美国文学史复习资料

1、附：作者及作品（第一、二册）一、殖民主义时期 The Literature of Colonial America1船长约翰史密斯 Captain John Smith自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of th

2、e Country”弗吉尼亚通史 “General History of Virginia”2威廉布拉德福德 William Bradford普利茅斯开发历史 “The History of Plymouth Plantation”3约翰温思罗普 John Winthrop新英格兰历史 “The History of New England”4罗杰威廉姆斯 Roger Williams开启美国语言的钥匙”A Key into the Language of America”或叫美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives

3、in That Part of America Called New England ”5安妮布莱德斯特 Anne Bradstreet在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America”二、理性和革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution1。本杰明富兰克林 Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790)自传 “ The Autobiography ”穷人理查德的年鉴 “Poor Richards Almanac”2。托马斯佩因 Thomas Paine (1737-1809

4、)美国危机 “The American Crisis”收税官的案子 “The Case of the Officers of the Excise”常识“Common Sense”人权 “Rights of Man”理性的时代 “The Age of Reason”土地公平 “Agrarian Justice”3托马斯杰弗逊 Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)独立宣言“The Declaration of Independence”4菲利浦弗瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832)野忍冬花“The Wild Honey Suckle”印第安人的坟地 “Th

5、e Indian Burying Ground”致凯提迪德“To a Caty-Did”想象的力量 “The Power of Fancy”夜屋 “The House of Night”英国囚船“The British Prison Ship”战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”札记 “Miscellaneous Works”三、浪漫主义文学 The Literature of Romanticism1。华盛顿欧文 Washington Irving (1783-1859)作者

6、自叙 “The Authors Account of Himself”睡谷传奇 “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”见闻札记“Sketch Book”乔纳森欧尔德斯泰尔 “Jonathan Oldstyle”纽约外史 “A History of New York”布雷斯布里奇庄园“Bracebridge Hall”旅行者故事“Tales of Traveller”查理二世或快乐君主 “Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch”克里斯托弗哥伦布生平及航海历史“A History of the Life and Voyages of

7、Christopher Columbus”格拉纳达征服编年史”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada”哥伦布同伴航海及发现”Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus”阿尔罕布拉 “Alhambra”西班牙征服传说 “Legends of the Conquest of Spain”草原游记“A Tour on the Prairies”阿斯托里亚“Astoria”博纳维尔船长历险记 “The Adventures of Captain Bonneville”奥立弗戈尔德史密斯 ”Life

8、of Oliver Goldsmith”乔治华盛顿传 “Life of George Washington”2詹姆斯芬尼莫库珀 James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)最后的莫希干人 “The Last of the Mohicans”间谍“The Spy”领航者 “The Pilot”美国海军 “U.S. Navy”皮袜子故事集“Leather Stocking Tales”包括杀鹿者、探路人”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder”最后的莫希干人“The Last of the Mohicans”拓荒者、大草原“The Pioneers”

9、, “The Praire”3。威廉卡伦布莱恩特 William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)死之思考“Thanatopsis”致水鸟“To a Waterfowl”4。埃德加阿伦坡 Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)给海伦“To Helen”乌鸦 “The Raven”安娜贝尔李“Annabel Lee”鄂榭府崩溃记“The Fall of the House of Usher”金瓶子城的方德先生 “Ms. Found in a Bottle”述异集“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque”5。拉尔夫沃尔多爱默生 R

10、alph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)论自然 “Nature”论自助 “Self-Reliance”美国学者“The American Scholar”神学院致辞 “The Divinity School Address”随笔集 “Essays”代表 “Representative Men”英国人 “English Traits”诗集 “Poems”6。亨利戴维梭罗 Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)沃尔登 我生活的地方 我为何生活“Walden Where I Lived, and What I Lived For”平民反抗 “Civil D

11、isobedience”7。纳撒尼尔霍桑 Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)红字 “The Scarlet Letter”七尖角阁的房子 “The House of the Seven Gables”海关大楼“The Custom House”福谷浪漫史“The Blithedale Romance”古夏青苔“Mosses From an Old Manse”宝石神像 “The Marble Faun”伊桑布兰德 “Ethan Brand”小伙子布朗 “Young Goodman Brown”海德格博士的体验 “Dr. Heideggers Experiment”野

