英文论文的结构

1、编辑课件 英语论文的结构 唐唐 荣荣 年年编辑课件Construction guidelines Title Abstract Introduction Methods Results References Tables and figures编辑课件1. Title Be short, accurate, and unambiguous Give your paper a distinct personality Begin with the subject of the studyTips： （1）Careful & Meaningful （2）Dont begin with St

2、udies on.， Investigation on 编辑课件(1) A study of the structural series in the Tl-Ca-Ba-Cu-O superconducting system(2) Formation mechanism of H2Ti3O7 nanotubes(3) Surface structural chemistry of high Tc superconductors by HREM(4) Direct preparation of nanoporous carbon by nanocasting(5) Synthesis, stru

3、cture solution, characterization and catalytic properties of TNU-10: a high-silica zeolite with the STI topology编辑课件(1) The title is the only part of your paper most people will read - make it clear, concise and informative;(2) Actual findings should be described with claims that can be supported(3)

4、 It should be catchy / memorable(4) The title is a label, not a sentence编辑课件(1) Student first, supervisor second(2) An author of a paper should be defined as one who takes intellectual responsibility for the research results being reported(3) Give credit where it is due. It does not cost anything, a

5、nd it creates friends. Science is more of a social activity than you might think(4) Authors affiliations and corresponding authorThe list of Authors编辑课件 The abstract is vitally important - - without doubt the most important 200- -300 words in the paper Never forget that the abstract is often the onl

6、y thing readers will read from your paper. Pay attention to it! Make it very concise, clear-cut, easy to read. Avoid technical terms or complicated reasoning2. Abstract use short sentences work is written in past tense use active voiceThis paperThis study编辑课件Should include: Purposes, Procedures, Met

7、hods, Results, Conclusions Should answer: What I want to do? How I did it? What results did I get ? What conclusions can I draw? What is new and original in this paper?编辑课件Tips: First 1-2 sentences: introduction to the concept Next 1-2 sentences: the system and the specific question Next x sentences

8、, a brief summary of the results Final 1-2 sentences: conclusion编辑课件Notice: Typed as a single paragraph No abbreviations /or citations Eliminate or minimize background information Avoid repeating the title or part of the title in the first sentence of the abstract Limit the abstract to new informati

9、on dont use commentary words (satisfying, most) 编辑课件This investigation was performed to see if the aluminum in pop cans (易拉罐)and aluminum cookware enters the liquid they contain. It was hypothesized that aluminum does enter the liquids in aluminum cans and cookware. This experiment was performed by

10、testing seven different types of carbonated beverages and water boiled in aluminum cookware for three hours. Every hour a sample was removed for testing. The cookware consisted of a new and old aluminum pot. The colorimetric method was used to determine the concentration of aluminum. The results sho

11、wed that aluminum was present in carbonated beverages and in the water boiled in the cookware . It was concluded that aluminum existed in carbonated beverages and substances cooked in aluminum cookware, and that the concentration of aluminum increased with time. 编辑课件Objectives,purpose,hypotheses . .

12、 Methods,materials,procedures . . . Results,data,observations,discussion . . Conclusions . . .Journal example:编辑课件Conference example:solved: Objectives of this study, hypothesis:. . Methods, materials, procedures: . . . .Results, data, observations, discussion:. Conclusions: . 编辑课件Dissertation examp

13、le:Background, problems that need to be solved, rationale for the present study . .Objectives and scope of this study . . .Outline of the main contents and results . . Conclusions:. 编辑课件 What is known What is not known Why we did this study3. Introduction编辑课件 No more than 3 pages A bad beginning mak

14、es a bad ending (Correct writing) call attention to the specific subject, define the problem (Not too much) provide background and present the study results Should not be (too) technical list the structure of your research project and what you plan to present in your paper编辑课件Tips: the way to induce

15、 the problem The deficiency of Wangs approach is The problem of these papers However, the mechanism has not been fully understood. None of the other phases have been examined in detail. Carefully choose Word for the first time, most,. proved dont copy other papers introductions编辑课件4. Methods Partici

16、pants Measurements Outcomes and explanatory variables Statistical methods编辑课件 Sufficient detail so that work can be repeated Describe new methods in detail - the degree of replication and sensitivityCite the accepted method briefly using referenceIf a published method is modified, such modifications

17、 must be described in detailStatistical analysis of data if appropriateask a colleague if he/she can follow the methodologySince your procedures have been completed report them using past tense编辑课件 Sample characteristics Univariate analyses Bivariate analyses Multivariate analyses5. Results编辑课件 Gene

18、rally does NOT include explanations or discussion of the results Table and figure legends should be accompanied with sufficient information for main point Table and figure should be able to stand alone All tables and figures must be numbered in the order in which they are mentioned in the text Numerical data with the correct number of significant digits编辑课件6. References All citations must be accurate Include only the most important, most rigorous, and most recent literature Quote only published journal