英国文学史笔记(刘炳善著河南人民出版社)part7-8

1、Part7prose-writersandpoetsofthemidandlate49centuryChapter 1 ThomasCarlyleHewaselectedLordRectorofEdinburghUniversityHeisaliterarycriticSartorResartusTheFrenchRevolutionHeroesandHero-WorshipPastandPresentChapter 2 Ruskinandsomeotherprose-writers1 JohnRuskinHeisacritic.ArtcriticismandsocialcriticismHe

2、isasocialthinkerandamasterofEnglish.Hisprescriptionforthecontemporarysocialproblemswasfaulty,buthesincerelysympathizedwiththepeopleandexposedwithholywraththeevilsModernPainters2 MatthewArnold3 MacaulayChapter3AlfredTennyson1809T892（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）PoetLaureate（桂冠诗人） <InMemoriam>悼念Tomemorializ

3、ehisfriend <Break,Break,Break冲击、冲击、冲击 <IdyllsoftheKing>国王叙事诗Chapter4RobertBrowning罗伯特？白朗宁1812T889AfollowerofShelley<MyLastDutchess>我已故的公爵夫人 <HomeThoughtsFromAbroad>海外乡思 PippaPassesElizabethBarrettBrowing:<SonnetfromthePortuguese）葡萄牙十四行诗HeintroducedtoEnglishpoetryanewform,thed

4、ramaticmonologueHehasbeenpraisedasa"ageniusincourageousandhigh-heartedfigure",well-knownforbuoyantoptimism.Chapter5theRossettisandSwinburne1 DanteGabrielRossettiPoem:TheBlessedDamozel2 ChristinaGeorginaRossettiPoem:GoblinMarket3 Fitzgerald'sRubaiyat4 AlgernonCharlesSwinburneChapter 6 W

5、illiamMorrisPoet,artist,socialistPoem:TheDefenceofGuenvereTheLifeandDeathofJasonTheEarlyParadiseSigurdtheVolsungTheaimofhisworksistobringbeautyintothelifeofhiscountrymenProse:ADreamofJhonBallNewsfromNowhereChapter 7 literarytrensattheendofthecentury1 naturalism:Naturalismisaliterarytrendprevailingin

6、Euope.Accordingtothenaturalism,literaturemustbeturetolifeandexactlyreproducereallife,includingallitsdetailswithoutanyselection.Theyusuallywriteaboutthelifeofthepoorandoppressed,ortheslumlife,theycanolyrepresenttheexternalappearanceinsteadoftheinneressenceofreallife.GeorgeGissing,:<NewCrubStreet&g

7、t;2 neo-romanticismDissatisfiedwiththedrabanduglysocialrealityandyettryingtoavoidthepositivesolutionoftheacutesocialcontradictions.Theylaidemphasisupontheinventionofexcitingadventuresandfascinatingstoriestoentertainthereadingpublic.Theyledthenovelbacktowardsstiry-tellingandtoromance.RobertLouisSteve

8、nsonTreasureIsland金专艮岛3aestheticismArtforsake.Artshouldservenoreligious,moralorsocialens,noranyendexceptitself.WalterPater:<StudiesintheHistoryoftheRenaissance>latercalledTheRenaissanceHte"Conclusion"oftheTheRenaissanceisacrystallizationofhisfaithinthepursuitpfbeautyasthesole"su

9、ccessoflife".OscarWilde奥斯卡代尔德18561900(TheAestheticMovement:ArtforArt'sSake) 4Comedies:<TheImportanceOfBeingEarnest认真的重要<LadyWindermere'sFan温德米尔夫人的扇子<AWomanOfNoImportance>个无足轻重的女人<AnIdealHusband理想的丈夫 Novel:<ThePictureOfDorianGray多利安潞雷的画像 FairyStories:<TheHappyPrinceA

10、ndOtherTales快乐王子故事集Part820thcenturyEnglishliteratureChapter 1 thenewcentury:socialandhistoricalbackground1911-1914threegreatstrikesThecolonialdivisionoftheworldbythecapitalpowershadbeencompletedbytheendof19WWI1914-19181929,economiccrisisbrokeout1930s,werecalledRedDecadeChapter 2 Englishnovelofearly2

