an aunt who never

15、 drove anywhere without a box of grahamcrackers.油漆未干。Wet paint.昨晚我没出去。I stayed at home last night.我一定努力学习，决不孤负父母的期望。I will work hard to live up to my parents expectation.我们讨论中国文化问题，不要忘记这些根本观念。These basic concepts must be kept in mind in our discussion of Chinas cultural problems.正话反说 由于英汉两种言语和思想方式之间

16、的种种差别，英语中由一定方式表达的句子在汉语中找不到与之对应的表达方式，因此，有时要转换成否认方式，才符合的表达习惯 确实，阅读远非知识的独一来源。 True, reading is far from the only source of knowledge. 膂力劳动者通常在任何场所都不会感到拘谨。 The manual worker is usually quite at ease in any company. 他要我死，我更不能让他活。 You want me, but I want you even more. “我爱他。她说。“我也是。我答道。尽量不用那句铿锵有力而又非常危险的话语

17、。 “I love you, she said. “So do I, I replied, shunning the use of that powerful and dangerous statement. 我们刚到家就开场下雨了。 We had no sooner got home than it began to rain. 他可是非常英勇的。 He is no coward.反话正说 白天里一定要做的事，一定要说的话，如今都可不理。 All that one is obliged to do, or to say, in the daytime, can be very well ca

18、st aside now. 上野的樱花烂漫的时候，望去却也像绯红的轻云，但花下也缺不了成群结队的“清国留学生的速成班， but under the flowers you would always find groups of short-term “students from the Chinese Empire, 怀特教授说，他依然希望本人是第一个完成首例人类头颅移植手术的人，但他同时也成认，本人毕竟已入暮年，不免力不从心。 Prof. White said he still hoped to be the first to complete the first human head tr

19、ansplant, but conceded his age was working against him.拆离法 拆离，是指为了使译文行文符合译入语的表达习惯而将原文中个别的词、词组或句子分解开来 前事不忘，后事之师也。 Do not forget previous experiences but take them as lessons for generations. 一个王后是如何地尊贵呀，回如何地被人们像捧天上的星星一样的捧来捧去呀。 How honorable and respectable a queen was and how she would be praised to the skies and worshiped like stars! 它那得意的神态，确实招人喜欢。 Its proud and self-satisfied manner was really enchanting.释义法 释义，顾名思义，就是解释词语的意义。求得深层对应，最终目的是为了使作文在风格上坚持前后一致，上下一向，可以防止该词在译文中所产生的突兀感和格格不入感。采用释义法要留意两点：一释义要准确，要有根有据，不能胡乱解