12、心勃勃的客人 “The Ambitious Guest”巨石脸“The Great Stone Face”8。赫尔曼麦尔维尔 Herman Melville (1819-1891)白鲸 “Moby Dick”泰皮 “Typee”欧穆 “Omoo”雷德车 “Bedburn”白外衣 “White-Jacket”比利伯德“Billy Budd”玛地 “Mardi”皮埃尔 “Pierre”班内托西兰尼 “Benito Cereno”9。亨利沃兹沃思朗费罗 Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)人生礼赞 “A Psalm of Life”奴隶的梦 “The Slav

13、es Dream”逝去的青春 “My Lost Youth”海华沙之歌 海华沙的禁食“The Song of Hiawatha Hiawathas Fasting”海外记游“Outre-Mer”海华沙“Hiawatha”夜吟 “Voices of the Night”许珀里翁 “Hyperion”歌谣及其他“Ballads and other Poems”奴隶制度诗篇“Poems on Slavery”伊凡吉林 “Evangeline”迈克尔安吉洛 “Michael Angelo”金星号遇难 “The Wreck of the Hesperus”精益求精 “Excelsior”乡村铁匠 “Th

14、e Village Blacksmith”四、现实主义文学The Literature of Realism1。沃尔特惠特曼 Walt Whitman (1819-1892)自己之歌“Song of Myself”我坐在这儿眺望着 “I Sit and Look Out”敲呀！敲呀！鼓啊！ “DRUM-TAPS Beat! Beat! Drums”草叶集 “Leaves of Grass”2。爱米丽狄金森 Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)我品味未经酿造的饮料 ”I taste a liquor never brewed”我意识到一场葬礼 “I felt a Funeral

15、, in my Brain”鸟儿沿着小径过来 “A Bird came down the Walk“我为美而死 “I died for Beauty-but was scarce”听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声我死时“I heard a Fly buzzwhen I died“我不能等候死神 “Because I could not stop for Death“3。哈丽雅特比彻斯托 Harriet Beecher Stowe (1811-1896)汤姆叔叔的小屋“Uncle Toms Cabin”汤姆叔叔小屋题解 “A Key to Uncle Toms cabin”德雷德，阴暗大沼地的故事“Dred:

16、A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp”4。马克吐温 Mark Twain (1835-1910)汤姆索亚历险记 ”The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”跳蛙 “Jumping Frog”傻子国外旅行记 “Innocents Abroad”艰苦岁月 “Roughing It”镀金时代 “The Gilded Age”密西西比河上的生活 ”Life on the Mississippi”哈克贝里费恩历险记”Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”傻瓜威尔逊 “Puddnhead Wilson”败坏了哈德莱堡的人”The Man

17、that Corrupted Hadleybury”什么是人？ “What is Man”神秘来客“The Mysterious Stranger”5。欧亨利 O Henry (1862-1910)警察与赞美诗 “The Cop and the Anthem”四百万 “The Four Million”旧知 “Retrieved Reformation”麦珙的礼物“The Gift of the Magi”市政报告 “A Municipal Report”没讲完的故事“An Unfinished Story”月亮女神“Phoebe”吝啬爱人 “A Lickpenny Lover”装饰过的房间“

18、The Furnished Room”6。亨利詹姆斯 Henry James (1843-1916)一个贵妇人的画像 ”The Portrait of A Lady”观察和守护 “Watch and Ward”罗德里克赫德森 “Roderick Hudson”美国人 “The American”达西密勒 “Daisy Miller”波士顿人 “The Bostonians”卡萨玛西玛公主 “The Princess Casamassima”悲惨的缪斯“The Tragic Muse”鸽翼 “The Wings of the Dove”大使“The Ambassadors”金碗 “The Gol

