英语语法种时态介绍PPT课件

1、动词的时态一般一般进行进行完成完成完成进行完成进行现在现在过去过去将来将来过去将来过去将来时式第1页/共33页动词的时态一般一般进行进行完成完成完成进行完成进行现在现在 do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing过去过去 didwere / was doinghad donehad been doing将来将来will / shall do will be doingwill have donewill have been doing过去将来过去将来 would dow o ul d b e doingwou

2、ld have donewould have been doing时式第2页/共33页1)describesthingsthathappenonaregularbasis,oftenusedwithadverbsoffrequency时间状语：every,sometimes,at,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.Hecyclestoworkeveryday.2)describespermanentsituationsTheearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.Waterboi

3、lsat100Centigrade.3）describesfixedeventsinthefutureTheplanetakesoffat9:00tomorrowmorning.第3页/共33页4)表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例如：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.5)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。Idontwantsomuch.AnnWangwritesgoodEnglishbutdoesnotspeakwell.NowIputthesuga

4、rinthecup.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Nowwatchme,Iswitchonthecurrentandstandback.第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况。6）祈使句中（togivedirectionsorinstructions)Godownthestreet,andthentakethesecondturningontheleft.第4页/共33页1）下列动词：come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时表将

5、来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情(timetabledorfixedevents)。Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowmorning.Whendoesthebusstart?Itstartsintenminutes.2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如：Herecomesthebus.=Thebusiscoming.Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.3)Itwillbe+(aperiodoftime)+before+(thepresentsimpletense).Itwillbeayearbeforewetakepartinth

6、euniversityentranceexaminations.第5页/共33页4）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. cf. I dont know when Bill will come. Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will

7、be pleased.如果你愿意接受并参加我们的舞会，我的家人会非常高兴。 Ill appreciate it if you will do me a favour.5）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that, see to it that 等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.第6页/共33页6 )在the morethe more句型中，从句也要用一般现在时取代将来时。 eg

8、:2. The harder you work, the more you will get.7 ) 主句为将来时， no matter what / who / which / when / whatever / whoever / whichever / whenever 从句中用一般现在时 Whatever you say, I will not change my mind. No matter which you like, Ill give it to you.第7页/共33页1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如：Wearewaitingforyou.2.短期内正在进

9、行的动作(withinatemporaryperiod)，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.HeisnowlivinginShanghai.(Theactionistemporary.)cf.HelivesinShanghai.SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.Iamfeedingtheneighbourscatthisweekwhileshesinhospital.Idontreallyworkhere；Iamjusthelpingoutuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.第8页/共33

10、页3. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 表示当前的动向与趋势 Technology is developing rapidly. Playing computer games is becoming more and more popular with young people.4. 表示动作正在进行，但倒装句中用一般现在时 如： Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.

11、 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.第9页/共33页 5. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind. You are always doing well Hes always asking the same question.6.状态动词的进行时后面接形容词brave;careful;stupid;clever;foolish;polite;kind;shy等时，为主语所表现的非一般惯

12、性特点或故意的行为。eg:1.Youarebeingveryclevertoday.2.Heisbeingpolite.3.Mysonisbeingagoodboyatthemoment.第10页/共33页7.used to express arrangements in the futureWerespendingnextwinterinAustralia.ShesleavingforShanghaitomorrow.(oftenwithwordslikearrive,come,go,leave)第11页/共33页 The action is likely to continue after

13、 the time of speaking, but is likely to stop at some point. It is temporary. eg. Ill be with you in a minute . Im just finishing something in the kitchenImwritingtotellyouthat第12页/共33页如：have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continueIhavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongst

14、omysister.如：know,realize,thinksee,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hateIneedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.如：accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice.如：seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn

15、Youseemalittletired.第13页/共33页1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow?IsawTominthestreetyesterday.IboughtthisTVsetinBeijinglastyear.2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.Healwayswenttoworkbybus.Heusedtoactlik

16、ethat.第14页/共33页3）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。（1）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。例如：Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwantedtoaskyouaboutthat.Didyouwanttospeaktomenow?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.（2）情态动词could,would，例如：Couldyoulendmeyourbike?4）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。IfIwereabird,IwouldflytoBeijing.Ifhewereherenow,wecouldt

17、urntohimforhelp.第15页/共33页Itistimeforsb.todosth“到时间了；该了”，例如：Itistimeforyoutogotobed.你该睡觉了。Itistimesb.didsth.“时间已迟了；早该了”，例如：Itistime你早该睡觉了。would(had)rathersb.didsth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”，例如：Idrather.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since分句Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.Christinewasaninvalidallherlife.(含义：她已不在人间。)Christineha

18、sbeenaninvalidallherlife.(含义：她现在还活着)Mrs.DarbylivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs.DarbyhaslivedinKentuckyforsevenyears.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)第16页/共33页usedto与wouldusedto-describeactionswhichhappenedregularlyinthepastbutno longer happenused to be - describes past states that have change