11、0thcentury1 therealistTheysoughtfornewwaysandmeansofrevealingthetruthoflife.SamuelBulter,GeorgeMeredith,HerbertGeorgeWells2 RudyardKipling"thebardofimperialism"诗集：BarrakRoomBallad营房诗集;TheSevenSeas七海;RecessionandOtherPoems赞美诗及其他;TheFiveNations五国长篇小说：Kim基姆；CaptainCourageous勇敢的船长短篇小说：PlainTal

12、esfromtheHills;SoldiersThere;TheStoryoftheGadsby;LifeHandcap生命的阻力;TheJungleBook;TheSecondJungleBook林莽之书;TheLostLegionArnoldBennett:TheOldWive'sTaleJosephConcrad(KLordJim>吉姆爷(ZXHeartOfDarkness黑暗的心1 .Whythebook'stitleisHeartofDarkness?ThestoryhappenedinCongo,theheartofAfrica,andthecolorofpe

13、ople'sskininthereisblack.Mostimportantpointaboutthetitleistotheevilinhumans'heart.2 .WhatisthesymbolismofblackandwhiteBlack/dark-death,evil,ignorance,mystery,savagery,uncivilizedMiddleAges,whenscienceandknowledgewassuppressed,astheDarkAges.AccordingtoChristianity,inthebeginningoftimeallwasda

14、rkandGodcreatedlight.AccordingtoHeartofDarkness,beforetheRomanscame,Englandwasdark.Inthesameway,Africawasconsideredtobeinthe“darkstage”.White/lightlife,goodness,enlightenment,civilized,religion.Yet,inConcrad,theusualpatternisreverseanddarknessmeanstruth(Thetruthwithin,thereforedarkandobscure.),white

15、nessmeansfalsehood.ThiscontrasttellsapoliticaltruthaboutcolonialismintheCongo.ThecontrastalsosuggestsapsychologicaltruthaboutMarlowandtheEuropeansmind.Whitealsosuggestsanynumberofunpleasantmoraltruths.Thetradeinivoryiswhiteanddirty.Kurtzthewhitemanistotallycorrupt3.CommentThebookimpliesthatcivilizat

16、ionsarecreatedbythelawsandcodesthatencouragementoachievehigherstandards.Thelawactsasabuffertopreventmenfromrevertingbacktotheirdarkertendencies.Civilization,however,mustbelearned.Londonitself,inthebookasymbolofenlightenment,wasonce"oneofthedarkerplacesoftheearth"beforetheRomansforcedcivili

17、zationupontheBritons.Butcivilizedsocietydoesnotgetridofprimevalsavagetendencieswhichlurkinthebackground.ThissavageryisseeninKurtz.MarlowmeetsKurtzandhefindsamanthathastotallythrownofftherestraintofcivilizationandhasde-evolvedintoaprimitivestate.4.CharacterKurtzrepresentswhateverymanwillbecomeifleftt

18、ohisownintrinsicdesireswithoutaprotective,civilizedenvironment.Marlowrepresentsthecivilizedsoulthathasnotbeendrawnbackintosavagerybyadark,alienatingjungle.5.NarrativeStructureInHeartofDarkness,wehaveanoutsidenarratortellingusastoryhehasheardfromMarlow.ThestoryMarlowtellscentersaroundKurtz.However,mo

19、stofwhatMarlowknowsaboutKurtz,hehaslearnedfromothers.TheyhavegoodreasonfornotbeingtruthfultoMarlow.ThereforeMarlowhastopiecetogethermuchofKurtz'sstory.HenryJames:DaisyMillerTheportraitofaLadyTheWingsoftheDoveTheambassadorsTheGoldenBowlKaterrineMansfield:InaGermanPensionBlissTheGardenPartyChapter

20、3ThomasHardy哈代1840-1928UndertheGreenwoodTree绿茵下;FarfromtheMaddingCrowd远离尘嚣;TheReturnoftheNative还乡；TheMayorofCasterbridge卡斯特桥市长；TessoftheD'urbervilles德伯家的苔丝；JudetheObscure无名的裘德诗集：WessexPoems威塞克斯诗集史诗剧：TheDynasts统治者三部曲Chapter 4 JohnGalworthy高尔斯华绥1867-1933FromtheFourWinds天涯海角（TheManofProperty有产业的人；I