19、den Bowl”7。杰克伦敦 Jack London (1876-1916)海狼 “The Sea Wolf”马丁伊登“Martin Eden”狼子 “The Son of the Wolf”荒野的呼唤 “The Call of the Wild”深渊中的人们 “The People of the Abyss”海狼 “The Sea Wolf”阶级的斗争 “The War of the Classes”铁蹄 “The Iron Heel”马丁伊登“Martin Eden”革命“Revolution”生活的法则“The Law of Life”白牙 “White Fong”8。西奥多德莱塞 T

20、heodore Dreiser (1871-1945)嘉莉妹妹 “Sister Carrie”尼吉尔杰夫 “Nigger Jeff”巴塞尔洛格劳的女儿”Butcher Rogaums Daughter”珍妮姑娘“Jannie Gerhardt”金融家 “The Financier”巨人 “The Titan”斯多葛 “The Stoic”天才 “Genius”德莱塞访苏印象记 “Dreiser Looks at Russia”五、二十世纪文学TwentiethCentury Literature1。埃兹拉庞德 Ezra Pound (1885-1972)一台古钢琴 “A Virginal”再次

21、致意 “Salutation the Second”合同 “A Pact”地铁站台“In a Station of the Metro”长干行 “The River-Merchants Wife:A Letter”2。埃德温阿林顿罗宾逊Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935)山上的古屋 “The House on the Hill”理查珂利 “Richard Cory”米尼弗契维 “Miniver Cheevy”蒂尔伯里小镇 “Tilburg Town”克雷格舰长 “Captain Craig”本琼生招待一个来自斯特拉福德的朋友“Ben Jonson Enter

22、tains a Man from Stratford”默林 “Merlin”兰斯洛特 “Lancelot”特拉斯特拉姆 “Tristram”3。罗伯特弗洛斯特 Robert Frost (1874-1963)摘罢苹果 “After Apple-Picking”没有走的路 “The Road Not Taken”雪夜林边小立 “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”部分 “Departmental”设计 “Design”大多数 “The Most of It”小男孩的意志 “A Boys Will”波士顿以北 “North of Boston”山陵 “Moun

23、tain Interval”新罕布什尔“New Hampshire”小河西流“West-Running Brook”又一片农场 “A Further Range”智慧树 “A Witness Tree”绒毛锈线菊 “Steeple Bush”空旷地“In the Clearing”4。卡尔桑德堡 Carl Sandburg (1878-1967)芝加哥 “Chicago”港湾“The Harbor”雾 “Fog”冰冷的墓 “Cool Tombs”闪烁的深红 “Flash Crimson”人民，是的 “The People, Yes”芝加哥诗集 “Chicago Poems”剥玉米的人 “Cor

24、nhuskers”烟与钢 “Smoke and Steel”太阳烧灼的西方石板”Slabs of the Sunburnt West”美国歌谣汇编“The American Songbag”芝加哥种族动乱 “The Chicago Race Riots”路特拜故事集“The Rootabaga Stories”摄影家斯泰肯 “Steichen the Photographer”玛丽林肯“Mary Lincoln”亚伯拉罕林肯 “Abraham Lincoln”5。华莱士斯蒂文斯 Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)彼得昆士弹琴“Peter Quince at the Clav

25、ier”坛子的轶事“Anecdote of the Jar”冰淇淋皇帝 “The Emperor of Ice-Cream”风琴 “Harmonium”关于秩序的思想 “Ideas of Order”带蓝吉它的人 “The Man with the Blue Guitar”一个世界的几个部分 ”Parts of a World”入夏 “Transport to Summer”秋天的曙光 “The Auroras of Autumn”必要的天使“Necessary Angel”诗歌选集 “Collected Poems”遗著 “Opus Posthumous”谐音 “Harmonium”星期六早

26、晨 “Sunday Morning”6。托马斯斯特恩斯爱略特 Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965)J阿尔弗雷德普鲁弗洛克的情歌“The Love Song of J Alfred Prufrock”序曲 “Preludes”三贤哲的旅程 “Journey of the Magi”空心人 给老盖伊一文钱吧”The Hollow Men A Penny for the Old Guy”普鲁弗洛克及其它一些观察 ”Prufrock and Other Observations”诗集“Poems”圣林 “The Sacred Wood”传统和个人天才 “Tradition

