单项填空解读(12非谓语动词)

1、12.非谓语动词非谓语动词是高考的必考项目，单项填空题一般有1-3题涉及该内容。题目的设置有注重情景化和结构复杂化的趋势。主要考查：作宾语的选择用不定式，现在分词还是过去分词作宾补，以及用不定式作宾补时不定式符号 to 的省略问题；不定式、现在分词和过去分词作状语时的区别；用不定式、-ing 形式还是过去分词作定语；非谓语动词的时态、语态、否定式复合结构形式等。11. -The music sounds very sweet. Lets go dancing, shall we? -Ok. The music is very pleasant to _.A. dance B. dance to

2、 C. be dance D. be dance to解读此题考查“不定式主动形式表被动意义”的用法。在“be + adj +不定式”句式中及不定式结构作定语时，不定式往往用主动形式表被动意义，不定式需用及物动词。如果不定式为不及物动词，必须加上动词本身或意义上所需要的介词。如：The ice is thick enough for us to skate on.这冰足够厚我们可在上面滑。2We have nothing to worry about.我们没有什么可担心的。但当不定式作定语，句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语的时候，不定式的语态要根据情况而定。如：I will go to Beij

3、ing on business tomorrow, do you have anything to be taken to your son studying in Beijing University?我明天去北京出差，你有什么东西需要带给你在北大读书的儿子吗？（的动作并不是发出的，故不定式用被动式。）答案 B.32. The pollution is getting worse and worse. We must stop pollution _ longer.A. living B. from living C. to live D. live解读此题考查不定式作目的状语的用法，有相当

4、大的迷惑性。受思维定势的影响易选 A 或 B 。如果细心思考一下，A、B显然不符合语意。句意为：我们必须防止污染，以便活的更长寿一点。故要求选择不定式作目的状语。答案 C. 43. Has the boy who was made use of _ realize his mistakes?A. stealing B. stolen C. to steal D. for stealing解读此题考查不定式作目的状语的用法。结构有相当大的复杂性，受 of 的影响易误选 A。我们可以采用句子结构主干成分分析法和简化法来帮助解题。主句的主语为 the boy，谓语为 has realized，宾语为

5、 his mistakes。who 引导一个定语从句修饰先行词 boy，定语从句是一个被动语态，我们可以把他简化成主动语态形式：someone made use of the boy，可见 steal 并不是作 of的宾语，而是作目的状语，故用不定式作目的状语。答案 C.54. He is often listened _ English songs, but this time we had him _ a Russian songs.A. to to sing; sing B. to sing; to singC. sing; to sing D. sing; sing解读此题考查不定式作

6、宾补和主补时不定式符号 to 的省略问题。see, watch, observe, notice, look at, let, have, make, hear, listen to, feel 等动词后的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号 to 要省略。但当不定式作主补时（即用于被动语态的时候），不定式符号 to 不能省略。如：6I noticed him enter the meeting room.我注意到他进了会议室。She was made to work all day.她被迫整天工作。答案 listen to 本身带有一个介词 to，listen 后面的不定式作主补时，不定式符号 to

7、是不能省略的。在后一个句子中，使役动词 had 后面的不定式作宾补，故 sing 前的 to 要省略。 选 A.75. Im sorry I cant help _ the flowers, because Im busy preparing for the singing competition _ tomorrow.A. watering; to be held B. water; being heldC. to water; held D. to water; to be held解读 cant help doing sth 表示“情不自禁做某事”，cant help to do sth

8、 而表示“不能帮助做某事”之意，根据句意，第一空应用 to water。后一空考查非谓语动词作定语的区别。过去分词作定语表示分词发生的时间先于句子谓语动词。现在分词作定语表示分词所表示的动作和谓语动词同时发生。不定式作定语往往表示一个将来的动作。根据 tomorrow 可知“唱歌比赛”在明天举行，故用不定式作定语。答案 D.86. Im sorry, Tony, I had meant _ your birthday party yesterday, but an unexpected dropped in.A. to attend B. attending C. to attending D