21、nChancery骑虎难下；ToLet出租fTheForsyteSaga福尔塞世家）；（TheWhiteMonkey白猿；TheSilverSpoon银匙；SwanSong天鹅曲一AModernComedy现代喜剧）居ij作：TheSilverBox银匣；Strife斗争Chapter 5 theIrishdramaticmovement1 theAbbeyTheatreandLadyGregory2 JohnMillington:AplaywriterTheplayboyoftheWesternWorldRiderstotheSeaSeanO'Casey:TheShadowofaGu

22、nmanJunoandPaycockThePloughandtheStarsChapter6GeorgeBernardShaw乔治？（白纳%18561950（英国杰出的批判现实主义剧作家）criticalrealisticdramatistPlays PlaysUnpleasant<MrsWarren'SProfession伦夫人的职业Widowers'Houses鳏夫的房产 PlaysPleasantArmsAndMan>武器与人<TheManOfDestiny左右命运的人Plays<ManAndSuperman人与超人Pygmalion匹格玛禾U翁&

23、lt;TheAppleCart>苹果车SaintJoan圣女贞德Chapter 7 SomepoetsofEarly20thcenturyAgroupofwarpoetswhowroteold-fashionedpatriotismRupertbrookeJohnMasefieldAlfredEdwardhousmanChapter 8 modernisminpoetryImagism:AnAnglo-Americanpoeticmovementflourishinginthe1910s.Animagististhatwhichpresentsanintellectualandemoti

24、onalcomplexinaninstantoftime.Sotheimagistpoetryisakindofshakingofftheconvwntionalmetresandemhasizingontheuseofcommonspeech,newrhythmsandclearimages.WilliamButlerYeats威廉剂特勒研茨18651939(爱尔兰诗人，居【J作家；TheIrishnationalistmovement爱尔兰独立运动；TheIrishLiteraryRevival爱尔兰文艺复兴；TheIrishLiteraryTheater,ortheAbbeyTheate

25、r爱尔兰民族剧团)collections <TheWindAmongTheReeds>苇风Responsibilities责任 <TheTower>塔<TheWindingStair旋转的楼梯PoemsEaster1916>复活节，1916<TheSecondComing第二次来临/再世SailingToByzantium至U拜占庭航行ThomasSternsEliot(诗人，居U作家，批评家)(1) Poems <TheWasteLand FourQuartets四个四重奏 <TheLoveSongOfJ.AlfredPrufrockPl

26、ays <Murde门nTheCathedral大教堂谋杀案Chapter9thepsychologicalfictionModernistfictionemphasisonthedescriptionofthecharacters'psychologicalactivities,sosometomesbeencalledmodernpsychologicalfixtion.Novelists JamesJoyce DavidHerbertLawrence VirgirniaWoolf1.DavidHerbertLawrence戴维珊伯特的伦斯18851930SonsAndLov

27、ers儿子与情人(autobiographical)【Mrs.Morel,daughterofamiddle-classfamily,is"awomanofcharacterandrefinement",astrong-willed,intelligentandambitiouswomanwhoisfascinatedbyawarm,vigorousandsensuouscoalminer,WalterMorel,andmarriedbeneathherownclass.Then,shewasdespondedatherhusbandandputherlovetoherso

28、ns.Shehopesthattheywillbecomeoutstanding【PaulMoreldependsheavilyonhismothersloveandhelptomakesenseoftheworldaroundhim.Hestruggletofreefromhismother'sinfluence,buthefailed.Afterhismotherhasdiedandheisleftalone,indespair.Theme:Lawrencewasoneofthefirstnoveliststointroducethemesofpsychologyintohisworks.Hebelievedthatthehealthywayoftheindividual'spsychologicaldevelopmentlayintheprimacyofthelifeimplulse,orinanotherterm,thesexualimpulse.huamansexualitywas,toLawrence,asymboloflifeforce.bypresentingthepsychologicalexperienceofindivudualhumanlifeandofhumanrelationships,Lawrencehasopenedupaw