27、and the Individual Talent”荒原 “The Waste Land”空心人 “The Hollow Men”灰星期三 “Ash-Wednesday”四个四重奏“Four Quartets”向德赖登致敬“Homage to John Dryden”萎缩争论 “Sweeney Agonistes”耶利尔诗集 “Ariel Poems”大教堂凶杀案 “Murder in the Cathedral”诗歌的用法和评论的用法”The Uses of Poetry and the Uses of Criticism”家庭重聚 “The Family Reunion”鸡尾酒会“The

28、Cocktail Party”机要秘书 “The Confidential Clerk”政界元老 “The Elder Statesman”完美的诗歌与剧作 “The Complete Poems and Plays”7。F司各特菲茨杰拉德 F Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940)了不起的盖茨比 “The Great Gatsby”人间天堂 “This Side of Paradise”漂亮的和该死的 “The Beautiful and Damned”爵士时代故事 “Tales of the Jazz Age”蔬菜 “The Vegetable”或叫从邮递员到总统 “fr

29、om Postman to President”夜色温柔 “Tender Is the Night”8。厄恩斯特海明威 Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961)永别了，武器 “A Farewell to Arms”三个故事和十篇诗歌”Three Stories and Ten Poems”太阳照样升起 “The Sun Also Rises”丧钟为谁而鸣“For Whom the Bell Tolls”死在午后 “Death in the Afternoon”非洲的青山 “The Green Hills of Africa”过河入林“Across the River and i

30、nto the Trees”老人与海 “The Old Man and the Sea”9。约翰斯坦贝尔 John Steinbeck (1902-1968)愤怒的葡萄“The Grapes of Wrath”科特兹之海 “The Sea of Corctz”长谷 “The Long Valley”鼠与人“Of Mice and Men”胜负末决的战斗 “In Dubious Battle”托蒂亚平地 “Tortilla Flat”10。威廉福克纳 William Faulkner (1897-1962)给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰“A Rose for Emily”圣殿 “Sanctuary”沙多里斯

31、“Sartoris”喧嚣与骚动 “The Sound and the Fury”在我弥留之际 “As I Lay Dying”八月之光 “Light in August”马蒂诺医生和其它故事选 ”Doctor Martino and Others Stories”武士的行动“Knights Gambit”大树林 “Big Woods”押沙龙，押沙龙 “Absalom, Absalom”去吧，摩西 “Go Down, Moses”小乡村 “The Hamlet”小镇 “The Town”大宅 “The Mansion”名词解释Terms1.Transcendentalism Transcende

32、ntalism refers to the religious and philosophical doctrines of Ralph Waldo Emerson and others in New England in the middle 1800s, which emphasized the importance of individual inspiration and intuition, the Oversoul, and Nature. Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism include the idea that

33、 nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-reliant. New England Transcendentalism is the product of a combination of native American Puritanism and European Romanticism. 特点：1）as a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematized. It e

34、xalted feeling over reason, individual expression over the restraints of law and custom.不讲逻辑，不讲系统，只强调超越理性的感受，超越法律和世俗束缚的个人表达。2)they spoke for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society.呼吁文化复兴，反对美国社会的拜金主义。3）they believe in the transcendence of over soul, an all-pervading pow

35、er for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part. 相信精神上的超越，相信无所不能的善的力量，强调善为万物之源。代表作家Ralph Waldo Emersion 拉尔夫.沃尔多.爱默生作品：“Nature”论自然、“Essays”随笔录、 “The American Scholar”美国学者, our intellectual Declaration of Independence.我们知识分子的独立宣言。his most important works are “Representati

36、ve Men ”代表and “English Traits”英国人、“Poems”诗集摘自论自然：Standing on the bare ground, -my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space, -all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball. 人形的约束没有了。2.NaturalismNaturalism, a more deliberate kind of realism, usually involves a view

37、of human beings as passive victims of natural forces and social environment. As a literary movement, naturalism was initiated in France and it came to be led by Zola, who claimed at “scientific” status for his studies of impoverished characters miserably subjected to hunger, sexual obsession, and he

