货代英语Unit 6 Documentary Credit 2

1、Unit 6 Documentary Credit跟单信用证 本节重点： 1 信用证有关各方当事人 2 信用证的基本内容 3 跟单信用证的基本程序 4 信用证结算的特征 5 信用证的类型 A letter of credit is one of the international payment methods. In China, payment of international transactions is often effected by using Letter of Credit. In order to provide uniform rules for traders to

2、follow, the International Chamber of （Abbreviated to ICC）set up the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, which has been revised several times. The latest edition is called the UCP600Transaction:(一笔)交易Chamber tembr会所Effect：实现，使.生效Abbreviated brivet to 缩写为 信用证是国际贸易中常用的一种支付手段。在我国国际交易中常

3、会涉及到信用证的使用，为了贸易者在使用信用证时有一个统一的原则，国际商会发布了跟单信用证统一惯例，这一规则经过多次修订，最新的版本是2007年修订的跟单信用证统一惯例原则第600号出版物。一、信用证的定义 Notes: written: 书面的，成文的 =oral口头的 promise: 约定，保证 at the request of : 应（某人）的请求 on the instruction of: 凭（某人）的指示 applicant: 申请人 beneficiary: 受益人 specify: 指定，详列 ，规定 provide ( that ): 假若，规定 comply with:

4、依从，服从，遵从 terms and conditions: 条款 A letter of credit ( L/C, or credit ) is the written promise of a bank to act at the request and on the instruction of the applicant and to undertake payment to the beneficiary in the amount specified in the credit, provide that the beneficiary complies with the ter

5、ms and conditions of the credit. 信用证是指银行应申请人的要求和其指示开立的承诺在受益人履行信用证条款后按信用证规定的金额付款给受益人的书面保证文件。二、信用证的有关各方当事人（考试重点） There are many parties involved in the L/C operation. They are the applicant, issuing bank, advising bank, beneficiary, negotiating bank, and so on. 信用证操作过程中涉及到许多当事人（方），他们是申请人，开证银行，通知银行，受益人

6、，议付银行等。Notes： apply to: 向申请或要求 open a letter of credit: 开立信用证 opener: 申请开证人 accounteekaunti: 开证申请人 1、Applicant（申请人） An applicant is the party that applies to a bank for opening a letter of credit. An applicant may also be called “opener” or “accountee”. It is usually the buyer or importer in a contr

7、act. 申请人是指向银行申请开立信用证的一方。申请人也称“申请开证人”或“开证申请人”。通常是合同中的买方或进口商。2、Issuing bank （开证行） An issuing bank refers to the bank that issues a letter of credit at the request of the applicant, and is responsible for payment of the proceeds under an L/C if the terms and conditions of the credit are complied with.

8、开证行应申请人要求开立信用证的银行，并在信用证条款履行后负责支付信用证项下的款项。3、advising bank （通知行） An advising bank is usually a bank in the sellers country. Of course, it may also be in a third country. Upon instructions and entrustment of the issuing bank, the advising bank advises the beneficiary of the L/C. entrustment: 委托 通知行通常是卖

9、方所在国银行，也可在第三国家。凭开证行的指示和委托，通知受益人相关信用证事宜。4、Beneficiary （受益人） A beneficiary refers to the party in whose favor an L/C is opened and which should comply with the terms and conditions of the credit in order to receive the proceeds. It usually refers to the seller, the exporter. in ones favor：对某人有利，以某人为受益

10、人 comply with:遵守 受益人是指信用证受益一方，需按信用证条款履行义务以获得付款。通常是指的卖方，或出口商。 draft: 汇票，付款通知单 be authorized to: 有权做，被允许 stipulation: 不可数规定; 可数条款, 条件 documentary draft: 跟单汇票 5、Negotiating bank 议付银行 A negotiating bank is the bank that negotiates the beneficiarys draft(s). It may be the advising bank or another bank au