19、d Heusedtobeateacher. （） He would be a teacher.（）would-describeactionswhichhappenedregularlyinthepastbutnow happen with more or less frequencycf.be/getusedto-be/becomeaccustomedto第17页/共33页Sometimesthetimebecomesdefiniteasaresultofaquestionandanswerinthepresentperfecteg.1)-Wherehaveyoubeen?-Ivebeento

20、theopera.-Didyouenjoyit?2)-Ihaveboughtadictionary.-Wheredidyoubuyit?/Whendidyoubuyit?3)-Haveyouseenmystamps?-Yes.Isawthemonyourdeskaminuteago.第18页/共33页主句为过去时态，宾语从句中的运用 Ididntknowyouwerehere.语境中的“刚刚，在过去”-Comeonin,Peter.Iwanttoshowyousomething.-Oh,howniceofyou.Ineverthoughtyouweregoingtobringmeagift.Y

21、ourphonenumberagain?Ididntquitecatchit.第19页/共33页1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3)常用的时间状语有：thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while例句：Mybrotherfellwhilehewasridinghisbicycleandhurthimself.Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.When

22、Igottothetopofthemountain,thesunwasshining.第20页/共33页ShewaswatchingTVwhileherbrotherwaslisteningtotheradio.TheWhiteswerehavingdinnerwhentherewasaknockonthedoor.Iwaswonderingifyoucouldgivemealift. Iwashelpingmymotherinthekitchenalldayyesterday.Shewaswritingabooklastyear.ButIdontknowwhethershehasfinish

23、edit.cf.Shewroteabooklastyear.Ithassoldwell.第21页/共33页1)shall常用于第一人称cf.Shallhecomein?(Doyouwanthimtocomein?)will可以用于各种人称Hewillbeeighteennextmonth.2)begoingto+不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事(事先考虑好）。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth.c.有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds;

24、itisgoingtorain.Sheisputtingonweight.Sheisgoingtobequitefat.3)be+不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。WearetodiscussthereportnextSaturday.第22页/共33页4)beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做某事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.beaboutto不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。5)bedoing-adefinitearrangementinthenearfutureImtakinganexaminOctober.(imp

25、lies:Ihaveenteredforit.)BobandBillaremeetingtonight.(implies:Theyhavearrangedit.)cf.begoingto-anexpressionofintentionImgoingtosellthecar.(Imyselfplantosellit.)Whenhefindsabuyer,hecansay:Imsellingthecar.第23页/共33页6)willbedoing-Itmerelystatesthatthisactionwillhappen.Itimpliesanactionwhichwilloccurinthe

26、normalcourseofevents.eg.IllbeseeingTomtomorrow.(perhapstheyworktogether)cf.ImseeingTomtomorrow.(ItimpliesthatTomandthespeakerhasdeliberatelyarrangedthemeeting.)IamgoingtoGuangzhou.I_Kate.(see)Doyouhavesomethingto_toher?(take)willbeseeingbetaken第24页/共33页 be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划

27、。例如：I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排) 祈使句+并列连词+简单句 的句式中，常用一般将来时。 eg: Hurry up and you will get the last bus第25页/共33页 用于条件句时，be going to表将来，will表意愿。例如： If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possib

28、le. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 预见 Youll feel better after taking this medicine. 意图 （说话时才考虑到的 ） -You forgot to turn the light off. - So I did. I will go and turn it off. 第26页/共33页 I in London for many years，but Ive never regretted

29、 my final decision to move back to China. （06重庆） A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived 第27页/共33页1)Mary_adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.madeB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.makes答案C.割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2)Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreadi

30、ng;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell答案B.句中的as=when,while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的fell(fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fallsick。第28页/共33页1.Look!Howwonderfulmycaris!Oh,Jack.Whatareyouthinkingabout?Dontyoulikeit?ImsorryI_anyremarkaboutitintime.Icertainlythinkitssmart.

31、A.wasntmakingB.dontmakeC.wontmakeD.didntmake2.TofindthestreetwhereIlivedinmychildhoodisnoeasytaskbecausethecity_sorapidlyalltheseyears.A.ischangingB.haschangedC.willhavechangedD.willchange3.He_quitewell,buthehasnthadtimetoswimsincethissummer.A.willswimB.haveswumC.swamD.swims4.Jimmysaidthathewouldcom

32、etopickmeup,buthe_bynow.A.hasntturnedupB.doesntturnupC.wontturnupD.hadntturnedup第29页/共33页5. Im terribly sorry for being late, but I _ the wrong bus.A. catch B. had caught C. caught D. catching7. The truth, sir, is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.A. was to walk B. had been walking C. walked D. was walking8. I really dont think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in case she _.A. is B. does C. will be D. has been9. The