38、reditary defects. Natural fiction aspired to a sociological objectivity, offering detailed and fully researched investigations into unexplored corners of modern society. The naturalists emphasized that the world was amoral, that men and women had no free will, that their lives were controlled by her

39、edity and the environment, the religious “truths” were illusory, that the destiny of humanity was misery in life and oblivion in death. The most significant work of naturalism in English being Dreisers Sister Carrie.3.American Dream The American Dream is the faith held by many people in the United S

40、tates of America that through hard work, courage and determination one can achieve a better life for oneself, usually through financial prosperity. These were values held by many early European settlers, and have been passed on to subsequent generations. 4.The Lost Generation The term Lost Generatio

41、n was coined by Gertrude Stein to refer to a group of American Literary notables who lived in Paris from the time period which saw the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression. Significant members included Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Sherwood Anderson, T. S.

42、 Eliot, and Gertrude Stein herself. Hemingway likely popularized the term, quoting Stein (“You are all a lost generation”) as epigraph to his novel The Sun Also Rises. More generally, the term is being used for the young adults of Europe and America during World War I. They were “lost” because after

43、 the war many of them were disillusioned with the world in general and unwilling to more into a settled life.Scott Fitzgerald, “The Great Gatsby” 了不起的盖茨比 novelErnest Hemingway “The Sun Also Rises”太阳照样升起 “A Farwell to Arms”告别了，武器5. ModernismModern writing is marked by a strong and conscious break wit

44、h traditional forms and techniques of expression; it believes that we create the world in the act of perceiving it. Modernism implies historical discontinuity, a sense of alienation, of loss, and of despair. It elevates the individual and his inner being over social man and prefers the unconscious t

45、o the self-conscious.T. S. Eliots “The Waste Land”, the most significant American poem of the twentieth century, helped to establish a modern tradition of literature rich with learning and allusive thought.6. Romanticism Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in England in the later half

46、 of the 18th century. It first made its appearance in England as a renewed interest in medieval literature. William Blake and Robert Burns represented the spirit of what is usually called Pre-Romanticism. With the publication of William Wordsworths Lyrical Ballads in collaboration with S. T. Colerid

47、ge, romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in history of English literature. In fact, the first half the 19th century recorded the triumph of Romanticism.Romanticism的特点：frequently shared certain general characteristics, moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive p

48、erception, and a presumption that he natural world was a source of corruption.浪漫主义之间大多是相通的，都注重道德，强调个人主义价值观和直觉感受，并且认为自然是美的源头，人类社会是腐败之源。Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文 the first great prose stylist of American romanticism. 美国第一位浪漫主义散文文体作家7. Puritanism The principles and practices of puritans were popularly kn

49、own as Puritanism. Puritanism accepted the doctrines of Calvinism: the sovereignty of God; the supreme authority of the Bible; the irresistibility of Gods will for man in every act of life from cradle to grave. These doctrines led the Puritans to examine their souls to find whether they were of the

50、elect and to search the Bible to determine Gods will. the best of Puritan poets is Edward Taylor.诗歌赏析The Wild Honey-Suckle 野金银花By Philip FreneauIt is Philip Morin Freneaus poetry. Philip Morin Freneau was a notable American poet, nationalist, polemicist, sea captain and newspaper editor.The short ly

51、ric was written in 1786.Its said that the poet was inspired by the beauty of the wild honey suckle when he was walking in a garden.The poet describes his thoughts to readers on the themes of life and death in the form of a blooming flower of life.In the beginning,the poem points out the secluded nat

52、ure of the place where the honey suckle so comely grew, drawing a conclusion that it was due to natures protectiveness that the flower was able to lead a peaceful life free from mens disturbance and destruction.The poet admired the beauty of nature.Even in these idyllic circumstances, however, the h

53、oneysuckle s days are numbered. No one can violate the great law of nature,even under protective wings of an angel or grew in the Eden.Our fate is doomed.The poems philosophical weight resides in the final stanza.If nothing once, you nothing lose.Even though fate is doomed.It tells us to be optimistic when you face the difficulty. And be sure of what you like and love your life.The poet used many figures of speech in the poem.First,Its personification.The poet used you to describe the Wild Honey Suckle.Second, Its paralleli