11、thorized to negotiate the documents. If there is no specific stipulation in the L/C, the exporter may present the documentary draft to any bank that is able to do the negotiation. 中文意思：议付行是对受益人汇票进行议付的银行。议付行可以是通知行或者其他有权议付单证的银行。如果信用证中无特殊规定，出口商可以向任何银行提交跟单汇票进行议付。三、信用证的基本内容 An L/C can be opened by mail,

12、by cable, or by SWIFT. Although there are no uniform forms covering an L/C, their contents are basically the same. Cable: 电报SWIFT ( Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) 环球银行间金融电讯协会Uniform form: 统一格式 信用证可以通过邮件，电报以及SWIFT格式开立。尽管信用证没有统一的格式，但其内容基本一样。 They include all the important

13、 terms and conditions of the sales contract signed by the two parties: documents required, the bankers undertaking clauses, and any special conditions in the L/C. documents required: 单证要求 banker: 银行 clause: 条款 这些基本内容包括所有买卖方双方签署的合同中的重要条款：单证要求，银行保证条款，以及其他信用证的特别规定。 四、跟单信用证的基本程续（考试重点） 三个基本步骤： 1、Issuance

14、 juns of the L/C 信用证开立 The process of a buyer applying for and opening a documentary credit at the issuing bank, and the issuing banks notification of the L/C to the seller through the advising bank. 信用证开立是买方向开证行申请开立信用证，通过通知行向卖方发出开证行开证通知。 2、Amendment to the L/C if necessary 如需对信用证进行修改 The process wh

15、ereby the terms and conditions of a documentary credit may be modified after the credit has been issued. amendment: 修正, 改正, 修订 whereby: 因此，为何，由此 modify: 变更，修改 在信用证开立后如需对跟单信用证的条款进行更改需进行信用证的修改。 3、Utilization and settlement 使用和支付 The process whereby the seller ships the goods, transfers the documents f

16、rom the seller to the buyer through banks, and transfers the proceeds from the buyer to the seller through banks in different ways (the settlement). 这一过程是卖方装运货物，将单证通过银行转让给买方，并且再由买方通过银行向卖方通过各种途径付款。 上述三个步骤是信用证操作的基本步骤，但是具体实施步骤因信用证的不同而有所不同。 五、信用证结算的特征（考试重点）信用证结算有三个方面的基本特征：1. the issuing bank has the pri

17、mary liability for payment 开证行负有首要付款的责任2. L/C is a self-sufficient instrument 信用证是一种自给自足的结算工具。 self-sufficient: 自给自足的 instrument: 工具，手段，方法 3. L/C is simply a document transaction. 信用证是简单的单证交易。 relevant: 相关的，有关联的 deal with: 处理，安排，涉及 rather than: 而不是 conform to: 遵照，符合 take up a matter with：与交涉 default

18、ing party: 违约方，为履行合同的一方 （defaulting: 违约，不履行义务） have nothing to do with: 与无关 be in order: 整齐, 状况良好, 适宜 have the right to (do sth)：有权做（某事） The relevant parties deal with documents only, rather than with the goods or services. If the goods do not conform to the documents after the applicant pays the is

19、suing bank, the applicant can only take this matter up with the defaulting parties. It has nothing to do with the bank. However, if the goods are in order, but the documents are not correct, the issuing bank and the applicant have the right to refuse to pay the seller. 信用证的相关各方只需处理单证方面事宜，而不需处理货物或者服务

20、。如果货物在申请人向开证行付款后发现与单证不符，申请人只能与违约方进行交涉。与银行无关。但是，如果货物状况良好，但是单证有误，开证行和申请人均有权拒绝向卖方付款。六、信用证的类型（考试重点）六、信用证的类型（考试重点）信用证根据环境可分为许多种类型，一种信用证同时可能有不同的特征。信用证根据环境可分为许多种类型，一种信用证同时可能有不同的特征。1. Documentary Credits vs. Clean Credits 跟单信用证与光票信用证跟单信用证与光票信用证If shipping documents are required, these credits are called doc