9、. attended解读此题考查不定式和动名词作宾语的辨析。有些动词后面既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语，但接动名词和不定式意义差别很大。如：remember, forget 后接动名词，动名词表示的动作已发生过，而后接不定式，则不定式所表示的动作尚未发生；regret 后接动名词，表示“对已做某事表示后悔”，而后接不定式，表示“对将做某事表示遗憾”；try 后接动名词，表示“试一试，试验”的意思，后接不定式，表示“设法，试图，尽力而为”的意思。后接动名词，表示“一直/继续干某事”。9go on 后接不定式，表示“做完一件事，接着做另一件事”。如：Try using another method

10、.用另一种方法试试看。The doctor is trying to save the dying boy.医生正在设法抢救那个垂死的男孩。答案 mean doing sth 表示“意思是/意味着”，mean to do sth 而表示“打算做，有意做，存心做”之意。选 A. 107. Tony was very angry at _ to a higher position.A. I not promoting B. my not being promotedC. not me being promoted D. not promoted解读此题考查动名词的复合结构和否定形式。动名词的否定形

11、式是在动名词前加否定词 not 或 never，可排除 C。动名词的逻辑主语 me/ my 和 promote 之间存在被动关系，故需用动名词的被动形式。排除 A.答案 B.118. The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself _.A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. to hear解读此题考查过去分词作宾补的用法。make oneself heard/ understood/ known 意为“使自己被听到/理解/认识”。答案 B.129. Which do you enjoy _ your

12、weekend, swimming or fishing?A. spending B. being spent C. spend D. to spend解读此题考查不定式做目的状语的用法。容易受 enjoy 后面接动名词作宾语的影响而误选 A。enjoy 的宾语是which, to spend是目的状语。答案 B.1310. In order not to be found, Ill spend the night _ in your room.A. locking B. locked C. to lock D. lock解读此题考查过去分词做伴随状语的用法。由于受 spend doing s

13、th 句型的影响，易误选 A。lock 的逻辑主语 I 和 lock 之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词做伴随状语。答案 B.1411. We have visited the temple _ from the 14th century and the big clock _ 2000 years ago.A. dates; built B. dated; buildingC. dating; built D. to date; building解读此题考查分词作定语的区别。the temple 与 date from 是主动关系，用现在分词作定语；而 clock 和 build 是被动关系，用

14、过去分词作定语。答案 C. 1512. The old woman had a letter from her son in the army _ to her.A. read B. write C. written D. received解读此题考查 have sth done（请别人做某事）句型，句意为“这个老太太请人读她在部队的儿子寄来的信”。答案 A.1613. To our surprise, the painting considered _ should have won the prize.A. being copied B. having been copiedC. to h

15、ave copied D. to have been copied解读此题考查不定式作宾补的情况。consider, forbid, advise, permit, allow 等动词接动名词作宾语，但接不定式作宾补。在此题中 considered 是过去分词作定语修饰 the painting. consider 后面要求接不定式作宾（主）补，故可排除 A 和 B。the painting 和 copy 之间存在被动关系，且 copy 动作发生在consider 之前，故答案为 D。此句可译为：“令我们吃惊的是，那幅被认为是抄袭的绘画作品竟获了奖。”答案 D.1714. I can hard

16、ly imagine so pretty a girl like you _ boxing.A. like B. to like C. liking D. to have liked解读考查动名词作宾语的情况。有些动词（动词短语）只接动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语，常常成为考查的重点，尤其是这些动词的动名词的复合结构形式，更要引起我们的注意。如：mind, avoid, finish, escape, practice, stop, suggest, consider, forbid, advise, risk, miss, delay, admit, appreciate, deny, e

17、ndure, excuse, imagine, give up, be used to, devote to, look forward to, insist on, put off, feel like, cant help, be busy, be worth, keep on, waste/ spend(in)doing sth, have trouble/ difficulty (in) doing sth答案这里是动名词的复合结构，选 C.1815. The girl devote all her spare time she had _ othersA. to help B. helped C. to helping D. help解读破思维定势题，易误选 A。本句的主干结构为 devote ones life/ time/ energy to doing sth，其