21、umentary credits. If shipping documents are not required and only drafts are required, they are called clean credits.documentary credit: 跟单信用证跟单信用证clean credit: 光票信用证光票信用证如果信用证附带有装运单据，则称为跟单信用证。如果信用证不附带单据仅附如果信用证附带有装运单据，则称为跟单信用证。如果信用证不附带单据仅附带汇票，则称为光票信用证。带汇票，则称为光票信用证。 2. Irrevocable Documentary Credits

22、 不可撤销信用证不可撤销信用证 Irrevocable credits means that once the L/C is opened, it cannot be cancelled or amended within its term of validity without the agreement of the issuing bank, the confirming bank, if any, and the beneficiary. irrevocable: 不能撤销的, 不能恢复的 once: 一旦 term of validity vldti : 有效期 不可撤销信用证是指信

23、用证一旦开立，在有效期内未经开证行，保兑行以及受益人的同意不得撤销和更改的信用证。3. Confirmed vs. Unconfirmed Credits 保兑信用证与不保兑信用证保兑信用证与不保兑信用证 Under irrevocable documentary credits, depending on whether there is another bank in addition to that of the issuing bank undertaking to pay, an irrevocable letter of credit can be either a confirm

24、ed or unconfirmed L/C. If a credit is not confirmed by another bank, it is an unconfirmed L/C.confirmed credit: 保兑信用证 unconfirmed credit: 不保兑信用证depend on: 依赖，取决于 in addition to: 除之外 undertake to do: 承担，承诺 不可撤销信用证是否为保兑信用证，取决于是否存在除了开证行以外的另外一家银行也承诺付款，不可撤销信用证可以是保兑或者不保兑信用证。如果信用证无其他银行保兑，则它是不保兑信用证。 The und

25、ertaking to pay is the sole responsibility of the issuing bank. An irrevocable confirmed documentary credit is one that contains the guarantee of payment to the beneficiary by both the issuing bank and confirming bank so long as the terms and conditions of the credit are met. sole: 唯一的 guarantee: 保证

26、，担保，担保书 so long as: 只要 开证行唯一的责任是付款。不可撤销保兑信用证即只要满足了信用证条款的要求，开证行和保兑行都可担保向受益人履行付款义务 effect payment: 履行付款, 支付款项 effect negotiation: 进行议付 upon receipt of: 一旦收到（on receipt of: 当收到的时候） in conformity with: 和一致，和符合 stipulations: （复数）条款，条件 sight payment credit: 即期付款信用证 sight negotiation credit: 即期议付信用证 4. Sig

27、ht Credits vs. Time Credits 即期信用证与远期信用证 1）即期信用证 Sight credits mean that the issuing bank or its nominated bank effects payment or negotiation immediately upon receipt of the drafts and/or other documents that are in conformity with the stipulations of the L/C, such as a sight payment credit and sigh

28、t negotiation credit. 即期信用证是指开证行或者其他指定银行一旦收到与信用证条款相符的汇票或者其他单据后立即履行付款义务或进行议付的信用证，比如即期付款信用证和即期议付信用证 sellers time credit: 卖方远期信用证 deferred payment credit: 延期付款信用（deferred:延期的，延缓的）acceptance credit: 承兑信用证 buyers time credit: 买方远期信用证 2） 远期信用证 A time credit includes the sellers time credits (deferred paym

29、ent credits and acceptance credits) and the buyers time credits. 远期信用证包括卖方远期信用证（延期付款信用证和承兑信用证）和买方远期信用证 payment credit: 付款信用证 sight payment credit: 即期付款信用证 negotiation credit：议付信用证 anticipatory credit: 预支信用证 (anticipatory: ntsp,t()r预期的，先行的) revolving credit: 循环信用证 transferable credit: 可转让信用证 back-to-back credit: 背对背信用证 5. 其他类型信用证 Additionally, there are also payment credits (sight payment credit and deferred payment credits), acceptance credits, negotiation credits, anticipatory credits, revolving credits